str1 = "hello world!"
print(str1[::-1])

from functools import reduce
str1 = "hello world!"
print(reduce(lambda x, y : y+x, str1))

str1 = "123455"
def fun(string):
  print("%s" % string == string[::-1] and "YES" or "NO")
if __name__ == '__main__':
  fun(str1)

str1 = "i love you!"
print(str1.title())# 單詞首字母大寫
print(str1.upper())# 所有字母大寫
print(str1.lower())# 所有字母小寫
print(str1.capitalize())# 字符串首字母大寫

str1 = "i love you!"
print(str1.split())
# print(str1.split('\')) 則是以\為分隔符拆分

str1 = " i love you! "
print(str1.strip())

str1 = ["123", "123", "123"]
print(''.join(str1))

str1 = "python"
list1 = [1, 2, 3]
# 乘法表述
print(str1 * 2)
print(list1 * 2)
# 輸出
# pythonpython
# [1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3]

#加法表述
str1 = "python"
list1 = [1, 2, 3]
str1_1 = ""
list1_1 = []
for i in range(2):
  str1_1 += str1
  list1_1.append(list1)
print(str1_1)
print(list1_1)
# 輸出同上

# 修改每個列表的值
list1 = [2, 2, 2, 2]
print([x * 2 for x in list1])
# 展開列表
list2 = [[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6], [1]]
print([i for k in list2 for i in k])
# 輸出 [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 1]

x = 1
y = 2
x, y = y, x

from collections import Counter
list1 = ['1', '1', '2', '3', '1', '4']
count = Counter(list1)
print(count)
# 輸出 Counter({'1': 3, '2': 1, '3': 1, '4': 1})
print(count['1'])
# 輸出 3
print(count.most_common(1))# 出現最多次數的 
# [('1', 3)]

str1 = "123456"
# 方法一
list_1 = list(map(int, str1))
#方法二
list_2 = [int(i) for i in str1]

str1 = "123456"
list1 = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
for i, j in enumerate(str1):
  print(i, j)
'''
輸出
0 1
1 2
2 3
3 4
4 5
5 6
'''
str1 = "123456"
list1 = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
for i, j in enumerate(list1):
  print(i, j)
# 輸出同上

import time
start = time.time()
for i in range(1999999):
  continue
end = time.time()
print(end - start)
# 輸出 0.08042168617248535

import sys
str1 = "123456"
print(sys.getsizeof(str1))
# 輸出 55

dirt1 = {'a':2, 'b': 3}
dirt2 = {'c':3, 'd': 5}
# 方法一
combined_dict = {**dirt1, **dirt2}
print(combined_dict)
# 輸出 {'a': 2, 'b': 3, 'c': 3, 'd': 5}
# 方法二
dirt1 = {'a':2, 'b': 3}
dirt2 = {'c':3, 'd': 5}
dirt1.update(dirt2)
print(dirt1)
# 輸出同上

list1 = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
print('%s' % len(list1) == len(set(list1)) and "NO" or "YES")