淺談Python之Django(二)
更新時(shí)間：2021年10月21日 09:16:14 作者：z-victor
這篇文章主要介紹了Python3中的Django，小編覺(jué)得這篇文章寫(xiě)的還不錯(cuò)，需要的朋友們下面隨著小編來(lái)一起學(xué)習(xí)學(xué)習(xí)吧，希望能夠給你帶來(lái)幫助
django設(shè)計(jì)
user-用戶管理
curser-課程管理
organization-機(jī)構(gòu)和教師管理
數(shù)據(jù)表生成與修改各APP models設(shè)計(jì)
users models 設(shè)計(jì)
修改users目錄下的models
# _*_ encoding:utf-8 _*_
from __future__ import unicode_literals
from datetime import datetime
from django.db import models
from django.contrib.auth.models import AbstractUser
# Create your models here.
class UserProfile(AbstractUser):
# verbose_name：備注
# blank：是否可以為空
#
nick_name = models.CharField(max_length=50,verbose_name=u"昵稱(chēng)",default="")
birthday = models.DateField(verbose_name=u"生日",blank=True)
gender = models.CharField(choices=(('male',u'男'),('female',u'女')),default="female",max_length=6)
address = models.CharField(max_length=100,default=u"")
mobile = models.CharField(max_length=11,null=True,blank=True)
image = models.ImageField(upload_to="image/%Y/%m",default=u"image/default.png",max_length=100)
class Meta:
verbose_name = u"用戶信息"
verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
def __unicode__(self):
return self.username
class EmailVerifyRecord(models.Model):
code = models.CharField(max_length=20,verbose_name=u"驗(yàn)證碼")
email = models.EmailField(max_length=50,verbose_name=u"郵箱")
send_type = models.CharField(max_length=10,choices=(("register",u"注冊(cè)"),("forget",u"找回密碼")),)
send_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now(),verbose_name=u"添加時(shí)間")
class Meta:
verbose_name = u"郵箱驗(yàn)證碼"
verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
class Banner(models.Model):
title = models.CharField(max_length=100,verbose_name=u"標(biāo)題")
image = models.ImageField(max_length=100,upload_to="banner/%Y/%m",verbose_name=u"輪播圖")
url = models.URLField(max_length=100,verbose_name=u"訪問(wèn)地址")
index = models.IntegerField(verbose_name=u"順序",default=100)
add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now(),verbose_name=u"添加時(shí)間")
class Meta:
verbose_name = u"輪播圖"
verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
修改配置文件setting.py中的INSTALLED_APPS，將我們的app users加入，添加AUTH_USER_MODEL = “users.UserProfile”
INSTALLED_APPS = [
'django.contrib.admin',
'django.contrib.auth',
'django.contrib.contenttypes',
'django.contrib.sessions',
'django.contrib.messages',
'django.contrib.staticfiles',
'users',
]
AUTH_USER_MODEL = "users.UserProfile"
運(yùn)行python manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:9000
解決問(wèn)題：
pip3 install Pillow(安裝Pillow包)
python manage.py makemigrations users
python manage.py migrate users
解決users.0001_initial,將配置文件中的INSTALLED_APPS中的django.contrib.admin注釋掉
course models 設(shè)計(jì)
