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django基于存儲(chǔ)在前端的token用戶認(rèn)證解析

更新時(shí)間：2019年08月06日 14:51:03 作者：Maple_feng

這篇文章主要介紹了django基于存儲(chǔ)在前端的token用戶認(rèn)證解析,文中通過(guò)示例代碼介紹的非常詳細(xì)，對(duì)大家的學(xué)習(xí)或者工作具有一定的參考學(xué)習(xí)價(jià)值,需要的朋友可以參考下

一.前提

首先是這個(gè)代碼基于前后端分離的API,我們用了django的framework模塊,幫助我們快速的編寫(xiě)restful規(guī)則的接口

前端token原理:

把(token=加密后的字符串,key=name)在登入后發(fā)到客戶端,以后客戶端再發(fā)請(qǐng)求,會(huì)攜帶過(guò)來(lái)服務(wù)端截取(token=加密后的字符串,key=name),我們?cè)倮媒饷芊椒?將token和key進(jìn)行解碼,然后進(jìn)行比對(duì),成功就是登入過(guò)的認(rèn)證,失敗就是沒(méi)有登入過(guò)的

還有一種方式,把{name:maple,id:1} 用我自己知道的加密方式加密之后變成了:加密字符串,加密字符串|{name:maple,id:1} 當(dāng)做token,發(fā)到客戶端,以后客戶端再發(fā)請(qǐng)求,會(huì)攜帶,加密字符串|{name:maple,id:1}過(guò)來(lái),服務(wù)端截取{name:maple,id:1},再用我們的加密方式加密:加密字符串,拿到加密后的字符串進(jìn)行比對(duì),這種方式,只要寫(xiě)一個(gè)密碼函數(shù)就可以了,無(wú)需寫(xiě)解密函數(shù)

二.token加密與解密

在django的app中定義個(gè)token模塊

將有關(guān)token的函數(shù)都放在里面,后面要用到,都調(diào)用這個(gè)模塊

加密token函數(shù):

import time
import base64
import hmac
def get_token(key, expire=3600):
  '''
  :param key: str (用戶給定的key，需要用戶保存以便之后驗(yàn)證token,每次產(chǎn)生token時(shí)的key 都可以是同一個(gè)key)
  :param expire: int(最大有效時(shí)間，單位為s)
  :return: token
  '''
  ts_str = str(time.time() + expire)
  ts_byte = ts_str.encode("utf-8")
  sha1_tshexstr = hmac.new(key.encode("utf-8"),ts_byte,'sha1').hexdigest()
  token = ts_str+':'+sha1_tshexstr
  b64_token = base64.urlsafe_b64encode(token.encode("utf-8"))
  return b64_token.decode("utf-8")

解密函數(shù):

def out_token(key, token):
  '''
  :param key: 服務(wù)器給的固定key
  :param token: 前端傳過(guò)來(lái)的token
  :return: true,false
  '''
  # token是前端傳過(guò)來(lái)的token字符串
  try:
    token_str = base64.urlsafe_b64decode(token).decode('utf-8')
    token_list = token_str.split(':')
    if len(token_list) != 2:
      return False
    ts_str = token_list[0]
    if float(ts_str) < time.time():
      # token expired
      return False
    known_sha1_tsstr = token_list[1]
    sha1 = hmac.new(key.encode("utf-8"),ts_str.encode('utf-8'),'sha1')
    calc_sha1_tsstr = sha1.hexdigest()
    if calc_sha1_tsstr != known_sha1_tsstr:
      # token certification failed
      return False
    # token certification success
    return True
  except Exception as e:
    print(e)

三.視圖CBV

登入函數(shù):

from rest_framework.response import Response
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from app01 import models
# get_token生成加密token,out_token解密token
from app01.token_module import get_token,out_token
class AuthLogin(APIView):
  def post(self,request):
    response={"status":100,"msg":None}
    name=request.data.get("name")
    pwd=request.data.get("pwd")
    print(name,pwd)
    user=models.User.objects.filter(username=name,password=pwd).first()
    if user:
      # token=get_random(name)
      # 將name進(jìn)行加密,3600設(shè)定超時(shí)時(shí)間
      token=get_token(name,60)
      models.UserToken.objects.update_or_create(user=user,defaults={"token":token})
      response["msg"]="登入成功"
      response["token"]=token
      response["name"]=user.username
    else:
      response["msg"]="用戶名或密碼錯(cuò)誤"
    return Response(response)

登入后訪問(wèn)函數(shù):

from rest_framework.views import APIView
from app01 import models
from app01.serialize_module import BookSerialize
from app01.authentication_module import TokenAuth1,TokenAuth2
class Books(APIView):
  authentication_classes = [TokenAuth2]
  def get(self,request):
    response = {"status": 100, "msg": None}
    book_list=models.Book.objects.all()
    book_ser = BookSerialize(book_list, many=True)
    response["books"]=book_ser.data
    return Response(response)

路由:

from django.conf.urls import url
from django.contrib import admin
from app01 import views
urlpatterns = [
  url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
  url(r'^books/$', views.Books.as_view()),
  url(r'^login/$', views.AuthLogin.as_view()),
]

四.framework認(rèn)證功能

from rest_framework.authentication import BaseAuthentication
from app01 import models
from rest_framework.exceptions import NotAuthenticated
# get_token生成加密token,out_token解密token
from app01.token_module import get_token,out_token
# 存儲(chǔ)在前端的token解密比對(duì)
class TokenAuth2(BaseAuthentication):
  def authenticate(self,request):
    token=request.GET.get("token")
    name=request.GET.get("name")
    token_obj=out_token(name,token)
    if token_obj:
      return
    else:
      raise NotAuthenticated("你沒(méi)有登入")