Python實現(xiàn)學生管理系統(tǒng)的代碼(JSON模塊)

更新時間：2021年04月08日 10:34:10 作者：stan Z

這篇文章主要介紹了Python實現(xiàn)學生管理系統(tǒng)的代碼(JSON模塊),本文通過實例代碼給大家介紹的非常詳細，對大家的學習或工作具有一定的參考借鑒價值，需要的朋友可以參考下

構(gòu)思

學生管理系統(tǒng) 應該包含老師注冊登錄管理學生信息（增刪改查）還有數(shù)據(jù)持久化

因為數(shù)據(jù)存入JSON文件增刪改查都需要讀取和修改文件
所以需要一個讀寫文件的方法文件 file_manager
密碼加密可以用到哈希模塊文件 tools
老師和學生的類文件 model
程序入口（主頁）文件index
核心增刪改查文件 student_manager

file_manager.py

"""
Project: ClassStudent
Creator: 貓貓
Create time: 2021-02-25 20:23
IDE: PyCharm
Introduction:https://blog.csdn.net/Cantevenl/article/details/115439530
"""
base_dir = 'files/'  # 定義一個變量 文件路徑


# 讀文件的函數(shù)
def read_file(file_name):
    try:
        with open(base_dir + file_name, 'r', encoding='utf8') as file:
            content = file.read()
            return content
    except FileNotFoundError:
        print('文件未找到')


def write_json(file_name, data):
    with open(base_dir + file_name, 'w', encoding='utf8') as file:
        import json
        json.dump(data, file)


def read_json(file_name, default_data):
    try:
        with open(base_dir + file_name, 'r', encoding='utf8') as file:
            import json
            return json.load(file)
    except FileNotFoundError:
        # print('文件未找到')
        return default_data

tools.py

"""
Project: ClassStudent
Creator: 貓貓
Create time: 2021-02-25 20:24
IDE: PyCharm
Introduction:https://blog.csdn.net/Cantevenl/article/details/115439530
"""
# 加密密碼
import hashlib

def encrypt_password(passwd, x='zhumaogouniu'):
    h = hashlib.sha256()
    h.update(passwd.encode('utf8'))
    h.update(x.encode('utf8'))
    return h.hexdigest()

model.py

"""
Project: ClassStudent
Creator: 貓貓
Create time: 2021-02-25 20:24
IDE: PyCharm
Introduction:https://blog.csdn.net/Cantevenl/article/details/115439530
"""
# 創(chuàng)建一個老師對象
class Teacher(object):
    def __init__(self, name, password):
        import tools
        self.name = name
        self.password = tools.encrypt_password(password)

class Student(object):
    def __init__(self, s_id, name, age, gender, tel):
        self.s_id = s_id
        self.name = name
        self.age = age
        self.gender = gender
        self.tel = tel

index.py

"""
Project: ClassStudent
Creator: 貓貓
Create time: 2021-02-25 20:25
IDE: PyCharm
Introduction:https://blog.csdn.net/Cantevenl/article/details/115439530
"""
import sys
import file_manager  # 導入自己寫的讀取文件模塊
import model
import student_manager

def register():
    # 讀取文件,查看文件里是否有數(shù)據(jù)。如果文件不存在，默認是一個字典
    data = file_manager.read_json('data.json', {})
    while True:
        teacher_name = input('請輸入賬號(3~6位):')
        if not 2 <= len(teacher_name) <= 6:
            print('賬號不符合要求,請重新輸入!')
        else:
            break
    if teacher_name in data:
        print('注冊失敗!該賬號已經(jīng)被注冊!')
        return

    while True:
        password = input('請輸入密碼(6~12位):')
        if not 6 <= len(password) <= 12:
            print('密碼不符合要求,請重新輸入!')
        else:
            break

