詳解Python3 中hasattr()、getattr()、setattr()、delattr()函數(shù)及示例代碼數(shù)
hasattr()函數(shù)
hasattr()函數(shù)用于判斷是否包含對應的屬性
語法:
hasattr(object,name)
參數(shù):
object--對象
name--字符串,屬性名
返回值:
如果對象有該屬性返回True,否則返回False
示例:
class People: country='China' def __init__(self,name): self.name=name def people_info(self): print('%s is xxx' %(self.name)) obj=People('aaa') print(hasattr(People,'country')) #返回值:True print('country' in People.__dict__) #返回值:True print(hasattr(obj,'people_info')) #返回值:True print(People.__dict__) ##{'__module__': '__main__', 'country': 'China', '__init__': <function People.__init__ at 0x1006d5620>, 'people_info': <function People.people_info at 0x10205d1e0>, '__dict__': <attribute '__dict__' of 'People' objects>, '__weakref__': <attribute '__weakref__' of 'People' objects>, '__doc__': None}
getattr()函數(shù)
描述:
getattr()函數(shù)用于返回一個對象屬性值
語法:
getattr(object,name,default)
參數(shù):
object--對象
name--字符串,對象屬性
default--默認返回值,如果不提供該參數(shù),在沒有對于屬性時,將觸發(fā)AttributeError。
返回值:
返回對象屬性值
class People: country='China' def __init__(self,name): self.name=name def people_info(self): print('%s is xxx' %(self.name)) obj=getattr(People,'country') print(obj) #返回值China #obj=getattr(People,'countryaaaaaa') #print(obj) #報錯 # File "/getattr()函數(shù).py", line 32, in <module> # obj=getattr(People,'countryaaaaaa') # AttributeError: type object 'People' has no attribute 'countryaaaaaa' obj=getattr(People,'countryaaaaaa',None) print(obj) #返回值None
setattr()函數(shù)
描述:
setattr函數(shù),用于設置屬性值,該屬性必須存在
語法:
setattr(object,name,value)
參數(shù):
object--對象
name--字符串,對象屬性
value--屬性值
返回值:
無
class People: country='China' def __init__(self,name): self.name=name def people_info(self): print('%s is xxx' %(self.name)) obj=People('aaa') setattr(People,'x',111) #等同于People.x=111 print(People.x) #obj.age=18 setattr(obj,'age',18) print(obj.__dict__) #{'name': 'aaa', 'age': 18} print(People.__dict__) #{'__module__': '__main__', 'country': 'China', '__init__': <function People.__init__ at 0x1007d5620>, 'people_info': <function People.people_info at 0x10215d1e0>, '__dict__': <attribute '__dict__' of 'People' objects>, '__weakref__': <attribute '__weakref__' of 'People' objects>, '__doc__': None, 'x': 111}
delattr()函數(shù)
描述:
delattr函數(shù)用于刪除屬性
delattr(x,'foobar)相當于del x.foobar
語法:
setattr(object,name)
參數(shù):
object--對象
name--必須是對象的屬性
返回值:
無
示例:
class People: country='China' def __init__(self,name): self.name=name def people_info(self): print('%s is xxx' %(self.name)) delattr(People,'country') #等同于del People.country print(People.__dict__) {'__module__': '__main__', '__init__': <function People.__init__ at 0x1006d5620>, 'people_info': <function People.people_info at 0x10073d1e0>, '__dict__': <attribute '__dict__' of 'People' objects>, '__weakref__': <attribute '__weakref__' of 'People' objects>, '__doc__': None}
補充示例:
class Foo: def run(self): while True: cmd=input('cmd>>: ').strip() if hasattr(self,cmd): func=getattr(self,cmd) func() def download(self): print('download....') def upload(self): print('upload...') # obj=Foo() # obj.run()
總結
以上所述是小編給大家介紹的詳解Python3 中hasattr()、getattr()、setattr()、delattr()函數(shù),希望對大家有所幫助,如果大家有任何疑問請給我留言,小編會及時回復大家的。在此也非常感謝大家對腳本之家網(wǎng)站的支持!
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