#通過實(shí)例屬性 列表 字典構(gòu)造對(duì)應(yīng)的異常
class Human(object):
  def __init__(self, name, age, sex):
    self.name = name
    self.age = age
  def get_info(self):
    print("my name is %s,age is %s"%(self.name, self.age))
man1 = Human("李四", 22, "man")
list1 = [1, 2, 3]
dict1 = {"name":"張三", "age":12}

#異常捕獲的語法
try:
  man1.get_info1()
except AttributeError as e: #AttributeError為錯(cuò)誤類型，此種錯(cuò)誤的類型賦值給變量e;當(dāng)try與except之間的語句觸發(fā)
# AttributeError錯(cuò)誤時(shí)程序不會(huì)異常退出而是執(zhí)行except AttributeError下面的內(nèi)容
  print("this is a AttributeError:",e)
finally:
  print("this is finally")

try:
  man1.get_info()
  #list1[3]
  #dict1["sex"]
except AttributeError as e:
  print("this is a AttributeError:",e)
else:
  print("一切正常") #當(dāng)try與except之間內(nèi)容沒有觸發(fā)捕獲異常也沒有異常退出就會(huì)跳過except轉(zhuǎn)到執(zhí)行else下面的語句
finally:
  print("this is finally")#不論程序是否觸發(fā)異常，只要沒有退出都會(huì)執(zhí)行finally下面的內(nèi)容

try:
  list1[3]
  dict1["sex"]
except (IndexError, KeyError) as e: #當(dāng)需要捕獲多個(gè)異常在一條except時(shí)候可以使用這種語法，try與except之間語句觸發(fā)任意一個(gè)異常捕獲后就跳到except下面的語句繼續(xù)執(zhí)行
  print("this is a IndexError or KeyError:",e)

try:
  list1[3]
  dict1["sex"]
except IndexError as e:#當(dāng)需要分開捕獲多個(gè)異?？梢允褂枚鄺lexcept語句，try與except之間語句觸發(fā)任意一個(gè)異常捕獲后就跳到對(duì)應(yīng)except執(zhí)行其下面的語句，其余except不在繼續(xù)執(zhí)行
  print("this is a IndexError:",e)
except KeyError as e:
  print("this is a KeyError:",e)

try:
  man1.get_info1()
except IndexError as e:
  print("this is a IndexError:",e)
except Exception as e:
  print("this is a OtherError:",e)#可以使用except Exception來捕獲絕大部分異常而不必將錯(cuò)誤類型顯式全部寫出來

#自己定義異常
class Test_Exception(Exception):
  def __init__(self, message):
    self.message = message
try:
  man1.get_info()
  raise Test_Exception("自定義錯(cuò)誤")#自己定義的錯(cuò)誤需要在try與except之間手工觸發(fā)，錯(cuò)誤內(nèi)容為實(shí)例化傳入的參數(shù)
except Test_Exception as e:
  print(e)