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使用Apache HttpClient執(zhí)行GET、POST、PUT和DELETE請(qǐng)求的操作方法

更新時(shí)間：2024年12月10日 16:46:20 作者：瘋一樣的碼農(nóng)

Apache HttpClient 是一個(gè)功能強(qiáng)大且靈活的庫,用于在Java中處理HTTP請(qǐng)求,本教程將演示如何使用Apache HttpClient來執(zhí)行GET、POST、PUT和DELETE請(qǐng)求,感興趣的朋友跟隨小編一起看看吧

Maven依賴

要使用Apache HttpClient，您需要在pom.xml文件中添加以下依賴項(xiàng)：

<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.apache.httpcomponents.client5/httpclient5 -->
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents.client5</groupId>
    <artifactId>httpclient5</artifactId>
    <version>5.3</version>
</dependency>

示例場(chǎng)景

我們將創(chuàng)建簡(jiǎn)單的Java類，這些類將向指定的URL發(fā)送GET、POST、PUT和DELETE請(qǐng)求，并打印響應(yīng)。

JSONPlaceholder API

為了演示目的，我們將使用JSONPlaceholder API，該API提供了一個(gè)虛擬的在線RESTful端點(diǎn)，用于測(cè)試和原型設(shè)計(jì)。

GET請(qǐng)求

發(fā)送GET請(qǐng)求的Java類

創(chuàng)建一個(gè)名為HttpClientGetExample的類，代碼如下：

import org.apache.hc.client5.http.classic.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.hc.client5.http.classic.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
import org.apache.hc.client5.http.impl.classic.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.hc.client5.http.impl.classic.HttpClients;
import org.apache.hc.core5.http.io.entity.EntityUtils;
public class HttpClientGetExample {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String url = "https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/posts/1";
        // 創(chuàng)建HttpClient
        try (CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault()) {
            // 創(chuàng)建HttpGet請(qǐng)求
            HttpGet request = new HttpGet(url);
            // 執(zhí)行請(qǐng)求
            try (CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(request)) {
                // 獲取HTTP響應(yīng)狀態(tài)
                System.out.println("Response Code: " + response.getCode());
                // 獲取HTTP響應(yīng)內(nèi)容
                String content = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity());
                System.out.println("Response Content: \n" + content);
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

示例輸出

Response Code: 200
Response Content:
{
"userId": 1,
"id": 1,
"title": "sunt aut facere repellat provident occaecati excepturi optio reprehenderit",
"body": "quia et suscipit\nsuscipit recusandae consequuntur expedita et cum\nreprehenderit molestiae ut ut quas totam\nnostrum rerum est autem sunt rem eveniet architecto"
}

POST請(qǐng)求

發(fā)送POST請(qǐng)求的Java類

創(chuàng)建一個(gè)名為HttpClientPostExample的類，代碼如下：

import org.apache.hc.client5.http.classic.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.hc.client5.http.classic.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
import org.apache.hc.client5.http.impl.classic.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.hc.client5.http.impl.classic.HttpClients;
import org.apache.hc.core5.http.io.entity.StringEntity;
import org.apache.hc.core5.http.ContentType;
import org.apache.hc.core5.http.io.entity.EntityUtils;
public class HttpClientPostExample {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String url = "https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/posts";
        String json = "{\"title\":\"foo\",\"body\":\"bar\",\"userId\":1}";
        // 創(chuàng)建HttpClient
        try (CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault()) {
            // 創(chuàng)建HttpPost請(qǐng)求
            HttpPost request = new HttpPost(url);
            // 設(shè)置JSON負(fù)載
            StringEntity entity = new StringEntity(json, ContentType.APPLICATION_JSON);
            request.setEntity(entity);
            // 設(shè)置頭部
            request.setHeader("Accept", "application/json");
            request.setHeader("Content-type", "application/json");
            // 執(zhí)行請(qǐng)求
            try (CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(request)) {
                // 獲取HTTP響應(yīng)狀態(tài)
                System.out.println("Response Code: " + response.getCode());
                // 獲取HTTP響應(yīng)內(nèi)容
                String content = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity());
                System.out.println("Response Content: \n" + content);
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

