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Pyspider中給爬蟲(chóng)偽造隨機(jī)請(qǐng)求頭的實(shí)例

 更新時(shí)間：2018年05月07日 09:01:56   作者：冬日新雨  
今天小編就為大家分享一篇Pyspider中給爬蟲(chóng)偽造隨機(jī)請(qǐng)求頭的實(shí)例，具有很好的參考價(jià)值，希望對(duì)大家有所幫助。一起跟隨小編過(guò)來(lái)看看吧

Pyspider 中采用了 tornado 庫(kù)來(lái)做 http 請(qǐng)求，在請(qǐng)求過(guò)程中可以添加各種參數(shù)，例如請(qǐng)求鏈接超時(shí)時(shí)間，請(qǐng)求傳輸數(shù)據(jù)超時(shí)時(shí)間，請(qǐng)求頭等等，但是根據(jù)pyspider的原始框架，給爬蟲(chóng)添加參數(shù)只能通過(guò) crawl_config這個(gè)Python字典來(lái)完成(如下所示)，框架代碼將這個(gè)字典中的參數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)換成 task 數(shù)據(jù)，進(jìn)行http請(qǐng)求。這個(gè)參數(shù)的缺點(diǎn)是不方便給每一次請(qǐng)求做隨機(jī)請(qǐng)求頭。

crawl_config = {
"user_agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.3; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/52.0.2743.116 Safari/537.36",
"timeout": 120,
"connect_timeout": 60,
"retries": 5,
"fetch_type": 'js',
"auto_recrawl": True,
}

這里寫(xiě)出給爬蟲(chóng)添加隨機(jī)請(qǐng)求頭的方法：

1、編寫(xiě)腳本，將腳本放置在 pyspider 的 libs 文件夾下，命名為 header_switch.py

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
# Created on 2017-10-18 11:52:26
import random
import time
class HeadersSelector(object):
  """
  Header 中缺少幾個(gè)字段 Host 和 Cookie
  """
  headers_1 = {
    "Proxy-Connection": "keep-alive",
    "Pragma": "no-cache",
    "Cache-Control": "no-cache",
    "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.3; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/52.0.2743.116 Safari/537.36",
    "Accept": "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,*/*;q=0.8",
    "DNT": "1",
    "Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate, sdch",
    "Accept-Language": "zh-CN,zh;q=0.8,en-US;q=0.6,en;q=0.4",
    "Referer": "https://www.baidu.com/s?wd=%BC%96%E7%A0%81&rsv_spt=1&rsv_iqid=0x9fcbc99a0000b5d7&issp=1&f=8&rsv_bp=1&rsv_idx=2&ie=utf-8&rqlang=cn&tn=baiduhome_pg&rsv_enter=0&oq=If-None-Match&inputT=7282&rsv_t",
    "Accept-Charset": "gb2312,gbk;q=0.7,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.7",
  } # 網(wǎng)上找的瀏覽器
  headers_2 = {
    "Proxy-Connection": "keep-alive",
    "Pragma": "no-cache",
    "Cache-Control": "no-cache",
    "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/49.0.2623.221 Safari/537.36 SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0",
    "Accept": "image/gif,image/x-xbitmap,image/jpeg,application/x-shockwave-flash,application/vnd.ms-excel,application/vnd.ms-powerpoint,application/msword,*/*",
    "DNT": "1",
    "Referer": "https://www.baidu.com/link?url=c-FMHf06-ZPhoRM4tWduhraKXhnSm_RzjXZ-ZTFnPAvZN",
    "Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate, sdch",
    "Accept-Language": "zh-CN,zh;q=0.8,en-US;q=0.6,en;q=0.4",
  } # window 7 系統(tǒng)瀏覽器
  headers_3 = {
    "Proxy-Connection": "keep-alive",
    "Pragma": "no-cache",
    "Cache-Control": "no-cache",
    "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64; rv:52.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/52.0",
    "Accept": "image/x-xbitmap,image/jpeg,application/x-shockwave-flash,application/vnd.ms-excel,application/vnd.ms-powerpoint,application/msword,*/*",
    "DNT": "1",
    "Referer": "https://www.baidu.com/s?wd=http%B4%20Pragma&rsf=1&rsp=4&f=1&oq=Pragma&tn=baiduhome_pg&ie=utf-8&usm=3&rsv_idx=2&rsv_pq=e9bd5e5000010",
    "Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate, sdch",
    "Accept-Language": "zh-CN,zh;q=0.8,en-US;q=0.7,en;q=0.6",
  } # Linux 系統(tǒng) firefox 瀏覽器
  headers_4 = {
    "Proxy-Connection": "keep-alive",
    "Pragma": "no-cache",
    "Cache-Control": "no-cache",
    "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:55.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/55.0",
    "Accept": "*/*",
    "DNT": "1",
    "Referer": "https://www.baidu.com/link?url=c-FMHf06-ZPhoRM4tWduhraKXhnSm_RzjXZ-ZTFnP",
    "Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate, sdch",
    "Accept-Language": "zh-CN,zh;q=0.9,en-US;q=0.7,en;q=0.6",
  } # Win10 系統(tǒng) firefox 瀏覽器
  headers_5 = {
    "Connection": "keep-alive",
    "Pragma": "no-cache",
    "Cache-Control": "no-cache",
    "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64;) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/52.0.2743.116 Safari/537.36 Edge/15.15063",
    "Accept": "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,*/*;q=0.8",
    "Referer": "https://www.baidu.com/link?url=c-FMHf06-ZPhoRM4tWduhraKXhnSm_RzjXZ-",
    "Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate, sdch",
    "Accept-Language": "zh-CN,zh;q=0.9,en-US;q=0.7,en;q=0.6",
    "Accept-Charset": "gb2312,gbk;q=0.7,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.7",
  } # Win10 系統(tǒng) Chrome 瀏覽器
  headers_6 = {
    "Accept": "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,*/*;q=0.8",
    "Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate, sdch",
    "Accept-Language": "zh-CN,zh;q=0.8",
    "Pragma": "no-cache",
    "Cache-Control": "no-cache",
    "Connection": "keep-alive",
    "DNT": "1",
    "Referer": "https://www.baidu.com/s?wd=If-None-Match&rsv_spt=1&rsv_iqid=0x9fcbc99a0000b5d7&issp=1&f=8&rsv_bp=1&rsv_idx=2&ie=utf-8&rq",
    "Accept-Charset": "gb2312,gbk;q=0.7,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.7",
    "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/49.0.2623.221 Safari/537.36 SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0",
  } # win10 系統(tǒng)瀏覽器
  def __init__(self):
    pass
  def select_header(self):
    n = random.randint(1, 6)
    switch={
    1: self.headers_1
    2: self.headers_2
    3: self.headers_3
    4: self.headers_4
    5: self.headers_5
    6: self.headers_6
    }
    headers = switch[n]
    return headers

