快捷導(dǎo)航

Python編程深度學(xué)習(xí)繪圖庫(kù)之matplotlib

更新時(shí)間：2018年12月28日 10:47:49 作者：liumiaocn

今天小編就為大家分享一篇關(guān)于Python編程深度學(xué)習(xí)繪圖庫(kù)之matplotlib，小編覺(jué)得內(nèi)容挺不錯(cuò)的，現(xiàn)在分享給大家，具有很好的參考價(jià)值，需要的朋友一起跟隨小編來(lái)看看吧

matplotlib是python的一個(gè)開源的2D繪圖庫(kù)，它的原作者是John D. Hunter，因?yàn)樵谠O(shè)計(jì)上借鑒了matlab，所以成為matplotlib。和Pillow一樣是被廣泛使用的繪圖功能，而在深度學(xué)習(xí)相關(guān)的部分，matplotlib得寵的多。這篇文章將簡(jiǎn)單介紹一下如何安裝以及使用它來(lái)畫一些非常常見的統(tǒng)計(jì)圖形。

概要信息

注意事項(xiàng)：由于Python2支持到2020年，很多python庫(kù)都開始主要支持python3了，matplotlib的主分支也已經(jīng)是python3了。而這篇文章中為了簡(jiǎn)單，安裝和demo代碼依然是在python2.7上進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證的。

安裝

使用pip install即可直接安裝。安裝日志如下：

liumiaocn:tmp liumiao$ python -mpip install -U pip
Requirement already up-to-date: pip in /usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages (10.0.1)
liumiaocn:tmp liumiao$ 
liumiaocn:tmp liumiao$ python -mpip install -U matplotlib
Collecting matplotlib
 Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/61/38/d70e8bf77d5cb27d5f3595edd0b3978825063feadd023786d2591e393e6e/matplotlib-2.2.2-cp27-cp27m-macosx_10_6_intel.macosx_10_9_intel.macosx_10_9_x86_64.macosx_10_10_intel.macosx_10_10_x86_64.whl (13.7MB)
  100% |████████████████████████████████| 13.7MB 2.1MB/s 
Collecting pyparsing!=2.0.4,!=2.1.2,!=2.1.6,>=2.0.1 (from matplotlib)
 Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/6a/8a/718fd7d3458f9fab8e67186b00abdd345b639976bc7fb3ae722e1b026a50/pyparsing-2.2.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (56kB)
  100% |████████████████████████████████| 61kB 5.8MB/s 
Collecting backports.functools-lru-cache (from matplotlib)
 Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/03/8e/2424c0e65c4a066e28f539364deee49b6451f8fcd4f718fefa50cc3dcf48/backports.functools_lru_cache-1.5-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Collecting subprocess32 (from matplotlib)
 Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/fa/60/b50459f291cae6bc1d0ff711b75e5130684fd3949370fdba78f6c57c1903/subprocess32-3.5.2-cp27-cp27m-macosx_10_6_intel.whl
Collecting pytz (from matplotlib)
 Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/dc/83/15f7833b70d3e067ca91467ca245bae0f6fe56ddc7451aa0dc5606b120f2/pytz-2018.4-py2.py3-none-any.whl (510kB)
  100% |████████████████████████████████| 512kB 8.9MB/s 
Requirement not upgraded as not directly required: six>=1.10 in /usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages (from matplotlib) (1.11.0)
Collecting python-dateutil>=2.1 (from matplotlib)
 Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/cf/f5/af2b09c957ace60dcfac112b669c45c8c97e32f94aa8b56da4c6d1682825/python_dateutil-2.7.3-py2.py3-none-any.whl (211kB)
  100% |████████████████████████████████| 215kB 7.2MB/s 
Collecting kiwisolver>=1.0.1 (from matplotlib)
 Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/79/d8/94633718f3f77dcb638687a77ba199325a1cb158d2d4b00c9dc17f2b5c72/kiwisolver-1.0.1-cp27-cp27m-macosx_10_6_intel.macosx_10_9_intel.macosx_10_9_x86_64.macosx_10_10_intel.macosx_10_10_x86_64.whl (110kB)
  100% |████████████████████████████████| 112kB 5.9MB/s 
Collecting cycler>=0.10 (from matplotlib)
 Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/f7/d2/e07d3ebb2bd7af696440ce7e754c59dd546ffe1bbe732c8ab68b9c834e61/cycler-0.10.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Requirement not upgraded as not directly required: numpy>=1.7.1 in /usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages (from matplotlib) (1.14.5)
Requirement not upgraded as not directly required: setuptools in /usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages (from kiwisolver>=1.0.1->matplotlib) (39.2.0)
Installing collected packages: pyparsing, backports.functools-lru-cache, subprocess32, pytz, python-dateutil, kiwisolver, cycler, matplotlib
Successfully installed backports.functools-lru-cache-1.5 cycler-0.10.0 kiwisolver-1.0.1 matplotlib-2.2.2 pyparsing-2.2.0 python-dateutil-2.7.3 pytz-2018.4 subprocess32-3.5.2
liumiaocn:tmp liumiao$

確認(rèn)

liumiaocn:~ liumiao$ pip show matplotlib
Name: matplotlib
Version: 2.2.2
Summary: Python plotting package
Home-page: http://matplotlib.org
Author: John D. Hunter, Michael Droettboom
Author-email: matplotlib-users@python.org
License: BSD
Location: /usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages
Requires: pyparsing, backports.functools-lru-cache, subprocess32, pytz, six, python-dateutil, kiwisolver, cycler, numpy
Required-by: 
liumiaocn:~ liumiao$

使用

正弦函數(shù)

我們使用numpy和matplotlib可以非常簡(jiǎn)單地就能夠畫出正弦的波形圖，具體代碼如下：

liumiaocn:plot liumiao$ cat plot-1.py 
#!/usr/local/bin/python
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plot
print("y=sin(x): x with range fo -4pi to 4pi")
x=np.arange(-4*np.pi, 4*np.pi, 0.1)
y=np.sin(x)
#print sin
plot.plot(x,y)
plot.show()
liumiaocn:plot liumiao$

執(zhí)行&結(jié)果確認(rèn)

liumiaocn:plot liumiao$ python plot-1.py 
y=sin(x): x with range fo -4pi to 4pi

直方圖

最簡(jiǎn)單的直方圖的做法，可以通過(guò)bar或者h(yuǎn)ist來(lái)創(chuàng)建

liumiaocn:plot liumiao$ cat plot-2.py 
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
x = np.arange(7)
y = (10,15,24,7,14,30,20)
plt.bar(x,y)
plt.show()
liumiaocn:plot liumiao$

餅圖

使用pie函數(shù)創(chuàng)建餅圖

liumiaocn:plot liumiao$ cat plot-3.py 
#!/usr/local/bin/python
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
dateinf = '06/01', '06/02', '06/03', '06/04', '06/05', '06/06', '06/07'
bugnums = [11,22,7,29,24,15,18]
plt.pie(bugnums, labels=dateinf)
plt.show()
liumiaocn:plot liumiao$