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教你如何使用Python Tkinter庫制作記事本

更新時間：2021年06月10日 09:57:56 作者：allway2

讓我們看看如何使用 Tkinter 在 Python 中創(chuàng)建一個簡單的記事本.這個記事本 GUI 將包含各種菜單,如文件和編輯,使用這些菜單可以完成保存文件、打開文件、編輯、剪切和粘貼等所有功能,需要的朋友可以參考下

Tkinter庫制作記事本

現(xiàn)在為了創(chuàng)建這個記事本，你的系統(tǒng)中應(yīng)該已經(jīng)安裝了 Python 3 和 Tkinter。您可以根據(jù)系統(tǒng)要求下載合適的python 包。成功安裝 python 后，您需要安裝 Tkinter（一個 Python 的 GUI 包）。

使用此命令安裝 Tkinter ：

pip install python-tk

導(dǎo)入 Tkinter ：

import tkinter
import os
from tkinter import *
from tkinter.messagebox import *
from tkinter.filedialog import *

注意： messagebox用于在稱為記事本的白框中寫入消息，filedialog用于在您從系統(tǒng)中的任何位置打開文件或?qū)⑽募４嬖谔囟ㄎ恢没蛭恢脮r出現(xiàn)的對話框。

添加菜單：

# Add controls(widget) 
  
self.__thisTextArea.grid(sticky = N + E + S + W) 
  
# To open new file 
self.__thisFileMenu.add_command(label = "New", 
                                command = self.__newFile) 
  
# To open a already existing file 
self.__thisFileMenu.add_command(label = "Open", 
                                command = self.__openFile) 
  
# To save current file 
self.__thisFileMenu.add_command(label = "Save", 
                                command = self.__saveFile) 
  
# To create a line in the dialog 
self.__thisFileMenu.add_separator() 
  
# To terminate 
self.__thisFileMenu.add_command(label = "Exit", 
                                command = self.__quitApplication) 
self.__thisMenuBar.add_cascade(label = "File", 
                               menu = self.__thisFileMenu) 
  
# To give a feature of cut 
self.__thisEditMenu.add_command(label = "Cut", 
                                command = self.__cut) 
  
# To give a feature of copy 
self.__thisEditMenu.add_command(label = "Copy", 
                                command = self.__copy) 
  
# To give a feature of paste 
self.__thisEditMenu.add_command(label = "Paste", 
                                command = self.__paste) 
  
# To give a feature of editing 
self.__thisMenuBar.add_cascade(label = "Edit", 
                               menu = self.__thisEditMenu) 
  
# To create a feature of description of the notepad 
self.__thisHelpMenu.add_command(label = "About Notepad", 
                                command = self.__showAbout) 
self.__thisMenuBar.add_cascade(label = "Help", 
                               menu = self.__thisHelpMenu) 
  
self.__root.config(menu = self.__thisMenuBar) 
  
self.__thisScrollBar.pack(side = RIGHT, fill = Y) 
  
# Scrollbar will adjust automatically 
# according to the content 
self.__thisScrollBar.config(command = self.__thisTextArea.yview) 
self.__thisTextArea.config(yscrollcommand = self.__thisScrollBar.set)

使用此代碼，我們將在記事本的窗口中添加菜單，并向其中添加復(fù)制、粘貼、保存等內(nèi)容。

添加功能：

def __quitApplication(self): 
    self.__root.destroy() 
    # exit() 
  
def __showAbout(self): 
    showinfo("Notepad", "Mrinal Verma") 
  
def __openFile(self): 
          
    self.__file = askopenfilename(defaultextension=".txt", 
                                  filetypes=[("All Files","*.*"), 
                                      ("Text Documents","*.txt")]) 
  
    if self.__file == "": 
  
        # no file to open 
        self.__file = None
    else: 
        # try to open the file 
        # set the window title 
        self.__root.title(os.path.basename(self.__file) + " - Notepad") 
        self.__thisTextArea.delete(1.0,END) 
  
        file = open(self.__file,"r") 
  
        self.__thisTextArea.insert(1.0,file.read()) 
  
        file.close() 
  
          
def __newFile(self): 
    self.__root.title("Untitled - Notepad") 
    self.__file = None
    self.__thisTextArea.delete(1.0,END) 
  
def __saveFile(self): 
  
    if self.__file == None: 
        #save as new file 
        self.__file = asksaveasfilename(initialfile='Untitled.txt', 
                                        defaultextension=".txt", 
                                        filetypes=[("All Files","*.*"), 
                                            ("Text Documents","*.txt")]) 
  
        if self.__file == "": 
            self.__file = None
        else: 
              
            # try to save the file 
            file = open(self.__file,"w") 
            file.write(self.__thisTextArea.get(1.0,END)) 
            file.close() 
            # change the window title 
            self.__root.title(os.path.basename(self.__file) + " - Notepad") 
                  
              
    else: 
        file = open(self.__file,"w") 
        file.write(self.__thisTextArea.get(1.0,END)) 
        file.close() 
  
def __cut(self): 
    self.__thisTextArea.event_generate("<<Cut>>") 
  
def __copy(self): 
    self.__thisTextArea.event_generate("<<Copy>>") 
  
def __paste(self): 
    self.__thisTextArea.event_generate("<<Paste>>")

在這里，我們添加了記事本中所需的所有功能，您也可以添加其他功能，例如字體大小、字體顏色、粗體、下劃線等。

合并后的主要代碼：

import tkinter
import os
from tkinter import *
from tkinter.messagebox import *
from tkinter.filedialog import *
 
 
class Notepad:
    __root = Tk()
 