修改course 目錄下的models
# _*_ encoding:utf-8 _*_
from __future__ import unicode_literals
from datetime import datetime
from django.db import models
# Create your models here.
class Course(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=50,verbose_name=u"課程名")
desc = models.CharField(max_length=300,verbose_name=u"課程描述")
detail = models.TextField(verbose_name=u"課程詳情")
degree = models.CharField(max_length=2,choices=(('cj','初級(jí)'),('zj','中級(jí)'),('gj','高級(jí)')))
learn_time = models.IntegerField(default=0,verbose_name=u"學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)長(zhǎng)")
students = models.IntegerField(default=0,verbose_name=u"學(xué)習(xí)人數(shù)")
fav_nums = models.IntegerField(default=0,verbose_name=u"收藏人數(shù)")
image = models.ImageField(max_length=100,verbose_name="封面圖片",upload_to="courses/%Y/%m")
click_nums = models.IntegerField(default=0,verbose_name=u"點(diǎn)擊數(shù)")
add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now,verbose_name=u"添加時(shí)間")
class Meta:
verbose_name = u"課程"
verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
class Lesson(models.Model):
course = models.ForeignKey(Course,verbose_name=u"課程",on_delete=models.CASCADE)
name = models.CharField(max_length=100,verbose_name=u"章節(jié)名")
add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now, verbose_name=u"添加時(shí)間")
class Meta:
verbose_name = u"章節(jié)"
verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
class Video(models.Model):
lesson = models.ForeignKey(Lesson,verbose_name=u"章節(jié)",on_delete=models.CASCADE)
name = models.CharField(max_length=100, verbose_name=u"視頻名")
add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now, verbose_name=u"添加時(shí)間")
class Meta:
verbose_name = u"視頻"
verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
class CourseResource(models.Model):
course = models.ForeignKey(Course, verbose_name=u"課程",on_delete=models.CASCADE)
name = models.CharField(max_length=100, verbose_name=u"名稱(chēng)")
download = models.FileField(upload_to="course/recourse/%Y/%m",verbose_name=u"資源文件",
max_length=100)
add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now, verbose_name=u"添加時(shí)間")
class Meta:
verbose_name = u"課程資源"
verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
修改配置文件setting.py中的INSTALLED_APPS，將我們的app course加入
INSTALLED_APPS = [
'django.contrib.admin',
'django.contrib.auth',
'django.contrib.contenttypes',
'django.contrib.sessions',
'django.contrib.messages',
'django.contrib.staticfiles',
'users',
'course',
]
運(yùn)行python manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:9000
原因
在django2.0后，定義外鍵和一對(duì)一關(guān)系的時(shí)候需要加on_delete選項(xiàng)，此參數(shù)為了避免兩個(gè)表里的數(shù)據(jù)不一致問(wèn)題，不然會(huì)報(bào)錯(cuò)：
TypeError: init() missing 1 required positional argument: ‘on_delete'
涉及到外鍵都需要改成
course = models.ForeignKey(Course,verbose_name=u"課程",on_delete=models.CASCADE)
organization models 設(shè)計(jì)
修改organization目錄下的models
# _*_ encoding:utf-8 _*_
from __future__ import unicode_literals
from datetime import datetime
from django.db import models
# Create your models here.
class CityDict(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=20, verbose_name=u"城市名稱(chēng)")
desc = models.CharField(max_length=200,verbose_name=u"城市描述")
add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now, verbose_name=u"添加時(shí)間")
class Meta:
verbose_name = u"城市"
verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
class CourseOrg(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=50,verbose_name=u"機(jī)構(gòu)名稱(chēng)")
desc = models.TextField(verbose_name=u"機(jī)構(gòu)描述")
click_nums = models.IntegerField(default=0,verbose_name=u"點(diǎn)擊數(shù)")
fav_nums = models.IntegerField(default=0,verbose_name=u"收藏?cái)?shù)")
image = models.ImageField(upload_to="org/%Y/%m",verbose_name=u"封面圖",max_length=100)
address = models.CharField(max_length=150,verbose_name=u"機(jī)構(gòu)地址")
city = models.ForeignKey(CityDict,verbose_name=u"所在城市",on_delete=models.CASCADE)
add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now, verbose_name=u"添加時(shí)間")
class Meta:
verbose_name = u"課程機(jī)構(gòu)"
verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
class Teacher(models.Model):
org = models.ForeignKey(CourseOrg,verbose_name=u"所屬機(jī)構(gòu)",on_delete=models.CASCADE)
name = models.CharField(max_length=50, verbose_name=u"教師名稱(chēng)")
work_years = models.IntegerField(default=0,verbose_name=u"工作年限")
work_company = models.CharField(max_length=50,verbose_name=u"就職公司")
work_position = models.CharField(max_length=50,verbose_name=u"公司職位")
points = models.CharField(max_length=50,verbose_name=u"教學(xué)特點(diǎn)")
click_nums = models.IntegerField(default=0, verbose_name=u"點(diǎn)擊數(shù)")
fav_nums = models.IntegerField(default=0, verbose_name=u"收藏?cái)?shù)")
add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now, verbose_name=u"添加時(shí)間")
class Meta:
verbose_name = u"教師"
verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
修改配置文件setting.py中的INSTALLED_APPS，將我們的app organization加入
INSTALLED_APPS = [
'django.contrib.admin',
'django.contrib.auth',
'django.contrib.contenttypes',
'django.contrib.sessions',
'django.contrib.messages',
'django.contrib.staticfiles',
'users',
'course',
'organization',
]
operation models 設(shè)計(jì)
