#include <pthread.h>
（1）int pthread_create(pthread_t *thread,pthread_attr_t *attr,void *(*start_routine)(void *),void *arg);
pthread_t pthread_self(void);
（2）int pthread_equal(pthread_t thread1,pthread_t thread2);
（3）int pthread_once(pthread_once_t *once_control,void(*init_routine)(void));

1.線程創(chuàng)建： 
int pthread_create(pthread_t thread,pthread_attr_t *attr,void (start_routine)(void ),void *arg); 
pthread_t pthread_self(void); 
參數(shù)說明： 
thread：指向pthread_create類型的指針，用于引用新創(chuàng)建的線程。 
attr：用于設(shè)置線程的屬性，一般不需要特殊的屬性，所以可以簡單地設(shè)置為NULL。 
（start_routine)(void )：傳遞新線程所要執(zhí)行的函數(shù)地址。 
arg：新線程所要執(zhí)行的函數(shù)的參數(shù)。 
調(diào)用如果成功，則返回值是0，如果失敗則返回錯誤代碼。 
2.線程終止 
void pthread_exit(void *retval); 
參數(shù)說明： 
retval：返回指針，指向線程向要返回的某個對象。 
線程通過調(diào)用pthread_exit函數(shù)終止執(zhí)行，并返回一個指向某對象的指針。注意：絕不能用它返回一個指向局部變量的指針，因為線程調(diào)用該函數(shù)后，這個局部變量就不存在了，這將引起嚴重的程序漏洞。 
3.線程同步 
int pthread_join(pthread_t th, void **thread_return); 
參數(shù)說明： 
th：將要等待的線程，線程通過pthread_create返回的標(biāo)識符來指定。 
thread_return：一個指針，指向另一個指針，而后者指向線程的返回值。 

#include <pthread.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

void *thread_function(void *arg);

char message[] = "Hello World";

int main()
{
  int res;
  pthread_t a_thread;
  void *thread_result;

  res = pthread_create(&a_thread, NULL, thread_function, (void *)message);
  if (res != 0)
  {
    perror("Thread creation failed!");
    exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
  }

  printf("Waiting for thread to finish.../n");

  res = pthread_join(a_thread, &thread_result);
  if (res != 0)
  {
    perror("Thread join failed!/n");
    exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
  }

  printf("Thread joined, it returned %s/n", (char *)thread_result);
  printf("Message is now %s/n", message);

  exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}

void *thread_function(void *arg)
{
  printf("thread_function is running. Argument was %s/n", (char *)arg);
  sleep(3);
  strcpy(message, "Bye!");
  pthread_exit("Thank you for your CPU time!");
}

$./thread1[輸出]：
thread_function is running. Argument was Hello World
Waiting for thread to finish...
Thread joined, it returned Thank you for your CPU time!
Message is now Bye!