    # default window width and height
    __thisWidth = 300
    __thisHeight = 300
    __thisTextArea = Text(__root)
    __thisMenuBar = Menu(__root)
    __thisFileMenu = Menu(__thisMenuBar, tearoff=0)
    __thisEditMenu = Menu(__thisMenuBar, tearoff=0)
    __thisHelpMenu = Menu(__thisMenuBar, tearoff=0)
 
    # To add scrollbar
    __thisScrollBar = Scrollbar(__thisTextArea)
    __file = None
 
    def __init__(self, **kwargs):
 
        # Set icon
        try:
            self.__root.wm_iconbitmap("Notepad.ico")
        except:
            pass
 
        # Set window size (the default is 300x300)
 
        try:
            self.__thisWidth = kwargs['width']
        except KeyError:
            pass
 
        try:
            self.__thisHeight = kwargs['height']
        except KeyError:
            pass
 
        # Set the window text
        self.__root.title("Untitled - Notepad")
 
        # Center the window
        screenWidth = self.__root.winfo_screenwidth()
        screenHeight = self.__root.winfo_screenheight()
 
        # For left-alling
        left = (screenWidth / 2) - (self.__thisWidth / 2)
 
        # For right-allign
        top = (screenHeight / 2) - (self.__thisHeight / 2)
 
        # For top and bottom
        self.__root.geometry('%dx%d+%d+%d' % (self.__thisWidth,
                                              self.__thisHeight,
                                              left, top))
 
        # To make the textarea auto resizable
        self.__root.grid_rowconfigure(0, weight=1)
        self.__root.grid_columnconfigure(0, weight=1)
 
        # Add controls (widget)
        self.__thisTextArea.grid(sticky=N + E + S + W)
 
        # To open new file
        self.__thisFileMenu.add_command(label="New",
                                        command=self.__newFile)
 
        # To open a already existing file
        self.__thisFileMenu.add_command(label="Open",
                                        command=self.__openFile)
 
        # To save current file
        self.__thisFileMenu.add_command(label="Save",
                                        command=self.__saveFile)
 
        # To create a line in the dialog
        self.__thisFileMenu.add_separator()
        self.__thisFileMenu.add_command(label="Exit",
                                        command=self.__quitApplication)
        self.__thisMenuBar.add_cascade(label="File",
                                       menu=self.__thisFileMenu)
 
        # To give a feature of cut
        self.__thisEditMenu.add_command(label="Cut",
                                        command=self.__cut)
 
        # to give a feature of copy
        self.__thisEditMenu.add_command(label="Copy",
                                        command=self.__copy)
 
        # To give a feature of paste
        self.__thisEditMenu.add_command(label="Paste",
                                        command=self.__paste)
 
        # To give a feature of editing
        self.__thisMenuBar.add_cascade(label="Edit",
                                       menu=self.__thisEditMenu)
 
        # To create a feature of description of the notepad
        self.__thisHelpMenu.add_command(label="About Notepad",
                                        command=self.__showAbout)
        self.__thisMenuBar.add_cascade(label="Help",
                                       menu=self.__thisHelpMenu)
 
        self.__root.config(menu=self.__thisMenuBar)
 
        self.__thisScrollBar.pack(side=RIGHT, fill=Y)
 
        # Scrollbar will adjust automatically according to the content
        self.__thisScrollBar.config(command=self.__thisTextArea.yview)
        self.__thisTextArea.config(yscrollcommand=self.__thisScrollBar.set)
 
    def __quitApplication(self):
        self.__root.destroy()
        # exit()
 
    def __showAbout(self):
        showinfo("Notepad", "Mrinal Verma")
 
    def __openFile(self):
 
        self.__file = askopenfilename(defaultextension=".txt",
                                      filetypes=[("All Files", "*.*"),
                                                 ("Text Documents", "*.txt")])
 
        if self.__file == "":
 
            # no file to open
            self.__file = None
        else:
 
            # Try to open the file
            # set the window title
            self.__root.title(os.path.basename(self.__file) + " - Notepad")
            self.__thisTextArea.delete(1.0, END)
 
            file = open(self.__file, "r")
 
            self.__thisTextArea.insert(1.0, file.read())
 
            file.close()
 
    def __newFile(self):
        self.__root.title("Untitled - Notepad")
        self.__file = None
        self.__thisTextArea.delete(1.0, END)
 
    def __saveFile(self):
 
        if self.__file == None:
            # Save as new file
            self.__file = asksaveasfilename(initialfile='Untitled.txt',
                                            defaultextension=".txt",
                                            filetypes=[("All Files", "*.*"),
                                                       ("Text Documents", "*.txt")])
 
            if self.__file == "":
                self.__file = None
            else:
 
                # Try to save the file
                file = open(self.__file, "w")
                file.write(self.__thisTextArea.get(1.0, END))
                file.close()
 
                # Change the window title
                self.__root.title(os.path.basename(self.__file) + " - Notepad")
 
 
        else:
            file = open(self.__file, "w")
            file.write(self.__thisTextArea.get(1.0, END))
            file.close()
 
    def __cut(self):
        self.__thisTextArea.event_generate("<<Cut>>")
 
    def __copy(self):
        self.__thisTextArea.event_generate("<<Copy>>")
 
    def __paste(self):
        self.__thisTextArea.event_generate("<<Paste>>")
 
    def run(self):
 
        # Run main application
        self.__root.mainloop()
 
    # Run main application
 
 
notepad = Notepad(width=600, height=400)
notepad.run()

要運(yùn)行此代碼，請使用擴(kuò)展名.py保存它，然后打開 cmd（命令提示符）并移動到保存文件的位置，然后編寫以下內(nèi)容