    # 用戶名密碼都已經(jīng)輸入正確以后 將用戶名和密碼以key:value形式儲存
    # 可以創(chuàng)建一個teacher對象
    t = model.Teacher(teacher_name, password)
    data[t.name] = t.password
    file_manager.write_json('data.json', data)

def login():
    # 讀取文件,查看文件里是否有數(shù)據(jù)。如果文件不存在，默認是一個字典
    data = file_manager.read_json('data.json', {})
    teacher_name = input('請輸入老師賬號:')

    if teacher_name not in data:
        print('登錄失敗!該賬號沒有注冊!')
        return
    password = input('請輸入密碼:')
    import tools
    if data[teacher_name] == tools.encrypt_password(password):
        student_manager.name = teacher_name
        print('登錄成功')
        student_manager.show_manager()
    else:
        print('密碼錯誤,登陸失敗!')

def start():
    content = file_manager.read_file('welcome.txt')
    while True:
        operate = input(content + '\n請選擇(1-3)：')
        if operate == '1':
            print('登錄')
            login()
        elif operate == '2':
            print('注冊')
            register()
        elif operate == '3':
            print('退出')
            # break   # 把循環(huán)退出
            # exit(0)   # 退出整個程序
            sys.exit(0)  # 退出程序
        else:
            print('輸入有誤！')

if __name__ == '__main__':
    start()

student_manager.py

"""
Project: ClassStudent
Creator: 貓貓
Create time: 2021-02-25 20:26
IDE: PyCharm
Introduction:https://blog.csdn.net/Cantevenl/article/details/115439530
"""
import file_manager
import model

name = ''


# 添加
def add_student():
    x = file_manager.read_json(name + '.json', {})
    if not x:
        students = []
        num = 0
    else:
        students = x['all_student']
        # s_id通過json字典里的num來生成
        num = int(x['num'])
    while True:
        s_name = input('請輸入學生姓名:')
        s_age = input('請輸入年齡:')
        s_gender = input('請輸入性別:')
        s_tel = input('請輸入電話號碼:')

        num += 1
        # 字符串的zfill方法，在字符串的前面補0
        s_id = 'student_id_' + str(num).zfill(3)

        # 創(chuàng)建一個Student對象
        s = model.Student(s_id, s_name, s_age, s_gender, s_tel)

        students.append(s.__dict__)
        # 拼接字典
        data = {'all_student': students, 'num': len(students)}
        # 把數(shù)據(jù)寫入到文件里 以老師名字.json 把data寫進去
        file_manager.write_json(name + '.json', data)
        choice = input('添加成功!\n1.繼續(xù)\n2.返回\n請選擇(1-2):')
        if choice == '2':
            break


# 顯示 查找
def show_student():
    choice = input('1.查看所有學生\n2.根據(jù)姓名查找\n3.根據(jù)學號查找\n其他:返回\n請選擇:')
    students = file_manager.read_json(name + '.json', {})
    
    all_students = students.get('all_student', [])  # get拿列表里的數(shù)據(jù)，拿不到默認是一個空列表[]
    if not all_students:
        print('該老師沒有學生，請?zhí)砑訉W生')
        return

    if choice == '1':  # 查看所有學生
        pass
    elif choice == '2':  # 根據(jù)姓名查看
        s_name = input('請輸入學生的姓名:')
        all_students = filter(lambda s: s['name'] == s_name, all_students)  # students就只保留了指定名字的學生
    elif choice == '3':  # 學號查找
        s_id = input('請輸入學生的學號:')
        all_students = filter(lambda s: s['s_id'] == s_id, all_students)
    else:
        return

    if not students:
        print('未找到學生')
        return

    for student in all_students:
        print('學號:{s_id},姓名:{name},性別:{gender},年齡{age},電話號碼{tel}'.format(**student))


