Python根據(jù)URL地址下載文件并保存至對應目錄的實現(xiàn)

更新時間：2020年11月15日 15:25:25 作者：媽噠好氣哦

這篇文章主要介紹了Python根據(jù)URL地址下載文件并保存至對應目錄的實現(xiàn),文中通過示例代碼介紹的非常詳細，對大家的學習或者工作具有一定的參考學習價值，需要的朋友們下面隨著小編來一起學習學習吧

引言

在編程中經(jīng)常會遇到圖片等數(shù)據(jù)集將圖片等數(shù)據(jù)以URL形式存儲在txt文檔中，為便于后續(xù)的分析，需要將其下載下來，并按照文件夾分類存儲。本文以Github中Alexander Kim提供的圖片分類數(shù)據(jù)集為例，下載其提供的圖片樣本并分類保存

Python 3.6.5，Anaconda， VSCode

1. 下載數(shù)據(jù)集文件

建立項目文件夾，下載上述Github項目中的raw_data文件夾，并保存至項目目錄中。

在這里插入圖片描述

2. 獲取樣本文件位置

編寫get_doc_path.py，根據(jù)根目錄位置，獲取目錄及其子目錄所有數(shù)據(jù)集文件

import os


def get_file(root_path, all_files={}):
  '''
  遞歸函數(shù)，遍歷該文檔目錄和子目錄下的所有文件，獲取其path
  '''
  files = os.listdir(root_path)
  for file in files:
    if not os.path.isdir(root_path + '/' + file):  # not a dir
      all_files[file] = root_path + '/' + file
    else: # is a dir
      get_file((root_path+'/'+file), all_files)
  return all_files


if __name__ == '__main__':
  path = './raw_data'
  print(get_file(path))

3. 下載文件

3.1 讀取url列表并

for filename, path in paths.items():
    print('reading file: {}'.format(filename))
    with open(path, 'r') as f:
      lines = f.readlines()
      url_list = []
      for line in lines:
        url_list.append(line.strip('\n'))
      print(url_list)

3.2 創(chuàng)建文件夾

foldername = "./picture_get_by_url/pic_download/{}".format(filename.split('.')[0])
if not os.path.exists(folder_path):
    print("Selected folder not exist, try to create it.")
    os.makedirs(folder_path)

3.3 下載圖片

def get_pic_by_url(folder_path, lists):
  if not os.path.exists(folder_path):
    print("Selected folder not exist, try to create it.")
    os.makedirs(folder_path)
  for url in lists:
    print("Try downloading file: {}".format(url))
    filename = url.split('/')[-1]
    filepath = folder_path + '/' + filename
    if os.path.exists(filepath):
      print("File have already exist. skip")
    else:
      try:
        urllib.request.urlretrieve(url, filename=filepath)
      except Exception as e:
        print("Error occurred when downloading file, error message:")
        print(e)

4. 完整源碼

4.1 get_doc_path.py

import os


def get_file(root_path, all_files={}):
  '''
  遞歸函數(shù)，遍歷該文檔目錄和子目錄下的所有文件，獲取其path
  '''
  files = os.listdir(root_path)
  for file in files:
    if not os.path.isdir(root_path + '/' + file):  # not a dir
      all_files[file] = root_path + '/' + file
    else: # is a dir
      get_file((root_path+'/'+file), all_files)
  return all_files


if __name__ == '__main__':
  path = './raw_data'
  print(get_file(path))

4.2 get_pic.py

import get_doc_path
import os
import urllib.request


def get_pic_by_url(folder_path, lists):
  if not os.path.exists(folder_path):
    print("Selected folder not exist, try to create it.")
    os.makedirs(folder_path)
  for url in lists:
    print("Try downloading file: {}".format(url))
    filename = url.split('/')[-1]
    filepath = folder_path + '/' + filename
    if os.path.exists(filepath):
      print("File have already exist. skip")
    else:
      try:
        urllib.request.urlretrieve(url, filename=filepath)
      except Exception as e:
        print("Error occurred when downloading file, error message:")
        print(e)


if __name__ == "__main__":
  root_path = './picture_get_by_url/raw_data'
  paths = get_doc_path.get_file(root_path)
  print(paths)
  for filename, path in paths.items():
    print('reading file: {}'.format(filename))
    with open(path, 'r') as f:
      lines = f.readlines()
      url_list = []
      for line in lines:
        url_list.append(line.strip('\n'))
      foldername = "./picture_get_by_url/pic_download/{}".format(filename.split('.')[0])
      get_pic_by_url(foldername, url_list)

4.3 運行結(jié)果

執(zhí)行get_pic.py
當程序意外停止或再次執(zhí)行時，程序會自動跳過文件夾中已下載的文件，繼續(xù)下載未下載的內(nèi)容

{‘urls_drawings.txt': ‘./picture_get_by_url/raw_data/drawings/urls_drawings.txt', ‘urls_hentai.txt': ‘./picture_get_by_url/raw_data/hentai/urls_hentai.txt', ‘urls_neutral.txt': ‘./picture_get_by_url/raw_data/neutral/urls_neutral.txt', ‘urls_porn.txt': ‘./picture_get_by_url/raw_data/porn/urls_porn.txt', ‘urls_sexy.txt': ‘./picture_get_by_url/raw_data/sexy/urls_sexy.txt'}
reading file: urls_drawings.txt
Try downloading file: http://41.media.tumblr.com/xxxxxx.jpg
Try downloading file: http://41.media.tumblr.com/xxxxxx.jpg
Try downloading file: http://ak1.polyvoreimg.com/cgi/img-thing/size/l/tid/xxxxxx.jpg
Error occurred when downloading file, error message:
HTTP Error 502: No data received from server or forwarder
Try downloading file: http://akicocotte.weblike.jp/gaugau/xxxxxx.jpg
Try downloading file: http://animewriter.files.wordpress.com/2009/01/nagisa-xxxxxx-xxxxxx.jpg
Try downloading file: http://cdn.awwni.me/xxxxxx.jpg
Try downloading file: http://cdn.awwni.me/xxxxxx.jpg
Try downloading file: http://cdn.awwni.me/xxxxxx.jpg
Try downloading file: http://cdn.awwni.me/xxxxxx.jpg
Try downloading file: http://cdn.awwni.me/xxxxxx.jpg
Try downloading file: http://cdn.awwni.me/xxxxxx.jpg
Try downloading file: http://cdn.awwni.me/xxxxxx.jpg
Try downloading file: http://cdn.awwni.me/xxxxxx.jpg
Try downloading file: http://cdn.awwni.me/xxxxxx.jpg
Try downloading file: http://cdn.awwni.me/xxxxxx.jpg
Try downloading file: http://cdn.awwni.me/xxxxxx.jpg
Try downloading file: http://cdn.awwni.me/xxxxxx.jpg
Try downloading file: http://cdn.awwni.me/xxxxxx.jpg
Try downloading file: http://cdn.awwni.me/xxxxxx.jpg
Try downloading file: http://cdn.awwni.me/xxxxxx.jpg
Try downloading file: http://cdn.awwni.me/xxxxxx.jpg
Try downloading file: http://cdn.awwni.me/xxxxxx.jpg