快捷導(dǎo)航

Golang實(shí)現(xiàn)四種負(fù)載均衡的算法(隨機(jī),輪詢等)

更新時間：2021年06月17日 09:51:37 作者：Gundy_

本文介紹了示例介紹了Golang 負(fù)載均衡的四種實(shí)現(xiàn)，主要包括了隨機(jī)，輪詢，加權(quán)輪詢負(fù)載，一致性hash，感興趣的小伙伴們可以參考一下

隨機(jī)負(fù)載

隨機(jī)挑選目標(biāo)服務(wù)器

package load_balance

import (
 "errors"
 "math/rand"
)

//隨機(jī)負(fù)載均衡
type RandomBalance struct {
 curIndex int

 rss []string
}

func (r *RandomBalance) Add(params ...string) error {
 if len(params) == 0 {
  return errors.New("params len 1 at least")
 }
 addr := params[0]
 r.rss = append(r.rss, addr)

 return nil
}

func (r *RandomBalance) Next() string {
 if len(r.rss) == 0 {
  return ""
 }
 r.curIndex = rand.Intn(len(r.rss))
 return r.rss[r.curIndex]
}

func (r *RandomBalance) Get(string) (string, error) {
 return r.Next(), nil
}

輪詢負(fù)載

服務(wù)器依次輪詢

package load_balance

import "errors"

//輪詢負(fù)載均衡
type RoundRobinBalance struct {
 curIndex int
 rss      []string
}

func (r *RoundRobinBalance) Add(params ...string) error {
 if len(params) == 0 {
  return errors.New("params len 1 at least")
 }

 addr := params[0]
 r.rss = append(r.rss, addr)
 return nil
}

func (r *RoundRobinBalance) Next() string {
 if len(r.rss) == 0 {
  return ""
 }
 lens := len(r.rss)
 if r.curIndex >= lens {
  r.curIndex = 0
 }

 curAddr := r.rss[r.curIndex]
 r.curIndex = (r.curIndex + 1) % lens
 return curAddr
}

func (r *RoundRobinBalance) Get(string) (string, error) {
 return r.Next(), nil
}

加權(quán)輪詢負(fù)載

給目標(biāo)設(shè)置訪問權(quán)重，按照權(quán)重輪詢

package load_balance

import (
 "errors"
 "strconv"
)

type WeightRoundRobinBalance struct {
 curIndex int
 rss      []*WeightNode
 rsw      []int
}

type WeightNode struct {
 addr            string
 Weight          int //初始化時對節(jié)點(diǎn)約定的權(quán)重
 currentWeight   int //節(jié)點(diǎn)臨時權(quán)重，每輪都會變化
 effectiveWeight int //有效權(quán)重, 默認(rèn)與weight相同 , totalWeight = sum(effectiveWeight)  //出現(xiàn)故障就-1
}

//1, currentWeight = currentWeight + effectiveWeight
//2, 選中最大的currentWeight節(jié)點(diǎn)為選中節(jié)點(diǎn)
//3, currentWeight = currentWeight - totalWeight

func (r *WeightRoundRobinBalance) Add(params ...string) error {
 if len(params) != 2 {
  return errors.New("params len need 2")
 }
 parInt, err := strconv.ParseInt(params[1], 10, 64)
 if err != nil {
  return err
 }
 node := &WeightNode{
  addr:   params[0],
  Weight: int(parInt),
 }
 node.effectiveWeight = node.Weight
 r.rss = append(r.rss, node)
 return nil
}

func (r *WeightRoundRobinBalance) Next() string {
 var best *WeightNode
 total := 0
 for i := 0; i < len(r.rss); i++ {
  w := r.rss[i]
  //1 計(jì)算所有有效權(quán)重
  total += w.effectiveWeight
  //2 修改當(dāng)前節(jié)點(diǎn)臨時權(quán)重
  w.currentWeight += w.effectiveWeight
  //3 有效權(quán)重默認(rèn)與權(quán)重相同，通訊異常時-1, 通訊成功+1，直到恢復(fù)到weight大小
  if w.effectiveWeight < w.Weight {
   w.effectiveWeight++
  }

  //4 選中最大臨時權(quán)重節(jié)點(diǎn)
  if best == nil || w.currentWeight > best.currentWeight {
   best = w
  }
 }

 if best == nil {
  return ""
 }
 //5 變更臨時權(quán)重為 臨時權(quán)重-有效權(quán)重之和
 best.currentWeight -= total
 return best.addr
}

func (r *WeightRoundRobinBalance) Get(string) (string, error) {
 return r.Next(), nil
}

func (r *WeightRoundRobinBalance) Update()  {

}

一致性hash

請求固定的URL訪問指定的IP

package load_balance

import (
 "errors"
 "hash/crc32"
 "sort"
 "strconv"
 "sync"
)

