Django用戶認(rèn)證系統(tǒng)如何實(shí)現(xiàn)自定義
自定義用戶認(rèn)證系統(tǒng)
Django 自帶的用戶認(rèn)證系統(tǒng)已經(jīng)可以滿足大部分的情況,但是有時(shí)候我們需要某些特定的需求。Django 支持使用其他認(rèn)證系統(tǒng)、也可以擴(kuò)展Django的User模塊,完全自定義新的認(rèn)證模塊。
參考:https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.0/topics/auth/customizing/
a、拷貝以下代碼到model文件中:
from django.db import models from django.contrib.auth.models import ( BaseUserManager, AbstractBaseUser ) class MyUserManager(BaseUserManager): def create_user(self, email, name, password=None): """ Creates and saves a User with the given email, date of birth and password. """ if not email: raise ValueError('Users must have an email address') user = self.model( email=self.normalize_email(email), name=name, ) user.set_password(password) user.save(using=self._db) return user def create_superuser(self, email, name, password): """ Creates and saves a superuser with the given email, date of birth and password. """ user = self.create_user( email, password=password, name=name, ) user.is_admin = True user.save(using=self._db) return user class UserProfile(AbstractBaseUser): '''賬號(hào)表''' email = models.EmailField( verbose_name='email address', max_length=255, unique=True, ) name = models.CharField(max_length=32) is_active = models.BooleanField(default=True) is_admin = models.BooleanField(default=False) objects = MyUserManager() USERNAME_FIELD = 'email' REQUIRED_FIELDS = ['name'] def __str__(self): return self.email def has_perm(self, perm, obj=None): "Does the user have a specific permission?" # Simplest possible answer: Yes, always return True def has_module_perms(self, app_label): "Does the user have permissions to view the app `app_label`?" # Simplest possible answer: Yes, always return True @property def is_staff(self): "Is the user a member of staff?" # Simplest possible answer: All admins are staff return self.is_admin
注意:email, name等字段都是可以自定義的
b、在admin.py中添加如下代碼:
from django import forms from django.contrib import admin from django.contrib.auth.models import Group from django.contrib.auth.admin import UserAdmin as BaseUserAdmin from django.contrib.auth.forms import ReadOnlyPasswordHashField from customauth.models import MyUser class UserCreationForm(forms.ModelForm): """A form for creating new users. Includes all the required fields, plus a repeated password.""" password1 = forms.CharField(label='Password', widget=forms.PasswordInput) password2 = forms.CharField(label='Password confirmation', widget=forms.PasswordInput) class Meta: model = MyUser fields = ('email', 'date_of_birth') def clean_password2(self): # Check that the two password entries match password1 = self.cleaned_data.get("password1") password2 = self.cleaned_data.get("password2") if password1 and password2 and password1 != password2: raise forms.ValidationError("Passwords don't match") return password2 def save(self, commit=True): # Save the provided password in hashed format user = super().save(commit=False) user.set_password(self.cleaned_data["password1"]) if commit: user.save() return user class UserChangeForm(forms.ModelForm): """A form for updating users. Includes all the fields on the user, but replaces the password field with admin's password hash display field. """ password = ReadOnlyPasswordHashField() class Meta: model = MyUser fields = ('email', 'password', 'date_of_birth', 'is_active', 'is_admin') def clean_password(self): # Regardless of what the user provides, return the initial value. # This is done here, rather than on the field, because the # field does not have access to the initial value return self.initial["password"] class UserAdmin(BaseUserAdmin): # The forms to add and change user instances form = UserChangeForm add_form = UserCreationForm # The fields to be used in displaying the User model. # These override the definitions on the base UserAdmin # that reference specific fields on auth.User. list_display = ('email', 'date_of_birth', 'is_admin') list_filter = ('is_admin',) fieldsets = ( (None, {'fields': ('email', 'password')}), ('Personal info', {'fields': ('date_of_birth',)}), ('Permissions', {'fields': ('is_admin',)}), ) # add_fieldsets is not a standard ModelAdmin attribute. UserAdmin # overrides get_fieldsets to use this attribute when creating a user. add_fieldsets = ( (None, { 'classes': ('wide',), 'fields': ('email', 'date_of_birth', 'password1', 'password2')} ), ) search_fields = ('email',) ordering = ('email',) filter_horizontal = () # Now register the new UserAdmin... admin.site.register(MyUser, UserAdmin) # ... and, since we're not using Django's built-in permissions, # unregister the Group model from admin. admin.site.unregister(Group)
C、 在settings.py中添加配置:
AUTH_USER_MODEL = 'customauth.MyUser' #customauth指APP name, MyUser指自定義的用戶表model類
(這個(gè)時(shí)候仍然可以使用django.contrib.auth import authenticate,login,logout 等認(rèn)證方法,只是保存數(shù)據(jù)的表不一樣)
D、創(chuàng)建超級(jí)用戶
首先我們要新建一個(gè)用戶名,用來(lái)登陸管理網(wǎng)站,可以使用如下命令:
python manage.py createsuperuser
輸入想要使用的用戶名:
Username (leave blank to use 'administrator'): user01
輸入email:
Email address: (在這里輸入你的自己的郵箱帳號(hào))
輸入密碼,需要輸入兩次,并且輸入密碼時(shí)不會(huì)顯示出來(lái):
Password:
Password (again):
當(dāng)兩次密碼都相同的時(shí)候,就會(huì)提示超級(jí)帳號(hào)創(chuàng)建成功。
Superuser created successfully.
E、使用:
用前一步創(chuàng)建的用戶,登陸后臺(tái)管理系統(tǒng)http://0.0.0.0:8081/admin/
以上就是本文的全部?jī)?nèi)容,希望對(duì)大家的學(xué)習(xí)有所幫助,也希望大家多多支持腳本之家。
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