# 修改
def modify_student():
    key = value = ''
    m = file_manager.read_json(name + '.json', {})
    all_students = m.get('all_student', [])

    if not all_students:
        print('該老師沒有學生,請?zhí)砑訉W生')
        return

    modify = input('1.根據(jù)姓名修改\n2.根據(jù)學號修改\n其他:返回\n請選擇:')
    if modify == '1':
        value = input('請輸入要修改的學生名字:')
        key = 'name'

    elif modify == '2':
        value = input('請輸入要修改的學生學號:')
        key = 's_id'

    else:
        return

    students = list(filter(lambda s: s[key] == value, all_students))
    if not all_students:
        print('沒有找到對應的學生')
        return

    for i, student in enumerate(students):
        print('{xiabiao} 學號:{s_id},姓名:{name},性別:{gender},年齡{age},電話號碼{tel}'.format(xiabiao=i, **student))

    n = int(input('請輸入需要修改的學生的標號(0~{}),q-->返回:'.format(len(students) - 1)))

    if not 0 <= n <= len(students):
        print('輸入的內(nèi)容錯誤')
        return

    all_students.remove(students[n])

    students[n]['s_id'] = new_input((students[n]['s_id']), "請輸入修改后的學生學號[回車則不修改]:")
    students[n]['name'] = new_input((students[n]['name']), "請輸入修改后的學生姓名[回車則不修改]:")
    students[n]['gender'] = new_input((students[n]['gender']), "請輸入修改后的學生性別[回車則不修改]:")
    students[n]['age'] = new_input((students[n]['age']), "請輸入修改后的學生年齡[回車則不修改]:")
    students[n]['tel'] = new_input((students[n]['tel']), "請輸入修改后的學生電話號碼[回車則不修改]:")
    all_students.append(students[n])
    print(all_students)
    m['all_student'] = all_students
    file_manager.write_json(name + '.json', m)


# 刪除
def delete_student():
    y = file_manager.read_json(name + '.json', {})
    all_students = y.get('all_student', [])
    key = value = ''

    if not all_students:
        print('該老師沒有學生，請?zhí)砑訉W生')
        return

    num = input('1.按照姓名刪除\n2.按照學號刪除\n其他:返回\n請選擇:')
    if num == '1':
        key = 'name'
        value = input('請輸入要刪除的學生名字:')

    elif num == '2':
        key = 's_id'
        value = input('請輸入要刪除的學生學號:')
    else:
        return

    students = list(filter(lambda s: s.get(key, '') == value, all_students))
    if not students:
        print('沒有找到對應的學生')
        return

    for i, student in enumerate(students):
        print('{xiabiao} 學號:{s_id},姓名:{name},性別:{gender},年齡{age},電話號碼{tel}'.format(xiabiao=i, **student))

    n = input('請輸入需要刪除的學生的標號(0~{}),q-->返回:'.format(len(students) - 1))

    if not n.isdigit() or not 0 <= int(n) <= len(students):
        print('輸入的內(nèi)容錯誤')
        return

    # 將學生從all_students里刪除
    # all_students.pop(n)
    all_students.remove(students[int(n)])

    # 更新新的名單
    y['all_student'] = all_students
    file_manager.write_json(name + '.json', y)


# 顯示管理頁面
def show_manager():
    content = file_manager.read_file('students_page.txt') % name
    while True:
        print(content)
        operate = input('請選擇(1-5):')
        if operate == '1':
            add_student()
        elif operate == '2':
            show_student()
        elif operate == '3':
            modify_student()
        elif operate == '4':
            delete_student()
        elif operate == '5':
            break
        else:
            print('輸入錯誤!')


# 修改時用的input方法
def new_input(old, new):
    input_str = input(new)

    if len(input_str) > 0:
        return input_str
    else:
        return old

美化文本

通過自己寫的讀取文件方法可以直接讀取文本（類似界面）

welcome.txt

================================
    ** 歡迎來到學生管理系統(tǒng)**

           1. 登    錄
           2. 注    冊
           3. 退    出
    **                    **
================================

students_page.txt

================================
❀❀ 歡迎%s老師進入學生管理系統(tǒng):

         1.  添加學生
         2.  查看學生
         3.  修改學生信息
         4.  刪除學生
         5.  返回
❀❀                          ❀❀
================================

執(zhí)行效果

在這里插入圖片描述