其中，我只寫(xiě)了6個(gè)請(qǐng)求頭，如果爬蟲(chóng)的量非常大，完全可以寫(xiě)更多的請(qǐng)求頭，甚至上百個(gè)，然后將 random的隨機(jī)范圍擴(kuò)大，進(jìn)行選擇。

2、在pyspider 腳本中編寫(xiě)如下代碼：

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- encoding: utf-8 -*-
# Created on 2017-08-18 11:52:26
from pyspider.libs.base_handler import *
from pyspider.addings.headers_switch import HeadersSelector
import sys
defaultencoding = 'utf-8'
if sys.getdefaultencoding() != defaultencoding:
  reload(sys)
  sys.setdefaultencoding(defaultencoding)
class Handler(BaseHandler):
  crawl_config = {
    "user_agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.3; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/52.0.2743.116 Safari/537.36",
    "timeout": 120,
    "connect_timeout": 60,
    "retries": 5,
    "fetch_type": 'js',
    "auto_recrawl": True,
  }
  @every(minutes=24 * 60)
  def on_start(self):
    header_slt = HeadersSelector()
    header = header_slt.select_header() # 獲取一個(gè)新的 header
    # header["X-Requested-With"] = "XMLHttpRequest"
    orig_
    self.crawl(orig_href,
          callback=self.index_page,
          headers=header) # 請(qǐng)求頭必須寫(xiě)在 crawl 里，cookies 從 response.cookies 中找
  @config(age=24 * 60 * 60)
  def index_page(self, response):
    header_slt = HeadersSelector()
    header = header_slt.select_header() # 獲取一個(gè)新的 header
    # header["X-Requested-With"] = "XMLHttpRequest"
    if response.cookies:
      header["Cookies"] = response.cookies

其中最重要的就是在每個(gè)回調(diào)函數(shù) on_start，index_page 等等 當(dāng)中，每次調(diào)用時(shí)，都會(huì)實(shí)例化一個(gè) header 選擇器，給每一次請(qǐng)求添加不一樣的 header。要注意添加的如下代碼：

    header_slt = HeadersSelector()
    header = header_slt.select_header() # 獲取一個(gè)新的 header
    # header["X-Requested-With"] = "XMLHttpRequest"
    header["Host"] = "www.baidu.com"
    if response.cookies:
      header["Cookies"] = response.cookies

當(dāng)使用 XHR 發(fā)送 AJAX 請(qǐng)求時(shí)會(huì)帶上 Header，常被用來(lái)判斷是不是 Ajax 請(qǐng)求， headers 要添加 {‘X-Requested-With': ‘XMLHttpRequest'} 才能抓取到內(nèi)容。

確定了 url 也就確定了請(qǐng)求頭中的 Host，需要按需添加，urlparse包里給出了根據(jù) url解析出 host的方法函數(shù)，直接調(diào)用netloc即可。

如果響應(yīng)中有 cookie，就需要將 cookie 添加到請(qǐng)求頭中。

如果還有別的偽裝需求，自行添加。

如此即可實(shí)現(xiàn)隨機(jī)請(qǐng)求頭，完。

以上這篇Pyspider中給爬蟲(chóng)偽造隨機(jī)請(qǐng)求頭的實(shí)例就是小編分享給大家的全部?jī)?nèi)容了，希望能給大家一個(gè)參考，也希望大家多多支持腳本之家。

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