Python面向對象類繼承和組合實例分析

更新時間：2018年05月28日 10:16:05 作者：吃柚子的小白

這篇文章主要介紹了Python面向對象類繼承和組合,結合實例形式分析了Python3面向對象繼承的原理、用法以及繼承與組合相關使用技巧,需要的朋友可以參考下

本文實例講述了Python面向對象類繼承和組合。分享給大家供大家參考，具體如下：

在python3中所有類默認繼承object,凡是繼承了object的類都成為新式類，以及該子類的子類Python3中所有的類都是新式類，沒有集成object類的子類成為經典類(在Python2中沒有集成object的類以及它的子類都是經典類

繼承式用來創(chuàng)建新的類的一種方式，好處是減少重復代碼

class People:
  def __init__(self,name,age):
    self.name=name
    self.age=age
  def walking(self):
    print('%s is walking ' %self.name)
  def talking(self):
    print('%s is talking '%self.name)
class Teacher(People):
  pass
class Student(People):
  pass
t1=Teacher('egon',18)
print(t1.name,t1.age)
t1.walking()
t1.talking()
s1=Student('xiaobai',22)
print(s1.name,s1.age)
s1.talking()
s1.walking()

執(zhí)行結果

egon 18
egon is walking
egon is talking
xiaobai 22
xiaobai is talking
xiaobai is walking

class People:
  def __init__(self,name,age,sex):
    self.name=name
    self.age=age
    self.sex=sex
  def walking(self):
    print('%s is walking ' %self.name)
  def talking(self):
    print('%s is talking '%self.name)
class Teacher(People):
  def __init__(self,name,age,sex,level,salary):
    People.__init__(name,age,sex)
    self.level=level
    self.salary=salary
  def teaching(self):
    People.talking(self)
    print('%s is teaching'%self.name)
class Student(People):
  def __init__(self,name,age,sex,group):
    People.__init__(name,age,sex)
    self.group=group
  def studying(self):
    People.talking(self)
    print('%s is studying'%self.name)

組合

class Date:
  def __init__(self,year,mon,day):
    self.year=year
    self.mon=mon
    self.day=day
  def tell_birth(self):
    print('出生于<%s>年 <%s>月 <%s>日'%(self.year,self.mon,self.day))
class Teacher:
  def __init__(self,name,age,sex,year,month,day):
    self.name=name
    self.age=age
    self.sex=sex
    self.birth=Date(year,month,day)
  def teaching(self):
    print('%s is teaching'%self.name)
class Student:
  def __init__(self,name,age,sex,year,mon,day):
    self.name=name
    self.age=age
    self.sex=sex
    self.birth=Date(year,mon,day)
  def studying(self):
    print('%s is studying'%self.name)
xiaobai=Student('xiaobai',22,'male','1995','3','16')
xiaobai.birth.tell_birth()

執(zhí)行結果

出生于<1995>年 <3>月 <16>日

繼承和組合

class People:
  def __init__(self,name,age,sex,year,mon,day):
    self.name=name
    self.age=age
    self.sex=sex
    self.birth=Date(year,mon,day)
  def walking(self):
    print('%s is walking ' %self.name)
  def talking(self):
    print('%s is talking '%self.name)
class Date:
  def __init__(self,year,mon,day):
    self.year=year
    self.mon=mon
    self.day=day
  def tell_birth(self):
    print('出生于<%s>年 <%s>月 <%s>日'%(self.year,self.mon,self.day))
class Teacher(People):
  def __init__(self,name,age,sex,level,salary,year,mon,day):
    People.__init__(self,name,age,sex,year,mon,day)
    self.level=level
    self.salary=salary
  def teaching(self):
    People.talking(self)
    print('%s is teaching'%self.name)
class Student(People):
  def __init__(self,name,age,sex,year,mon,day,group):
    People.__init__(self,name,age,sex,year,mon,day)
    self.group=group
  def studying(self):
    People.talking(self)
    print('%s is studying'%self.name)

父類要限制

1、子類必須有父類的方法

2、子類實現的方法必須跟父類的方法的名字一樣

import abc
class File(metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
  @abc.abstractclassmethod
  def read(self):
    pass
  @abc.abstractclassmethod
  def write(self):
    pass

更多關于Python相關內容感興趣的讀者可查看本站專題：《Python面向對象程序設計入門與進階教程》、《Python數據結構與算法教程》、《Python函數使用技巧總結》、《Python字符串操作技巧匯總》、《Python編碼操作技巧總結》及《Python入門與進階經典教程》

希望本文所述對大家Python程序設計有所幫助。

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