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Python爬蟲(chóng)實(shí)戰(zhàn)之爬取某寶男裝信息

 更新時(shí)間：2021年12月02日 10:21:13   作者：編程簡(jiǎn)單學(xué)  
網(wǎng)絡(luò)爬蟲(chóng)是一種按照一定的規(guī)則自動(dòng)瀏覽、檢索網(wǎng)頁(yè)信息的程序或者腳本。網(wǎng)絡(luò)爬蟲(chóng)能夠自動(dòng)請(qǐng)求網(wǎng)頁(yè)，并將所需要的數(shù)據(jù)抓取下來(lái)。本文將為大家介紹如何利用爬蟲(chóng)獲取某寶男裝信息，感興趣的小伙伴可以了解一下

知識(shí)點(diǎn)介紹

本次爬取用到的知識(shí)點(diǎn)有:

1. selenium

2. pymysql

3? pyquery

實(shí)現(xiàn)步驟

1. 分析目標(biāo)網(wǎng)站

1. 打開(kāi)某寶首頁(yè), 輸入"男裝"后點(diǎn)擊"搜索", 則跳轉(zhuǎn)到"男裝"的搜索界面.

2. 空白處"右擊"再點(diǎn)擊"檢查"審查網(wǎng)頁(yè)元素, 點(diǎn)擊"Network".

1) 找到對(duì)應(yīng)的URL, URL里的參數(shù)正是Query String Parameters的參數(shù), 且請(qǐng)求方式是GET

2) 我們請(qǐng)求該URL得到內(nèi)容就是"Response"里的內(nèi)容, 那么點(diǎn)擊它來(lái)確認(rèn)信息.

3) 下拉看到"男裝"字樣, 那么再往下找, 并沒(méi)有發(fā)現(xiàn)有關(guān)"男裝"的商品信息.

4) 任意復(fù)制一個(gè)商品信息, 空白處右擊再點(diǎn)擊"查看網(wǎng)頁(yè)源代碼", 在源碼查找該商品, 即可看到該商品的信息.

5) 對(duì)比網(wǎng)頁(yè)源代碼和"Response"響應(yīng)內(nèi)容, 發(fā)現(xiàn)源代碼<script>..........</script>中的商品信息被替換, 這便是采用了JS加密

6) 如果去請(qǐng)求上面的URL, 得到的則是加密過(guò)的信息, 這時(shí)就可以利用Selenium庫(kù)來(lái)模擬瀏覽器, 進(jìn)而得到商品信息.

2. 獲取單個(gè)商品界面

請(qǐng)求網(wǎng)站

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from selenium import webdriver   #從selenium導(dǎo)入瀏覽器驅(qū)動(dòng)
browser = webdriver.Chrome()   #聲明驅(qū)動(dòng)對(duì)象, 即Chrome瀏覽器
def get_one_page():
    '''獲取單個(gè)頁(yè)面'''
    browser.get("https://www.xxxxx.com")  #請(qǐng)求網(wǎng)站

輸入"男裝", 在輸入之前, 需要判斷輸入框是否存在, 如果存在則輸入"男裝", 不存在則等待顯示成功.

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from selenium import webdriver  
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By                       #導(dǎo)入元素定位方法模塊
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait           #導(dǎo)入等待判斷模塊
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC  #導(dǎo)入判斷條件模塊
browser = webdriver.Chrome()   
def get_one_page():
    '''獲取單個(gè)頁(yè)面'''
    browser.get("https://www.xxxxx.com") 
    input = WebDriverWait(browser,10).until(                       #等待判斷
        EC.presence_of_element_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR,"#q")))    #若輸入框顯示成功,則獲取,否則等待
    input.send_keys("男裝")                                         #輸入商品名稱(chēng)

下一步就是點(diǎn)擊"搜索"按鈕, 按鈕具有屬性: 可點(diǎn)擊, 那么加入判斷條件.

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from selenium import webdriver   
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By  
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait  
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC  
browser = webdriver.Chrome()   
def get_one_page():
    '''獲取單個(gè)頁(yè)面'''
    browser.get("https://www.xxxxx.com")  
    input = WebDriverWait(browser,10).until(                       
        EC.presence_of_element_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR,"#q")))    #
    input.send_keys("男裝")   
    button = WebDriverWait(browser,10).until(                                                        #等待判斷
        EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.CSS_SELECTOR,"#J_TSearchForm > div.search-button > button"))) #若按鈕可點(diǎn)擊, 則獲取, 否則等待
    button.click()                                                                                   #點(diǎn)擊按鈕

獲取總的頁(yè)數(shù), 同樣加入等待判斷.