//1 單調(diào)性（唯一） 2平衡性 (數(shù)據(jù) 目標(biāo)元素均衡) 3分散性(散列)
type Hash func(data []byte) uint32

type UInt32Slice []uint32

func (s UInt32Slice) Len() int {
 return len(s)
}

func (s UInt32Slice) Less(i, j int) bool {
 return s[i] < s[j]
}

func (s UInt32Slice) Swap(i, j int) {
 s[i], s[j] = s[j], s[i]
}

type ConsistentHashBalance struct {
 mux      sync.RWMutex
 hash     Hash
 replicas int               //復(fù)制因子
 keys     UInt32Slice       //已排序的節(jié)點(diǎn)hash切片
 hashMap  map[uint32]string //節(jié)點(diǎn)哈希和key的map, 鍵是hash值，值是節(jié)點(diǎn)key
}

func NewConsistentHashBalance(replicas int, fn Hash) *ConsistentHashBalance {
 m := &ConsistentHashBalance{
  replicas: replicas,
  hash:     fn,
  hashMap:  make(map[uint32]string),
 }
 if m.hash == nil {
  //最多32位，保證是一個2^32-1環(huán)
  m.hash = crc32.ChecksumIEEE
 }
 return m
}

func (c *ConsistentHashBalance) IsEmpty() bool {
 return len(c.keys) == 0
}

// Add 方法用來添加緩存節(jié)點(diǎn)，參數(shù)為節(jié)點(diǎn)key，比如使用IP
func (c *ConsistentHashBalance) Add(params ...string) error {
 if len(params) == 0 {
  return errors.New("param len 1 at least")
 }

 addr := params[0]
 c.mux.Lock()
 defer c.mux.Unlock()

 // 結(jié)合復(fù)制因子計(jì)算所有虛擬節(jié)點(diǎn)的hash值，并存入m.keys中，同時在m.hashMap中保存哈希值和key的映射
 for i := 0; i < c.replicas; i++ {
  hash := c.hash([]byte(strconv.Itoa(i) + addr))
  c.keys = append(c.keys, hash)
  c.hashMap[hash] = addr
 }

 // 對所有虛擬節(jié)點(diǎn)的哈希值進(jìn)行排序，方便之后進(jìn)行二分查找
 sort.Sort(c.keys)
 return nil
}

// Get 方法根據(jù)給定的對象獲取最靠近它的那個節(jié)點(diǎn)
func (c *ConsistentHashBalance) Get(key string) (string, error) {
 if c.IsEmpty() {
  return "", errors.New("node is empty")
 }
 hash := c.hash([]byte(key))

 // 通過二分查找獲取最優(yōu)節(jié)點(diǎn)，第一個"服務(wù)器hash"值大于"數(shù)據(jù)hash"值的就是最優(yōu)"服務(wù)器節(jié)點(diǎn)"
 idx := sort.Search(len(c.keys), func(i int) bool { return c.keys[i] >= hash })

 // 如果查找結(jié)果 大于 服務(wù)器節(jié)點(diǎn)哈希數(shù)組的最大索引，表示此時該對象哈希值位于最后一個節(jié)點(diǎn)之后，那么放入第一個節(jié)點(diǎn)中
 if idx == len(c.keys) {
  idx = 0
 }
 c.mux.RLock()
 defer c.mux.RUnlock()
 return c.hashMap[c.keys[idx]], nil
}

封裝

定義LoadBalance接口

package load_balance

type LoadBalance interface {
 Add(...string) error
 Get(string)(string, error)

}

工廠方法

package load_balance

type LbType int

const (
 LbRandom LbType = iota
 LbRoundRobin
 LbWeightRoundRobin
 LbConsistentHash
)

func LoadBalanceFactory(lbType LbType) LoadBalance {
 switch lbType {
 case LbRandom:
  return &RandomBalance{}
 case LbConsistentHash:
  return NewConsistentHashBalance(10, nil)
 case LbRoundRobin:
  return &RoundRobinBalance{}
 case LbWeightRoundRobin:
  return &WeightRoundRobinBalance{}
 default:
  return &RandomBalance{}
 }
}

到此這篇關(guān)于Golang實(shí)現(xiàn)四種負(fù)載均衡的算法(隨機(jī),輪詢等)的文章就介紹到這了,更多相關(guān)Golang 負(fù)載均衡內(nèi)容請搜索腳本之家以前的文章或繼續(xù)瀏覽下面的相關(guān)文章希望大家以后多多支持腳本之家！

您可能感興趣的文章: