Django + Uwsgi + Nginx 實現(xiàn)生產(chǎn)環(huán)境部署的方法
如何在生產(chǎn)上部署Django?
Django的部署可以有很多方式,采用nginx+uwsgi的方式是其中比較常見的一種方式。
uwsgi介紹
uWSGI是一個Web服務(wù)器,它實現(xiàn)了WSGI協(xié)議、uwsgi、http等協(xié)議。Nginx中HttpUwsgiModule的作用是與uWSGI服務(wù)器進行交換。
要注意 WSGI / uwsgi / uWSGI 這三個概念的區(qū)分。
1.WSGI是一種Web服務(wù)器網(wǎng)關(guān)接口。它是一個Web服務(wù)器(如nginx,uWSGI等服務(wù)器)與web應(yīng)用(如用Flask框架寫的程序)通信的一種規(guī)范。
2.uwsgi是一種線路協(xié)議而不是通信協(xié)議,在此常用于在uWSGI服務(wù)器與其他網(wǎng)絡(luò)服務(wù)器的數(shù)據(jù)通信。
3.而uWSGI是實現(xiàn)了uwsgi和WSGI兩種協(xié)議的Web服務(wù)器。
4.uwsgi協(xié)議是一個uWSGI服務(wù)器自有的協(xié)議,它用于定義傳輸信息的類型(type of information),每一個uwsgi packet前4byte為傳輸信息類型描述,它與WSGI相比是兩樣?xùn)|西。
uwsgi性能非常高
uWSGI的主要特點如下
1.超快的性能
2.低內(nèi)存占用(實測為apache2的mod_wsgi的一半左右)
3.多app管理(終于不用冥思苦想下個app用哪個端口比較好了-.-)
4.詳盡的日志功能(可以用來分析app性能和瓶頸)
5.高度可定制(內(nèi)存大小限制,服務(wù)一定次數(shù)后重啟等)
總而言之uwgi是個部署用的好東東,正如uWSGI作者所吹噓的:
If you are searching for a simple wsgi-only server, uWSGI is not for you, but if you are building a real (production-ready) app that need to be rock-solid, fast and easy to distribute/optimize for various load-average, you will pathetically and morbidly fall in love (we hope) with uWSGI.
Uwsgi 安裝使用
# Install the latest stable release: pip install uwsgi # ... or if you want to install the latest LTS (long term support) release, pip install https://projects.unbit.it/downloads/uwsgi-lts.tar.gz
基本測試
Create a file called test.py:
# test.py def application(env, start_response): start_response('200 OK', [('Content-Type','text/html')]) return [b"Hello World"] # python3 #return ["Hello World"] # python2
運行
uwsgi --http :8000 --wsgi-file test.py
用uwsgi 啟動django
uwsgi --http :8000 --module mysite.wsgi
可以把參數(shù)寫到配置文件里
alex@alex-ubuntu:~/uwsgi-test$ more crazye-uwsgi.ini [uwsgi] http = :9000 #the local unix socket file than commnuincate to Nginx socket = 127.0.0.1:8001 # the base directory (full path) chdir = /home/alex/CrazyEye # Django's wsgi file wsgi-file = CrazyEye/wsgi.py # maximum number of worker processes processes = 4 #thread numbers startched in each worker process threads = 2 #monitor uwsgi status stats = 127.0.0.1:9191 # clear environment on exit vacuum = true
啟動
/usr/local/bin/uwsgi crazye-uwsgi.ini
Nginx安裝使用
sudo apt-get install nginx sudo /etc/init.d/nginx start # start nginx
為你的項目生成Nginx配置文件
You will need the uwsgi_params file, which is available in the nginx directory of the uWSGI distribution, or from https://github.com/nginx/nginx/blob/master/conf/uwsgi_params
Copy it into your project directory. In a moment we will tell nginx to refer to it.
Now create a file called mysite_nginx.conf, and put this in it:
# mysite_nginx.conf # the upstream component nginx needs to connect to upstream django { # server unix:///path/to/your/mysite/mysite.sock; # for a file socket server 127.0.0.1:8001; # for a web port socket (we'll use this first) } # configuration of the server server { # the port your site will be served on listen 8000; # the domain name it will serve for server_name .example.com; # substitute your machine's IP address or FQDN charset utf-8; # max upload size client_max_body_size 75M; # adjust to taste # Django media location /media { alias /path/to/your/mysite/media; # your Django project's media files - amend as required } location /static { alias /path/to/your/mysite/static; # your Django project's static files - amend as required } # Finally, send all non-media requests to the Django server. location / { uwsgi_pass django; include /path/to/your/mysite/uwsgi_params; # the uwsgi_params file you installed } }
This conf file tells nginx to serve up media and static files from the filesystem, as well as handle requests that require Django's intervention. For a large deployment it is considered good practice to let one server handle static/media files, and another handle Django applications, but for now, this will do just fine.
Symlink to this file from /etc/nginx/sites-enabled so nginx can see it:
sudo ln -s ~/path/to/your/mysite/mysite_nginx.conf /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/
Deploying static files
Before running nginx, you have to collect all Django static files in the static folder. First of all you have to edit mysite/settings.py adding:
STATIC_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "static/")
and then run
python manage.py collectstatic
此時啟動Nginx 和Uwsgi,你的django項目就可以實現(xiàn)高并發(fā)啦!
以上就是本文的全部內(nèi)容,希望對大家的學(xué)習(xí)有所幫助,也希望大家多多支持腳本之家。
- 使用Nginx+uWsgi實現(xiàn)Python的Django框架站點動靜分離
- 解決nginx+uwsgi部署Django的所有問題(小結(jié))
- 詳解Django+Uwsgi+Nginx的生產(chǎn)環(huán)境部署
- nginx+uwsgi啟動Django項目的詳細步驟
- 詳解Django+Uwsgi+Nginx 實現(xiàn)生產(chǎn)環(huán)境部署
- Centos部署django服務(wù)nginx+uwsgi的方法
- Django uwsgi Nginx 的生產(chǎn)環(huán)境部署詳解
- Nginx+Uwsgi+Django 項目部署到服務(wù)器的思路詳解
- centos7下基于nginx+uwsgi部署Django項目的實現(xiàn)
相關(guān)文章
python初學(xué)之用戶登錄的實現(xiàn)過程(實例講解)
下面小編就為大家分享一篇python初學(xué)之用戶登錄的實現(xiàn)過程(實例講解),具有很好的參考價值,希望對大家有所幫助。一起跟隨小編過來看看吧2017-12-12利用Python實現(xiàn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)運維自動化的實戰(zhàn)案例
Python作為一種簡潔而強大的編程語言,已經(jīng)成為網(wǎng)絡(luò)運維自動化的熱門選擇,本文將介紹如何利用Python實現(xiàn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)設(shè)備配置管理、監(jiān)控和故障排除等自動化任務(wù),并提供代碼示例,需要的朋友可以參考下2024-03-03Python使用Nocalhost并開啟debug調(diào)試的方法
Nocalhost是一種開發(fā)者工具,支持針對Kubernetes應(yīng)用程序進行調(diào)試和部署,這篇文章主要介紹了Python怎么使用Nocalhost并開啟debug,需要的朋友可以參考下2023-04-04