Docker新建centos鏡像并配置遠程訪問的方法(親自實踐)
更新時間：2025年09月12日 12:11:03 作者：伊成
本文介紹了通過Docker創(chuàng)建多個CentOS容器模擬服務器環(huán)境的方法,涵蓋鏡像下載、網(wǎng)絡配置、自啟動設置及解決systemd問題,需添加privileged=true參數(shù)并安裝sshd以實現(xiàn)遠程訪問和固定IP分配,本文給大家介紹的非常詳細,感興趣的朋友一起看看吧
寫在前面
我們可能遇到過這種情況 , 為我們用于練習 , 需要好幾臺服務器 , 但是我們又沒有 , 但是也想用 , 怎么辦呢?
Docker可以幫助我們解決 , 我們知道Docker鏡像中有一個centos鏡像 , 他就相當于一個小型的虛擬機 , 服務器 , 我們可以啟動多次centos鏡像容器來達到多個服務器的效果 。
下面我來帶大家配置Docker創(chuàng)建centos鏡像 , 并配置遠程訪問
- 查找官方centos鏡像
[root@wangliuchuang ~]# docker search centos NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED centos The official build of CentOS. 6823 [OK] ansible/centos7-ansible Ansible on Centos7 135 [OK] consol/centos-xfce-vnc Centos container with "headless" VNC session… 132 [OK] jdeathe/centos-ssh OpenSSH / Supervisor / EPEL/IUS/SCL Repos - … 121 [OK] centos/systemd systemd enabled base container. 104 [OK] imagine10255/centos6-lnmp-php56 centos6-lnmp-php56 58 [OK] tutum/centos Simple CentOS docker image with SSH access 48 centos/postgresql-96-centos7 PostgreSQL is an advanced Object-Relational … 45 centos/httpd-24-centos7 Platform for running Apache httpd 2.4 or bui… 40 ....... starlabio/centos-native-build Our CentOS image for native builds 0 [OK] smartentry/centos centos with smartentry 0 [OK]
- 下載鏡像(不選擇版本 , 默認下載的是最新的版本)
[root@hrkj-video ~]# docker pull centos Using default tag: latest latest: Pulling from library/centos a1d0c7532777: Pull complete Digest: sha256:a27fd8080b517143cbbbab9dfb7c8571c40d67d534bbdee55bd6c473f432b177 Status: Downloaded newer image for centos:latest [root@hrkj-video ~]#
- Docker啟動鏡像
[root@wangliuchuang ~]# docker run -it -d --name centos-latest --privileged=true centos /sbin/init 3f04ab1a71dc67a41dcf69bc81fcd9d16ead89457be09f7f1593c7518daa4ab6 [root@wangliuchuang ~]# docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES c3053259c69c centos "/sbin/init" 7 seconds ago Up 7 seconds centos-latest [root@wangliuchuang ~]#
注意 : 在Linux Docker 中無法使用 systemd(systemctl) 相關命令的原因是1號進程不是init , 而是其他例如 /bin/bash ,
所以導致相關文件無法進行 (System has not been booted with systemd as init system (PID 1). Can’t operat)
解決方案 : /sbin/init并且--privilaged=true一定要加上的。
- Docker查看centos容器的啟動情況
[root@wangliuchuang ~]# docker ps | grep centos c3053259c69c centos "/sbin/init" 2 minutes ago Up 2 minutes centos-latest [root@wangliuchuang ~]#
- Docker進入到centos容器
[root@wangliuchuang ~]# docker exec -it c3053259c69c /bin/bash [root@c3053259c69c /]# ifconfig bash: ifconfig: command not found [root@c3053259c69c /]#
- 安裝centos基礎環(huán)境 (安裝網(wǎng)絡環(huán)境，完成后使用ifconfig查看ip等信息)
yum -y install net-tools.x86_64 yum -y install openssh-server yum install vim yum install passwd
命令演示 :
[root@c3053259c69c /]# yum -y install net-tools.x86_64 Failed to set locale, defaulting to C.UTF-8 CentOS Linux 8 - AppStream 9.7 MB/s | 9.5 MB 00:00 CentOS Linux 8 - BaseOS 592 kB/s | 7.5 MB 00:13 CentOS Linux 8 - Extras 13 kB/s | 10 kB 00:00 Dependencies resolved. ===================================================================================================================================================================== Package Architecture Version Repository Size ===================================================================================================================================================================== Installing: net-tools x86_64 2.0-0.52.20160912git.el8 baseos 322 k ....... Installed: net-tools-2.0-0.52.20160912git.el8.x86_64 Complete! [root@c3053259c69c /]# # 安裝 sshd [root@c3053259c69c /]# yum -y install openssh-server Failed to set locale, defaulting to C.UTF-8 Last metadata expiration check: 0:01:31 ago on Thu Oct 28 10:24:23 2021. Dependencies resolved. ===================================================================================================================================================================== Package Architecture Version Repository Size ===================================================================================================================================================================== ..... Complete! [root@c3053259c69c /]# # 安裝 vim [root@c3053259c69c /]# yum install vim Failed to set locale, defaulting to C.UTF-8 Last metadata expiration check: 0:02:01 ago on Wed Nov 3 03:03:33 2021. Dependencies resolved. =================================================================================================================================================================== Package Architecture Version Repository Size =================================================================================================================================================================== .... Installed: gpm-libs-1.20.7-17.el8.x86_64 vim-common-2:8.0.1763-15.el8.x86_64 vim-enhanced-2:8.0.1763-15.el8.x86_64 vim-filesystem-2:8.0.1763-15.el8.noarch which-2.21-12.el8.x86_64 Complete! [root@c3053259c69c /]# # 安裝 passwd [root@c3053259c69c /]# yum install passwd Failed to set locale, defaulting to C.UTF-8 Last metadata expiration check: 0:03:31 ago on Wed Nov 3 03:03:33 2021. Dependencies resolved. =================================================================================================================================================================== Package Architecture Version Repository Size =================================================================================================================================================================== Installing: .... libuser-0.62-23.el8.x86_64 passwd-0.80-3.el8.x86_64 Complete! [root@c3053259c69c /]#
- 修改root密碼 , 服務器的登錄密碼
[root@c3053259c69c /]# passwd Changing password for user root. New password: # 輸入新密碼 Retype new password: # 再次輸入密碼 passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully. [root@c3053259c69c /]#
- 啟動容器sshd服務
[root@c3053259c69c /]# /usr/sbin/sshd (此命令可以會出現(xiàn)問題 , 下面有對應的解決方案) [root@c3053259c69c /]# netstat -antp | grep sshd tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 233/sshd tcp6 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN 233/sshd [root@c3053259c69c /]#
問題 :
[root@c3053259c69c /]# /usr/sbin/sshd Unable to load host key: /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key Unable to load host key: /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ecdsa_key Unable to load host key: /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ed25519_key sshd: no hostkeys available -- exiting. [root@c3053259c69c /]#
解決方案 : 執(zhí)行以下命令
ssh-keygen -t rsa -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key -N "" ssh-keygen -t ecdsa -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ecdsa_key -N "" ssh-keygen -t ed25519 -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ed25519_key -N ""
- 提交鏡像
[root@c3053259c69c /]# [root@c3053259c69c /]# (使用 Ctrl + p + q) 來不停止退出容器 [root@wangliuchuang ~]# [root@wangliuchuang ~]# # 提交鏡像 [root@wangliuchuang ~]# docker commit -a="lep" -m "this is a ssh_centos" c3053259c69c ssh_centos sha256:0c6d3118787dc04f0da1851f6a2c24f8f5ec8cb9026ac799d86a11e875986399 [root@wangliuchuang ~]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE ssh_centos latest 0c6d3118787d 4 seconds ago 310MB centos latest 5d0da3dc9764 6 weeks ago 231MB [root@wangliuchuang ~]#
運行測試
- 指定端口來啟動新的鏡像
[root@wangliuchuang ~]# docker run -it -d --name k8s-master -p 7010:22 --privileged=true ssh_centos /sbin/init b07adedf27ff22f1e37aff9943c79bfeb740cedc51c71538c48fa526d1b5bb1b [root@wangliuchuang ~]# [root@wangliuchuang ~]# docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES b07adedf27ff ssh_centos "/sbin/init" 34 seconds ago Up 33 seconds 0.0.0.0:7010->22/tcp k8s-master
- 測試訪問(外網(wǎng)訪問)
