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Django+RestFramework API接口及接口文檔并返回json數(shù)據(jù)操作

更新時間：2020年07月12日 08:35:01 作者：xingjidemimi

這篇文章主要介紹了Django+RestFramework API接口及接口文檔并返回json數(shù)據(jù)操作，具有很好的參考價值，希望對大家有所幫助。一起跟隨小編過來看看吧

系統(tǒng)：ubuntu18.04 x64

GitHub：https://github.com/xingjidemimi/DjangoAPI.git

安裝

pip install django==2.1.5
pip install djangorestframework # rest api
pip install coreapi pygments markdown # 自動化接口文檔

API示例

創(chuàng)建django項(xiàng)目

django-admin startproject DjangoAPI

創(chuàng)建應(yīng)用

cd DjangoAPI

python manage.py startapp apiApp

項(xiàng)目代碼

修改settings.py，添加應(yīng)用到配置中

INSTALLED_APPS = [
 'django.contrib.admin',
 'django.contrib.auth',
 'django.contrib.contenttypes',
 'django.contrib.sessions',
 'django.contrib.messages',
 'django.contrib.staticfiles',
 'rest_framework', # 添加rest_framework應(yīng)用
 'apiApp', # 添加apiApp應(yīng)用
]

執(zhí)行數(shù)據(jù)庫遷移

python manage.py migrate

創(chuàng)建管理員，會提示輸入用戶名：ubuntu，郵箱：ubuntu@ubuntu.ubuntu，密碼：ubuntu123456

python manage.py createsuperuser

修改/api/models.py，創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)庫模型。

from django.db import models

class Test(models.Model):
 name = models.CharField(u'姓名', max_length=100, default='no_name')
 sex = models.CharField(u'性別', max_length=10, default='male')
 age = models.CharField(u'年齡', max_length=3, default='0')

 def __unicode__(self):
  return '%d: %s' % (self.pk, self.name)

創(chuàng)建模型后執(zhí)行：

python manage.py makemigrations # 生成數(shù)據(jù)庫遷移文件

python manage.py migrate # 執(zhí)行數(shù)據(jù)庫遷移

修改/api/admin.py，寫后臺管理代碼

from django.contrib import admin
from apiApp.models import Test
# Register your models here.

@admin.register(Test)
class BlogTypeAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
 list_display = ('pk', 'name') # 在后臺列表下顯示的字段

運(yùn)行項(xiàng)目

python manage.py runserver

出現(xiàn)如下內(nèi)容表明成功：

System check identified no issues (0 silenced).
January 23, 2019 - 08:28:09
Django version 2.1.5, using settings 'DjangoAPI.settings'
Starting development server at http://127.0.0.1:8000/
Quit the server with CONTROL-C.

瀏覽器輸入：

http://127.0.0.1:8000/ # 出現(xiàn)django成功的界面

http://127.0.0.1:8000/admin # 進(jìn)入管理后臺

序列化模型類，在/api/下創(chuàng)建serializers.py，返回json數(shù)據(jù)

from rest_framework import serializers
from apiApp.models import Test

class TestSerializers(serializers.ModelSerializer):
 class Meta:
  model = Test # 指定的模型類
  fields = ('pk', 'name', 'sex', 'age',) # 需要序列化的屬性

修改/api/views.py，視圖

from django.shortcuts import render
from rest_framework import viewsets
from apiApp.models import Test
from apiApp.serializers import TestSerializers


class TestViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
 # 指定結(jié)果集并設(shè)置排序
 queryset = Test.objects.all().order_by('-pk')
 # 指定序列化的類
 serializer_class = TestSerializers

修改/urls.py/，配置主路由

from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path, include

urlpatterns = [
 path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
 path('', include('apiApp.urls')), # 添加應(yīng)用的路由地址
]

在/api/下創(chuàng)建urls.py，配置應(yīng)用路由

from django.conf.urls import include
from django.urls import path
from rest_framework import routers
from apiApp import views
from rest_framework.documentation import include_docs_urls

API_TITLE = 'API Documents'
API_DESCRIPTION = 'API Information'


# 定義路由地址
route = routers.DefaultRouter()

# 注冊新的路由地址
route.register(r'test', views.TestViewSet)

# 注冊上一級的路由地址并添加
urlpatterns = [
 path('', include(route.urls)),
 # 接口文檔路由
 path(r'docs/', include_docs_urls(title=API_TITLE, description=API_DESCRIPTION, authentication_classes=[], permission_classes=[]))
]

運(yùn)行項(xiàng)目