>>>r = requests.post('http://httpbin.org/post', data = {'key':'value'})

>>>payload = (('key1', 'value1'), ('key1', 'value2'))
>>>r = requests.post('http://httpbin.org/post', data=payload)
>>>print(r.text)
{
 ...
 "form": {
  "key1": [
   "value1",
   "value2"
  ]
 },
 ...
}

>>>import json

>>>url = 'https://api.github.com/some/endpoint'
>>>payload = {'some': 'data'}

>>>r = requests.post(url, data=json.dumps(payload))

>>>url = 'https://api.github.com/some/endpoint'
>>>payload = {'some': 'data'}

>>>r = requests.post(url, json=payload)

from scrapy.spider import CrawlSpider
from scrapy.selector import Selector
import scrapy
import json
class LaGou(CrawlSpider):
  name = 'myspider'
  def start_requests(self):
    yield scrapy.FormRequest(
      url='https://www.******.com/jobs/positionAjax.json?city=%E5%B9%BF%E5%B7%9E&needAddtionalResult=false',
      formdata={
        'first': 'true',#這里不能給bool類型的True，requests模塊中可以
        'pn': '1',#這里不能給int類型的1，requests模塊中可以
        'kd': 'python'
      },這里的formdata相當于requ模塊中的data，key和value只能是鍵值對形式
      callback=self.parse
    )
  def parse(self, response):
    datas=json.loads(response.body.decode())['content']['positionResult']['result']
    for data in datas:
      print(data['companyFullName'] + str(data['positionId']))

return [FormRequest(url="http://www.example.com/post/action",
          formdata={'name': 'John Doe', 'age': '27'},
          callback=self.after_post)]

return scrapy.FormRequest(url, formdata=(payload))

my_data = {'field1': 'value1', 'field2': 'value2'}
request = scrapy.Request( url, method='POST', 
             body=json.dumps(my_data), 
             headers={'Content-Type':'application/json'} )

class FormRequest(Request):

  def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
    formdata = kwargs.pop('formdata', None)
    if formdata and kwargs.get('method') is None:
      kwargs['method'] = 'POST'

    super(FormRequest, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)

    if formdata:
      items = formdata.items() if isinstance(formdata, dict) else formdata
      querystr = _urlencode(items, self.encoding)
      if self.method == 'POST':
        self.headers.setdefault(b'Content-Type', b'application/x-www-form-urlencoded')
        self._set_body(querystr)
      else:
        self._set_url(self.url + ('&' if '?' in self.url else '?') + querystr)
      ###


def _urlencode(seq, enc):
  values = [(to_bytes(k, enc), to_bytes(v, enc))
       for k, vs in seq
       for v in (vs if is_listlike(vs) else [vs])]
  return urlencode(values, doseq=1)

class Request(object_ref):

  def __init__(self, url, callback=None, method='GET', headers=None, body=None,
         cookies=None, meta=None, encoding='utf-8', priority=0,
         dont_filter=False, errback=None, flags=None):

    self._encoding = encoding # this one has to be set first
    self.method = str(method).upper()

def request(method, url, **kwargs):
  """Constructs and sends a :class:`Request <Request>`.

  :param method: method for the new :class:`Request` object.
  :param url: URL for the new :class:`Request` object.
  :param params: (optional) Dictionary or bytes to be sent in the query string for the :class:`Request`.
  :param data: (optional) Dictionary or list of tuples ``[(key, value)]`` (will be form-encoded), bytes, or file-like object to send in the body of the :class:`Request`.
  :param json: (optional) json data to send in the body of the :class:`Request`.
  :param headers: (optional) Dictionary of HTTP Headers to send with the :class:`Request`.
  :param cookies: (optional) Dict or CookieJar object to send with the :class:`Request`.
  :param files: (optional) Dictionary of ``'name': file-like-objects`` (or ``{'name': file-tuple}``) for multipart encoding upload.
    ``file-tuple`` can be a 2-tuple ``('filename', fileobj)``, 3-tuple ``('filename', fileobj, 'content_type')``
    or a 4-tuple ``('filename', fileobj, 'content_type', custom_headers)``, where ``'content-type'`` is a string
    defining the content type of the given file and ``custom_headers`` a dict-like object containing additional headers
    to add for the file.
  :param auth: (optional) Auth tuple to enable Basic/Digest/Custom HTTP Auth.
  :param timeout: (optional) How many seconds to wait for the server to send data
    before giving up, as a float, or a :ref:`(connect timeout, read
    timeout) <timeouts>` tuple.
  :type timeout: float or tuple
  :param allow_redirects: (optional) Boolean. Enable/disable GET/OPTIONS/POST/PUT/PATCH/DELETE/HEAD redirection. Defaults to ``True``.
  :type allow_redirects: bool
  :param proxies: (optional) Dictionary mapping protocol to the URL of the proxy.
  :param verify: (optional) Either a boolean, in which case it controls whether we verify
      the server's TLS certificate, or a string, in which case it must be a path
      to a CA bundle to use. Defaults to ``True``.
  :param stream: (optional) if ``False``, the response content will be immediately downloaded.
  :param cert: (optional) if String, path to ssl client cert file (.pem). If Tuple, ('cert', 'key') pair.
  :return: :class:`Response <Response>` object
  :rtype: requests.Response

  Usage::

   >>> import requests
   >>> req = requests.request('GET', 'http://httpbin.org/get')
   <Response [200]>
  """

  # By using the 'with' statement we are sure the session is closed, thus we
  # avoid leaving sockets open which can trigger a ResourceWarning in some
  # cases, and look like a memory leak in others.
  with sessions.Session() as session:
    return session.request(method=method, url=url, **kwargs)