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python 在threading中如何處理主進(jìn)程和子線程的關(guān)系

 更新時(shí)間:2020年04月25日 14:16:53   作者:chen_999876  
這篇文章主要介紹了python 在threading中如何處理主進(jìn)程和子線程的關(guān)系,具有很好的參考價(jià)值,希望對(duì)大家有所幫助。一起跟隨小編過來看看吧

之前用python的多線程,總是處理不好進(jìn)程和線程之間的關(guān)系。后來發(fā)現(xiàn)了join和setDaemon函數(shù),才終于弄明白。下面總結(jié)一下。

1.使用join函數(shù)后,主進(jìn)程會(huì)在調(diào)用join的地方等待子線程結(jié)束,然后才接著往下執(zhí)行。

join使用實(shí)例如下:

import time
import random
import threading
 
class worker(threading.Thread):
  def __init__(self): 
    threading.Thread.__init__(self) 
  def run(self):
    t = random.randint(1,10)
    time.sleep(t)
    print "This is " + self.getName() + ";I sleep %d second."%(t)
    
tsk = []
for i in xrange(0,5):
  time.sleep(0.1)
  thread = worker()
  thread.start()
  tsk.append(thread)
for tt in tsk:
  tt.join()
print "This is the end of main thread."

運(yùn)行結(jié)果如下:

# python testjoin.py 
This is Thread-3;I sleep 2 second.
This is Thread-1;I sleep 4 second.
This is Thread-2;I sleep 7 second.
This is Thread-4;I sleep 7 second.
This is Thread-5;I sleep 7 second.
This is the end of main thread.

這里創(chuàng)建了5個(gè)子線程,每個(gè)線程隨機(jī)等待1-10秒后打印退出;主線程分別等待5個(gè)子線程結(jié)束。最后結(jié)果是先顯示各個(gè)子線程,再顯示主進(jìn)程的結(jié)果。

2. 如果使用的setDaemon函數(shù),則與join相反,主進(jìn)程結(jié)束的時(shí)候不會(huì)等待子線程。

setDaemon函數(shù)使用實(shí)例:

import time
import random
import threading
 
class worker(threading.Thread):
  def __init__(self): 
    threading.Thread.__init__(self) 
  def run(self):
    t = random.randint(1,10)
    time.sleep(t)
    print "This is " + self.getName() + ";I sleep %d second."%(t)
    
tsk = []
for i in xrange(0,5):
  time.sleep(0.1)
  thread = worker()
  thread.setDaemon(True)
  thread.start()
  tsk.append(thread)
print "This is the end of main thread."

這里設(shè)置主進(jìn)程為守護(hù)進(jìn)程,當(dāng)主進(jìn)程結(jié)束的時(shí)候,子線程被中止

運(yùn)行結(jié)果如下:

#python testsetDaemon.py
This is the end of main thread.

3、如果沒有使用join和setDaemon函數(shù),則主進(jìn)程在創(chuàng)建子線程后,直接運(yùn)行后面的代碼,主程序一直掛起,直到子線程結(jié)束才能結(jié)束。

import time
import random
import threading
 
class worker(threading.Thread):
  def __init__(self): 
    threading.Thread.__init__(self) 
  def run(self):
    t = random.randint(1,10)
    time.sleep(t)
    print "This is " + self.getName() + ";I sleep %d second."%(t)
    
tsk = []
for i in xrange(0,5):
  time.sleep(0.1)
  thread = worker()
  thread.start()
  tsk.append(thread)
print "This is the end of main thread."

運(yùn)行結(jié)果如下:

# python testthread.py 
This is the end of main thread.
This is Thread-4;I sleep 1 second.
This is Thread-3;I sleep 7 second.
This is Thread-5;I sleep 7 second.
This is Thread-1;I sleep 10 second.
This is Thread-2;I sleep 10 second.

補(bǔ)充知識(shí):Python Thread和Process對(duì)比

原因:進(jìn)程和線程的差距(方向不同,之針對(duì)這個(gè)實(shí)例)

# coding=utf-8
import logging
import multiprocessing
import os
import time
from threading import Thread

logging.basicConfig(
  level=logging.INFO,
  format="%(asctime)s 【 %(process)d 】 %(processName)s %(message)s"
)


def func (i):
  # logging.info(f'子:{os.getpid()},\t{i}')
  return f'子:{os.getpid()},\t{i}'


def main (ctx):
  start01 = time.time()
  ts = [Thread(target=func, args=(i,)) for i in range(100)]
  [t.start() for t in ts]
  [t.join() for t in ts]
  end01 = time.time() - start01
  logging.info(f"線程花費(fèi)的時(shí)間:{end01}秒")
  
  start02 = time.time()
  ps = [ctx.Process(target=func, args=(i,)) for i in range(100)]
  [p.start() for p in ps]
  [p.join() for p in ps]
  end02 = time.time() - start02
  logging.info(f"進(jìn)程花費(fèi)的時(shí)間:{end02}秒")


if __name__ == '__main__':
  # windows 啟動(dòng)方式
  multiprocessing.set_start_method('spawn')
  # 獲取上下文
  ctx = multiprocessing.get_context('spawn')
  # 檢查這是否是凍結(jié)的可執(zhí)行文件中的偽分支進(jìn)程。
  ctx.freeze_support()
  main(ctx)

輸出:

2019-10-06 14:17:22,729 【 7412 】 MainProcess 線程花費(fèi)的時(shí)間:0.012967586517333984秒
2019-10-06 14:17:25,671 【 7412 】 MainProcess 進(jìn)程花費(fèi)的時(shí)間:2.9418249130249023秒

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