基于Python繪制一個(gè)摸魚倒計(jì)時(shí)界面

更新時(shí)間：2021年12月30日 14:03:29 作者：Python進(jìn)階者

前端時(shí)間推出了一個(gè)摸魚APP，這篇文章將為大家介紹基于Python繪制一個(gè)摸魚倒計(jì)時(shí)界面，文中的示例代碼講解詳細(xì)，感興趣的可以學(xué)習(xí)一下

前言

前段時(shí)間在微博看到一段摸魚人的倒計(jì)時(shí)模板，感覺還挺有趣的。

于是我用了一小時(shí)的時(shí)間寫了個(gè)頁面出來摸魚辦地址 (當(dāng)然是摸魚的時(shí)間啦)。

模板是這樣的:

摸魚辦公室 ??

【摸魚辦公室】今天是 2021-11-30 星期二

你好，摸魚人，工作再累，一定不要忘記摸魚哦 ! 有事沒事起身去茶水間去廊道去天臺走走，別老在工位上坐著。多喝點(diǎn)水，錢是老板的，但命是自己的 !

?? 距離周末放假還有 2 天

?? 距離元旦放假還有 3 天

?? 距離過年放假還有 34 天

?? 距離清明節(jié) 放假還有 97 天

?? 距離勞動(dòng)節(jié) 放假還有 123 天

?? 距離端午節(jié) 放假還有 156 天

?? 距離中秋節(jié) 放假還有 255 天

?? 距離國慶節(jié) 放假還有 276 天

由于前端是單頁面服務(wù)，直接擼一個(gè)原始的 html 網(wǎng)頁就行。
FastAPI 對于異步請求是一把好手、更輕、性能更佳。
掛上一層 Nginx 讓它看起來像那么回事兒。

實(shí)現(xiàn)過程

首先要知道、除了靜態(tài)文字之外的比如當(dāng)前日期、距離節(jié)日放假的天數(shù)等都是動(dòng)態(tài)返回的，我需要使用 Jinja2 模板進(jìn)行動(dòng)態(tài)綁定。

我應(yīng)該把重點(diǎn)放在時(shí)間的處理上。

而且在這個(gè)模板中，有陽歷的節(jié)日，也是陰歷的節(jié)日，我需要轉(zhuǎn)換。

初始化一個(gè) FastAPI 對象并聲明靜態(tài)頁面的模板目錄 (Jinja2Templates)

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- 
import datetime 
from fastapi import FastAPI, Request 
from fastapi.responses import HTMLResponse 
from fastapi.templating import Jinja2Templates 
from zhdate import ZhDate as lunar_date 
 
app = FastAPI( 
    debug=False, 
    title="My API", 
    docs_url="/docs", 
    openapi_url=f"/openapi.json" 
) 
 
templates = Jinja2Templates(directory="templates")

可以看到的是我用到了 zhdate 這個(gè)庫、主要用于陰歷和陽歷之間的相互轉(zhuǎn)換。用法如下

today = datetime.date.today() 
print(today.year, today.month, today.day) 
print("大年時(shí)間: ", lunar_date(today.year+1, 1, 1).to_datetime().date()) 
print("端午時(shí)間: ", lunar_date(today.year, 5, 5).to_datetime().date()) 
print("中秋時(shí)間: ", lunar_date(today.year, 8, 15).to_datetime().date()) 
print("元旦時(shí)間: ", f"{today.year+1}-01-01") 
print("清明時(shí)間: ", f"{today.year}-04-05") 
print("勞動(dòng)時(shí)間: ", f"{today.year}-05-01") 
print("國慶時(shí)間: ", f"{today.year}-10-01")

我們可以梳理一下:

計(jì)算距離大年、元旦的天數(shù)時(shí)，要在年份上 +1

計(jì)算距離其他節(jié)日的天數(shù)時(shí)，要判斷天數(shù)差是否小于 0，如果是，則年份需要 +1，因?yàn)橐呀?jīng)過去的節(jié)日對此沒有意義

distance_big_year = (lunar_date(today.year + 1, 1, 1).to_datetime().date() - today).days 
 
distance_5_5 = (lunar_date(today.year, 5, 5).to_datetime().date() - today).days 
distance_5_5 = distance_5_5 if distance_5_5 > 0 else ( 
        lunar_date(today.year + 1, 5, 5).to_datetime().date() - today).days 
 