# _*_ encoding:utf-8 _*_from __future__ import unicode_literalsfrom datetime import datetimefrom django.db import modelsfrom users.models import UserProfilefrom course.models import Course# Create your models here.class UserAsk(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length=20,verbose_name=u"姓名") mobile = models.CharField(max_length=11,verbose_name=u"手機(jī)") course_name = models.CharField(max_length=50,verbose_name=u"課程名") add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now,verbose_name=u"添加時(shí)間") class Meta: verbose_name = u"用戶咨詢" verbose_name_plural = verbose_nameclass CourseComments(models.Model): # 課程評(píng)論 user = models.ForeignKey(UserProfile,verbose_name=u"用戶",on_delete=models.CASCADE) course = models.ForeignKey(Course,verbose_name=u"課程",on_delete=models.CASCADE) comments = models.CharField(max_length=200,verbose_name=u"評(píng)論") add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now,verbose_name=u"評(píng)論時(shí)間") class Meta: verbose_name = u"課程評(píng)論" verbose_name_plural = verbose_nameclass UserFavorite(models.Model): user = models.ForeignKey(UserProfile,verbose_name=u"用戶",on_delete=models.CASCADE) fav_id = models.IntegerField(default=0,verbose_name=u"數(shù)據(jù)id") fav_type = models.IntegerField(choices=((1,'課程'),(2,'課程機(jī)構(gòu)'),(3,'講師')),default=1, verbose_name=u"收藏類(lèi)型") add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now, verbose_name=u"收藏時(shí)間") class Meta: verbose_name = u"用戶收藏" verbose_name_plural = verbose_nameclass UserMessage(models.Model): user = models.ForeignKey(UserProfile, verbose_name=u"接收用戶",on_delete=models.CASCADE) message = models.CharField(max_length=500,verbose_name=u"消息內(nèi)容") has_read = models.BooleanField(default=False,verbose_name=u"是否已讀") add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now,verbose_name=u"添加時(shí)間") class Meta: verbose_name = u"用戶信息" verbose_name_plural = verbose_nameclass UserCourse(models.Model): user = models.ForeignKey(UserProfile, verbose_name=u"用戶",on_delete=models.CASCADE) course = models.ForeignKey(Course, verbose_name=u"課程",on_delete=models.CASCADE) add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now, verbose_name=u"添加時(shí)間") class Meta: verbose_name = u"用戶課程" verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
修改配置文件setting.py中的INSTALLED_APPS，將我們的app operation加入
# _*_ encoding:utf-8 _*_
from __future__ import unicode_literals
from datetime import datetime
from django.db import models
from users.models import UserProfile
from course.models import Course
# Create your models here.
class UserAsk(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=20,verbose_name=u"姓名")
mobile = models.CharField(max_length=11,verbose_name=u"手機(jī)")
course_name = models.CharField(max_length=50,verbose_name=u"課程名")
add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now,verbose_name=u"添加時(shí)間")
class Meta:
verbose_name = u"用戶咨詢"
verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
class CourseComments(models.Model):
# 課程評(píng)論
user = models.ForeignKey(UserProfile,verbose_name=u"用戶",on_delete=models.CASCADE)
course = models.ForeignKey(Course,verbose_name=u"課程",on_delete=models.CASCADE)
comments = models.CharField(max_length=200,verbose_name=u"評(píng)論")
add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now,verbose_name=u"評(píng)論時(shí)間")
class Meta:
verbose_name = u"課程評(píng)論"
verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
class UserFavorite(models.Model):
user = models.ForeignKey(UserProfile,verbose_name=u"用戶",on_delete=models.CASCADE)
fav_id = models.IntegerField(default=0,verbose_name=u"數(shù)據(jù)id")
fav_type = models.IntegerField(choices=((1,'課程'),(2,'課程機(jī)構(gòu)'),(3,'講師')),default=1,
verbose_name=u"收藏類(lèi)型")
add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now, verbose_name=u"收藏時(shí)間")
class Meta:
verbose_name = u"用戶收藏"
verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
class UserMessage(models.Model):
user = models.ForeignKey(UserProfile, verbose_name=u"接收用戶",on_delete=models.CASCADE)
message = models.CharField(max_length=500,verbose_name=u"消息內(nèi)容")
has_read = models.BooleanField(default=False,verbose_name=u"是否已讀")
add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now,verbose_name=u"添加時(shí)間")
class Meta:
verbose_name = u"用戶信息"
verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
class UserCourse(models.Model):
user = models.ForeignKey(UserProfile, verbose_name=u"用戶",on_delete=models.CASCADE)
course = models.ForeignKey(Course, verbose_name=u"課程",on_delete=models.CASCADE)
add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now, verbose_name=u"添加時(shí)間")
class Meta:
verbose_name = u"用戶課程"
verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
將4個(gè)app統(tǒng)一放到apps包下
因?yàn)閍pp太多，不好管理，所以統(tǒng)一放到apps目錄下進(jìn)行管理
將app路徑寫(xiě)入到配置文件setting.py中，防止包導(dǎo)入失敗
import os import sys # Build paths inside the project like this: os.path.join(BASE_DIR, ...) BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))) sys.path.insert(0,os.path.join(BASE_DIR,'apps'))
python manage.py makemigrations
python manage.py migrate
生成數(shù)據(jù)表
> 運(yùn)行python manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:9000
總結(jié)
本篇文章就到這里了，希望能夠給你帶來(lái)幫助，也希望您能夠多多關(guān)注腳本之家的更多內(nèi)容！
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