示例輸出

Response Code: 201
Response Content:
{
"title": "foo",
"body": "bar",
"userId": 1,
"id": 101
}

PUT請(qǐng)求

發(fā)送PUT請(qǐng)求的Java類

創(chuàng)建一個(gè)名為HttpClientPutExample的類，代碼如下：

import org.apache.hc.client5.http.classic.methods.HttpPut;
import org.apache.hc.client5.http.classic.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
import org.apache.hc.client5.http.impl.classic.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.hc.client5.http.impl.classic.HttpClients;
import org.apache.hc.core5.http.io.entity.StringEntity;
import org.apache.hc.core5.http.ContentType;
import org.apache.hc.core5.http.io.entity.EntityUtils;
public class HttpClientPutExample {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String url = "https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/posts/1";
        String json = "{\"id\":1,\"title\":\"foo\",\"body\":\"bar\",\"userId\":1}";
        // 創(chuàng)建HttpClient
        try (CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault()) {
            // 創(chuàng)建HttpPut請(qǐng)求
            HttpPut request = new HttpPut(url);
            // 設(shè)置JSON負(fù)載
            StringEntity entity = new StringEntity(json, ContentType.APPLICATION_JSON);
            request.setEntity(entity);
            // 設(shè)置頭部
            request.setHeader("Accept", "application/json");
            request.setHeader("Content-type", "application/json");
            // 執(zhí)行請(qǐng)求
            try (CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(request)) {
                // 獲取HTTP響應(yīng)狀態(tài)
                System.out.println("Response Code: " + response.getCode());
                // 獲取HTTP響應(yīng)內(nèi)容
                String content = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity());
                System.out.println("Response Content: \n" + content);
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

示例輸出

Response Code: 200
Response Content:
{
"id": 1,
"title": "foo",
"body": "bar",
"userId": 1
}

DELETE請(qǐng)求

發(fā)送DELETE請(qǐng)求的Java類

創(chuàng)建一個(gè)名為HttpClientDeleteExample的類，代碼如下：

import org.apache.hc.client5.http.classic.methods.HttpDelete;
import org.apache.hc.client5.http.classic.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
import org.apache.hc.client5.http.impl.classic.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.hc.client5.http.impl.classic.HttpClients;
import org.apache.hc.core5.http.io.entity.EntityUtils;
public class HttpClientDeleteExample {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String url = "https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/posts/1";
        // 創(chuàng)建HttpClient
        try (CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault()) {
            // 創(chuàng)建HttpDelete請(qǐng)求
            HttpDelete request = new HttpDelete(url);
            // 執(zhí)行請(qǐng)求
            try (CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(request)) {
                // 獲取HTTP響應(yīng)狀態(tài)
                System.out.println("Response Code: " + response.getCode());
                // 獲取HTTP響應(yīng)內(nèi)容
                String content = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity());
                System.out.println("Response Content: \n" + content);
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

示例輸出

Response Code: 200
Response Content:
{}

額外配置

設(shè)置自定義頭部：可以通過調(diào)用請(qǐng)求對(duì)象（如HttpGet、HttpPost、HttpPut、HttpDelete）上的setHeader方法來設(shè)置自定義頭部。
處理重定向：默認(rèn)情況下，Apache HttpClient會(huì)自動(dòng)處理重定向。您可以使用自定義的HttpClientBuilder來自定義這種行為。
設(shè)置超時(shí)：可以使用RequestConfig來設(shè)置連接和套接字超時(shí)。

結(jié)論

使用Apache HttpClient來執(zhí)行GET、POST、PUT和DELETE HTTP請(qǐng)求非常方便。

通過遵循本教程，您現(xiàn)在應(yīng)該能夠創(chuàng)建并執(zhí)行這些類型的請(qǐng)求，處理響應(yīng)，并定制HTTP請(qǐng)求和響應(yīng)過程。

Apache HttpClient提供了一整套功能，使其成為處理Java應(yīng)用程序中HTTP操作的優(yōu)秀選擇。

JSONPlaceholder API作為一個(gè)實(shí)用且方便的來源，適合用來測(cè)試和原型化您的HTTP請(qǐng)求。

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