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 
import re
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.common.exceptions import TimeoutException
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
browser = webdriver.Chrome()
def get_one_page():
    '''獲取單個(gè)頁(yè)面'''
    browser.get("https://www.xxxxx.com")
    input = WebDriverWait(browser, 10).until(
        EC.presence_of_element_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR, "#q")))
    input.send_keys("男裝")
    button = WebDriverWait(browser, 10).until(
        EC.element_to_be_clickable(
            (By.CSS_SELECTOR, "#J_TSearchForm > div.search-button > button")))
    button.click()  
    pages = WebDriverWait(browser, 10).until(  # 等待判斷
        EC.presence_of_element_located(
            (By.CSS_SELECTOR, "#mainsrp-pager > div > div > div > div.total")))  # 若總頁(yè)數(shù)加載成功,則獲取總頁(yè)數(shù),否則等待 
    return pages.text
def main():
    pages = get_one_page()
    print(pages)
if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

打印出來(lái)的不是我們想要的結(jié)果, 利用正則表達(dá)式獲取, 最后再利用try...except捕捉異常

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import re
from selenium import webdriver   
from selenium.common.exceptions import TimeoutException   
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By  
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait  
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC  
browser = webdriver.Chrome()  
def get_one_page():
    '''獲取單個(gè)頁(yè)面'''
    try:
        browser.get("https://www.xxxxx.com")  
        input = WebDriverWait(browser,10).until(
　　　　　　EC.presence_of_element_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR,"#q")))    
        input.send_keys("男裝")   
        button = WebDriverWait(browser,10).until(
　　　　　　EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.CSS_SELECTOR,"#J_TSearchForm > div.search-button > button"))) 
        button.click()            
        pages = WebDriverWait(browser,10).until(
　　　　　　EC.presence_of_element_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR,"#mainsrp-pager > div > div > div > div.total")))  
        return pages.text
    except TimeoutException:
        return get_one_page()   #如果超時(shí),繼續(xù)獲取
def main():
    pages = get_one_page()
    pages = int(re.compile("(\d+)").findall(pages)[0]) #采用正則表達(dá)式提取文本中的總頁(yè)數(shù)
    print(pages)
if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

關(guān)于Selenium的更多內(nèi)容,可參看官方文檔https://selenium-python.readthedocs.io/waits.html

3. 獲取多個(gè)商品界面

采用獲取"到第 頁(yè)"輸入框方式, 切換到下一頁(yè), 同樣是等待判斷

需要注意的是, 最后要加入判斷: 高亮是否是當(dāng)前頁(yè)??

def get_next_page(page):
    try:
        input = WebDriverWait(browser, 10).until(                                                                                         
            EC.presence_of_element_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR, "#mainsrp-pager > div > div > div > div.form > input")))                       # 若輸入框加載成功,則獲取,否則等待
        input.send_keys(page)                                                                                                               # 輸入頁(yè)碼
        button = WebDriverWait(browser, 10).until(                                                                                       
            EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.CSS_SELECTOR, "#mainsrp-pager > div > div > div > div.form > span.btn.J_Submit")))               # 若按鈕可點(diǎn)擊,則獲取,否則等待
        button.click()                                                                                                                      # 點(diǎn)擊按鈕
        WebDriverWait(browser,10).until(
            EC.text_to_be_present_in_element((By.CSS_SELECTOR,"#mainsrp-pager > div > div > div > ul > li.item.active > span"),str(page)))  # 判斷高亮是否是當(dāng)前頁(yè)
    except TimeoutException:                                                                                                                # 超時(shí), 繼續(xù)請(qǐng)求
        return get_next_page(page)
def main():
    pages = get_one_page()
    pages = int(re.compile("(\d+)").findall(pages)[0])
    for page in range(1,pages+1):
        get_next_page(page)
if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

4. 獲取商品信息

首先, 判斷信息是否加載成功, 緊接著獲取源碼并初始化, 進(jìn)而解析.

需要注意的是, 在"get_one_page"和"get_next_page"中調(diào)用之后, 才可執(zhí)行

def get_info():
    """獲取詳情"""
    WebDriverWait(browser,20).until(EC.presence_of_element_located((
        By.CSS_SELECTOR,"#mainsrp-itemlist .items .item")))                #判斷商品信息是否加載成功
    text = browser.page_source                                             #獲取網(wǎng)頁(yè)源碼
    html = pq(text)                                                        #初始化網(wǎng)頁(yè)源碼
    items = html('#mainsrp-itemlist .items .item').items()                 #采用items方法會(huì)得到生成器
    for item in items:                                                     #遍歷每個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)對(duì)象
        data = []
        image = item.find(".pic .img").attr("data-src")                    #用find方法查找子孫節(jié)點(diǎn),用attr方法獲取屬性名稱(chēng)
        price = item.find(".price").text().strip().replace("\n","")        #用text方法獲取文本,strip()去掉前后字符串,默認(rèn)是空格
        deal = item.find(".deal-cnt").text()[:-2]
        title = item.find(".title").text().strip()
        shop = item.find(".shop").text().strip()
        location = item.find(".location").text()
        data.append([shop, location, title, price, deal, image])
        print(data)

