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Nginx使用Keepalived部署web集群（高可用高性能負載均衡）實戰(zhàn)案例

 更新時間：2025年05月17日 15:27:09   作者：Wan@Technology Stack  
本文介紹Nginx+Keepalived實現(xiàn)Web集群高可用負載均衡的部署與測試,涵蓋架構(gòu)設(shè)計、環(huán)境配置、健康檢查、故障切換及VIP漂移驗證,確保服務(wù)高可用性與性能

前言

Keepalived 作為一個高性能的集群高可用解決方案。提供了集群節(jié)點心跳檢測、健康檢查以及故障切換的功能。原生支持 LVS 負載均衡集群。除了原生支持的LVS + Keepalived 外，現(xiàn)在 Nginx + Keepalived 也比較常用。接下來，我將詳細介紹 Nginx + Keepalived。

一、架構(gòu)設(shè)計

負載均衡方案系統(tǒng)架構(gòu)拓撲圖

二、環(huán)境準備

rolehostipsoftware installedOS
Nginx proxy、Keepalive MASTERnode01192.168.5.11Nginx-1.10.0、keepalivedCentos 7.8
Nginx proxy、Keepalive BACKUPnode02192.168.5.12Nginx-1.10.0、keepalivedCentos 7.8
nginx web server1node03192.168.5.13Nginx-1.18.0Centos 7.8
nginx web server1node04192.168.5.14Nginx-1.18.0Centos 7.8
Clientnode05192.168.5.15----Centos 7.8

三、案例部署

配置 前端 Keepalived

---node01
[root@node01 ~]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf 
! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {
   notification_email {
     acassen@firewall.loc
     failover@firewall.loc
     sysadmin@firewall.loc
   }
   notification_email_from Alexandre.Cassen@firewall.loc
   smtp_server 192.168.5.10
   smtp_connect_timeout 30
   router_id LVS_DEVEL1
}
vrrp_script check_nginx_service {
   script "/etc/keepalived/check_web_server_keepalive.sh"
   #script "killall -0 nginx"
   interval 2
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state MASTER
    interface ens33
    virtual_router_id 51
    priority 200
    advert_int 1
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass 1111
    }
    track_script {
       check_nginx_service
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        192.168.5.100
    }
}

[root@node01 ~]# systemctl restart keepalived.service



---node02
! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {
   notification_email {
     acassen@firewall.loc
     failover@firewall.loc
     sysadmin@firewall.loc
   }
   notification_email_from Alexandre.Cassen@firewall.loc
   smtp_server 192.168.5.10
   smtp_connect_timeout 30
   router_id LVS_DEVEL2
}
vrrp_script check_nginx_service {
   script "/etc/keepalived/check_web_server_keepalive.sh"
   #script "killall -0 nginx"
   interval 2
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state BACKUP
    interface ens33
    virtual_router_id 51
    priority 100
    advert_int 1
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass 1111
    }
    track_script {
       check_nginx_service
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        192.168.5.100
    }
}

[root@node02 ~]# systemctl restart keepalived.service

配置 前端 Nginx 負載均衡

---node01
[root@node01 ~]# mv /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf{,.bak}
[root@node01 ~]# vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/vhost.conf
upstream nginx_keepalived_webservers {
   server 192.168.5.13:80 weight=1;
   server 192.168.5.14:80 weight=1;
}

server{
    listen       80;
    server_name  wan.ngin_keepalived.org;
    location / {
       proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $remote_addr;
       proxy_pass http://nginx_keepalived_webservers;
      }   
}

[root@node01 ~]# systemctl restart nginx


node02
[root@node02 ~]# mv /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf{,.bak}
[root@node02 ~]# vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/vhost.conf
upstream nginx_keepalived_webservers {
   server 192.168.5.13:80 weight=1;
   server 192.168.5.14:80 weight=1;
}

server{
    listen       80;
    server_name  wan.ngin_keepalived.org;
    location / {
       proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $remote_addr;
       proxy_pass http://nginx_keepalived_webservers;
      }   
}

[root@node02 ~]# systemctl restart nginx

配置前端 Nginx監(jiān)控腳本

---node01
[root@node01 ~]# vim /etc/keepalived/check_web_server_keepalive.sh
#!/bin/bash

http_status=`ps -C nginx --no-header | wc -l`
if [ $http_status -eq 0 ];then
   systemctl start nginx
   sleep 3
   if [ `ps -C nginx --no-header | wc -l` -eq 0 ]
   then
       systemctl stop keepalived
   fi
fi


[root@node02 ~]# vim /etc/keepalived/check_web_server_keepalive.sh
#!/bin/bash

http_status=`ps -C nginx --no-header | wc -l`
if [ $http_status -eq 0 ];then
   systemctl start nginx
   sleep 3
   if [ `ps -C nginx --no-header | wc -l` -eq 0 ]
   then
       systemctl stop keepalived
   fi
fi

配置后端 web 服務(wù)

---node03
[root@node03 ~]# yum install nginx-1.18.0-1.el7.ngx.x86_64.rpm -y
[root@node03 ~]# echo "`hostname -I` web test page..." > /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html
[root@node03 ~]# systemctl enable --now nginx


----node04
[root@node04 ~]# yum install nginx-1.18.0-1.el7.ngx.x86_64.rpm -y
[root@node04 ~]# echo "`hostname -I` web test page..." > /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html
[root@node04 ~]# systemctl enable --now nginx

客戶端訪問 VIP

實現(xiàn) Web 服務(wù)負載均衡 ！

四、測試

node05 添加hosts解析

1、Keepalived 健康檢查

檢測 VIP 訪問 Web 服務(wù)

模擬后端服務(wù)故障

[root@node04 ~]# systemctl stop nginx
[root@node04 ~]# systemctl is-active nginx
inactive

檢測 VIP 訪問 Web 服務(wù)

模擬后端服務(wù)故障恢復(fù)

[root@node04 ~]# systemctl start nginx
[root@node04 ~]# systemctl is-active nginx
active

檢測 VIP 訪問 Web 服務(wù)

注：Nginx upstream 模塊默認支持對后端服務(wù)健康監(jiān)測，Haproxy 同樣也自帶這種功能！

2、Keepalived MASTER/BACKUP 切換

查看keeapalived VIP 地址狀況

node01

node02

模擬 Keepalived MASTER 故障

[root@node01 ~]# systemctl stop keepalived.service

node01

node02

web 服務(wù)訪問不受影響

模擬 Keepalived MASTER 故障恢復(fù)

[root@node01 ~]# systemctl start keepalived.service

node01

node02

實現(xiàn) keeapalived VIP 漂移 ！
測試前端 Nginx 負載均衡服務(wù)器
node01

Nginx 服務(wù)異常后 自動啟動！

node02

Web 訪問不受影響

模擬node01 nginx 服務(wù)無法啟動

node01

node02

Web 訪問不受影響

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