C:\Users\lep>ssh root@wangliuchuang.top -p 7010 The authenticity of host '[wangliuchuang.top]:7010 ([39.105.56.212]:7010)' can't be established. ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:e2NfNXC+RLLrW9rwfwInjtRW2hGTMwbYwnlUOIF4iaQ. Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no/[fingerprint])? yes Warning: Permanently added '[wangliuchuang.top]:7010,[39.105.56.212]:7010' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts. root@wangliuchuang.top's password: Last login: Wed Nov 3 03:47:22 2021 from 103.208.12.5 [root@b07adedf27ff ~]#
配置容器自啟動
當我們重啟服務器時 , 容器也會跟著停止 , 這樣是很危險的 , 所以下面配置了容器自啟動
設置容器參數(shù) docker update --restart=always 容器id
[root@wangliuchuang ~]# docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES c3053259c69c centos "/sbin/init" 18 minutes ago Up 18 minutes centos-latest [root@wangliuchuang ~]# docker update --restart=always c3053259c69c c3053259c69c [root@wangliuchuang ~]#
還可以在使用on - failure策略時，指定Docker將嘗試重新啟動容器的最大次數(shù)
docker run --restart=on-failure:10 容器id
Docker啟動時 , 指定容器的ip
Docker創(chuàng)建容器時默認采用bridge網(wǎng)絡 , 自行分配ip , 不允許自己指定
在實際的部署中 , 我們需要指定容器的ip , 不允許其自行分配ip , 尤其是搭建集群時 , 固定的ip是必須的
我們可以創(chuàng)建自己的bridge網(wǎng)絡 : mynet , 創(chuàng)建容器時指定網(wǎng)絡mynet并指定ip即可
- 查看網(wǎng)絡模式
[root@wangliuchuang /]# docker network ls NETWORK ID NAME DRIVER SCOPE 11565a6f8478 bridge bridge local 43b7c730c59d host host local d6f31afd8e07 none null local [root@wangliuchuang /]#
- 創(chuàng)建一個新的bridge網(wǎng)絡
[root@wangliuchuang ~]# docker network create --driver bridge --subnet 192.168.0.0/16 --gateway 192.168.0.1 k8s-mynet 7402804f99b8096b231b85066eb90d303061f2504c3d8ff9d6d425e8a5d00324 [root@wangliuchuang ~]# docker network ls NETWORK ID NAME DRIVER SCOPE 11565a6f8478 bridge bridge local 43b7c730c59d host host local 7402804f99b8 k8s-mynet bridge local d6f31afd8e07 none null local [root@wangliuchuang ~]#
- 查看創(chuàng)建的網(wǎng)絡的信息
[root@wangliuchuang ~]# docker network inspect 7402804f99b8
[
{
"Name": "k8s-mynet",
"Id": "7402804f99b8096b231b85066eb90d303061f2504c3d8ff9d6d425e8a5d00324",
"Created": "2021-11-03T15:11:20.019208537+08:00",
"Scope": "local",
"Driver": "bridge",
"EnableIPv6": false,
"IPAM": {
"Driver": "default",
"Options": {},
"Config": [
{
"Subnet": "192.168.0.0/16",
"Gateway": "192.168.0.1"
}
]
},
"Internal": false,
"Attachable": false,
"Ingress": false,
"ConfigFrom": {
"Network": ""
},
"ConfigOnly": false,
"Containers": {},
"Options": {},
"Labels": {}
}
]
[root@wangliuchuang ~]# - 指定端口 , 指定網(wǎng)絡 , 指定ip 來啟動一個容器(注意 ; 分配內(nèi)網(wǎng)ip時 , 設置大點 , 不至于被占用)
[root@wangliuchuang /]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE ssh_centos latest 0c6d3118787d 6 hours ago 310MB centos latest 5d0da3dc9764 6 weeks ago 231MB [root@wangliuchuang /]# docker run -e TZ="Asia/Shanghai" -p 7010:22 --privileged -itd -h k8s-master --name k8s-master --network=k8s-mynet --ip 192.168.2.1 ssh_centos /usr/sbin/init fac0f09991af0ca4902b3e7fbbb9b8e26eca30c957caded77ff96be755fc1f17 [root@wangliuchuang /]# [root@wangliuchuang /]# ssh root@192.168.2.1 The authenticity of host '192.168.2.1 (192.168.2.1)' can't be established. ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:e2NfNXC+RLLrW9rwfwInjtRW2hGTMwbYwnlUOIF4iaQ. ECDSA key fingerprint is MD5:8f:b9:57:8a:b2:5c:d9:d9:25:7f:ac:ce:57:c5:81:be. Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes Warning: Permanently added '192.168.2.1' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts. root@192.168.2.1's password: # 可惜只能內(nèi)網(wǎng)訪問 , 外網(wǎng)就不行了 , 想要需要外網(wǎng)訪問 , 還需要修改一些其他的配置 Permission denied, please try again. root@192.168.2.1's password: Last failed login: Wed Nov 3 09:41:42 UTC 2021 from 192.168.0.1 on ssh:notty There was 1 failed login attempt since the last successful login. [root@k8s-master ~]# [root@k8s-master ~]#
如果你想在容器中使用docker命令 , 有下面兩種方式
- 在docker容器中下載 docker , 但是
- -v /var/run/:/var/run/ -v /usr/bin/docker:/usr/bin/docker
到此這篇關于Docker新建centos鏡像并配置遠程訪問的方法(親自實踐)的文章就介紹到這了,更多相關Docker新建centos鏡像內(nèi)容請搜索腳本之家以前的文章或繼續(xù)瀏覽下面的相關文章希望大家以后多多支持腳本之家！
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