5. 保存到MySQL數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)

def save_to_mysql(data):
    """存儲(chǔ)到數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)"""
    # 創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)連接對(duì)象
    db= pymysql.connect(host = "localhost",user = "root",password = "password",port = 3306, db = "spiders",charset = "utf8")
    # 獲取游標(biāo)
    cursor = db.cursor()
    #創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)
    cursor.execute("CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS {0}(shop VARCHAR(20),location VARCHAR(10),title VARCHAR(255),price VARCHAR(20),deal VARCHAR(20), image VARCHAR(255))".format("男裝"))
    #SQL語(yǔ)句
    sql = "INSERT INTO {0} values(%s,%s,%s,%s,%s,%s)".format("男裝")
    try:
            #傳入?yún)?shù)sql,data
        if cursor.execute(sql,data):
            #插入數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)
            db.commit()
            print("********已入庫(kù)**********")
    except:
        print("#########入庫(kù)失敗#########")
        #回滾,相當(dāng)什么都沒(méi)做
        db.rollback()
    #關(guān)閉數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)
    db.close()

完整代碼

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
'''
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'''
import re
import pymysql
from selenium import webdriver   
from selenium.common.exceptions import TimeoutException
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By  
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait  
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC  
from pyquery import PyQuery as pq
browser = webdriver.Chrome()  
def get_one_page(name):
    '''獲取單個(gè)頁(yè)面'''
    print("-----------------------------------------------獲取第一頁(yè)-------------------------------------------------------")
    try:
        browser.get("https://www.xxxxx.com")  
        input = WebDriverWait(browser,10).until(                       
             EC.presence_of_element_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR,"#q")))   
        input.send_keys(name)   
        button = WebDriverWait(browser,10).until(                                                        
             EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.CSS_SELECTOR,"#J_TSearchForm > div.search-button > button"))) 
        button.click()            
        pages = WebDriverWait(browser,10).until(                                                           
          EC.presence_of_element_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR,"#mainsrp-pager > div > div > div > div.total")))  
        print("----即將解析第一頁(yè)信息----")
        get_info(name)
        print("----第一頁(yè)信息解析完成----")
        return pages.text
    except TimeoutException:
        return get_one_page(name)   
def get_next_page(page,name):
     """獲取下一頁(yè)"""
     print("---------------------------------------------------正在獲取第{0}頁(yè)----------------------------------------".format(page))
     try:
        input = WebDriverWait(browser, 10).until(
             EC.presence_of_element_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR, "#mainsrp-pager > div > div > div > div.form > input")))                       
        input.send_keys(page)                                                                                                               
        button = WebDriverWait(browser, 10).until(
            EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.CSS_SELECTOR, "#mainsrp-pager > div > div > div > div.form > span.btn.J_Submit")))               
        button.click()                                                                                                                      
        WebDriverWait(browser,10).until(
             EC.text_to_be_present_in_element((By.CSS_SELECTOR,"#mainsrp-pager > div > div > div > ul > li.item.active > span"),str(page)))  
        print("-----即將解析第{0}頁(yè)信息-----".format(page))
        get_info(name)
        print("-----第{0}頁(yè)信息解析完成-----".format(page))
     except TimeoutException:                                                                                                                
        return get_next_page(page,name)
def get_info(name):
    """獲取詳情""" 
    WebDriverWait(browser,20).until(EC.presence_of_element_located((
        By.CSS_SELECTOR,"#mainsrp-itemlist .items .item")))                
    text = browser.page_source                                             
    html = pq(text)                                                        
    items = html('#mainsrp-itemlist .items .item').items()                 
    for item in items:                                                     
        data = []
        image = item.find(".pic .img").attr("data-src")                    
        price = item.find(".price").text().strip().replace("\n","")        
        deal = item.find(".deal-cnt").text()[:-2]
        title = item.find(".title").text().strip()
        shop = item.find(".shop").text().strip()
        location = item.find(".location").text()
        data.append([shop, location, title, price, deal, image])
        for dt in data:
            save_to_mysql(dt,name)
def save_to_mysql(data,name):
    """存儲(chǔ)到數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)"""
    db= pymysql.connect(host = "localhost",user = "root",password = "password",port = 3306, db = "spiders",charset = "utf8")
    cursor = db.cursor()
    cursor.execute("CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS {0}(shop VARCHAR(20),location VARCHAR(10),title VARCHAR(255),price VARCHAR(20),deal VARCHAR(20), image VARCHAR(255))".format(name))
    sql = "INSERT INTO {0} values(%s,%s,%s,%s,%s,%s)".format(name)
    try:
        if cursor.execute(sql,data):
            db.commit()
         print("********已入庫(kù)**********")
    except:
        print("#########入庫(kù)失敗#########")
        db.rollback()
    db.close()
def main(name):
    pages = get_one_page(name)
    pages = int(re.compile("(\d+)").findall(pages)[0])
    for page in range(1,pages+1):
       get_next_page(page,name)
if __name__ == '__main__':
    name = "男裝"
    main(name)

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