distance_8_15 = (lunar_date(today.year, 8, 15).to_datetime().date() - today).days 
distance_8_15 = distance_8_15 if distance_8_15 > 0 else ( 
        lunar_date(today.year + 1, 8, 15).to_datetime().date() - today).days 
 
distance_year = (datetime.datetime.strptime(f"{today.year + 1}-01-01", "%Y-%m-%d").date() - today).days 
 
distance_4_5 = (datetime.datetime.strptime(f"{today.year}-04-05", "%Y-%m-%d").date() - today).days 
distance_4_5 = distance_4_5 if distance_4_5 > 0 else ( 
        datetime.datetime.strptime(f"{today.year + 1}-04-05", "%Y-%m-%d").date() - today).days 
 
distance_5_1 = (datetime.datetime.strptime(f"{today.year}-05-01", "%Y-%m-%d").date() - today).days 
distance_5_1 = distance_5_1 if distance_5_1 > 0 else ( 
        datetime.datetime.strptime(f"{today.year + 1}-05-01", "%Y-%m-%d").date() - today).days 
 
distance_10_1 = (datetime.datetime.strptime(f"{today.year}-10-01", "%Y-%m-%d").date() - today).days 
distance_10_1 = distance_10_1 if distance_10_1 > 0 else ( 
        datetime.datetime.strptime(f"{today.year + 1}-10-01", "%Y-%m-%d").date() - today).days

怎么樣? 我的命名足夠瘋狂吧。

接下來需要計(jì)算一下距離周末的天數(shù)。

def get_week_day(date): 
    week_day_dict = { 
        0: '星期一', 
        1: '星期二', 
        2: '星期三', 
        3: '星期四', 
        4: '星期五', 
        5: '星期六', 
        6: '星期天', 
    } 
    day = date.weekday() 
    return week_day_dict[day] 
 
week_day_ = get_week_day(today) 
print(f"今天是: {week_day_}") # 先獲取今天是星期幾

按照每周 5 個(gè)工作日計(jì)算，今天距離周末的天數(shù)就是

5 - today.weekday() # today.weekday() 今天距離周末

現(xiàn)在將所有的數(shù)據(jù)組裝起來

time_ = [ 
    {"v_": distance_year, "title": "元旦"},  # 距離元旦 
    {"v_": distance_big_year, "title": "過年"},  # 距離過年 
    {"v_": distance_4_5, "title": "清明節(jié)"},  # 距離清明 
    {"v_": distance_5_1, "title": "勞動(dòng)節(jié)"},  # 距離勞動(dòng) 
    {"v_": distance_5_5, "title": "端午節(jié)"},  # 距離端午 
    {"v_": distance_8_15, "title": "中秋節(jié)"},  # 距離中秋 
    {"v_": distance_10_1, "title": "國慶節(jié)"},  # 距離國慶 
]

至于為什么是 List 而不是 Dict，那是我需要做一個(gè)根據(jù)距離天數(shù)的排序，讓最先放假的節(jié)日放于最前面，這樣看起來會舒服得多。

time_ = sorted(time_, key=lambda x: x['v_'], reverse=False)

接下來要寫一個(gè) 路由，將數(shù)據(jù)傳入到 html 頁面中去。

@app.get("/", response_class=HTMLResponse) 
async def readme(request: Request): 
    return templates.TemplateResponse("readme.html", 
                                      {"request": request, "time_": time_, "now_": now_, "week_day_": week_day_})

來看一下完整的代碼 (main.py):

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- 
import datetime 
from fastapi import FastAPI, Request 
from fastapi.responses import HTMLResponse 
from fastapi.templating import Jinja2Templates 
from zhdate import ZhDate as lunar_date 
 
app = FastAPI( 
    debug=False, 
    title="My API", 
    docs_url=f"/docs", 
    openapi_url=f"/openapi.json" 
) 
 
templates = Jinja2Templates(directory="templates") 
 
today = datetime.date.today() 
 
# print(today.year, today.month, today.day) 
# print("大年時(shí)間: ", lunar_date(today.year+1, 1, 1).to_datetime().date()) 
# print("端午時(shí)間: ", lunar_date(today.year, 5, 5).to_datetime().date()) 
# print("中秋時(shí)間: ", lunar_date(today.year, 8, 15).to_datetime().date()) 
# print("元旦時(shí)間: ", f"{today.year+1}-01-01") 
# print("清明時(shí)間: ", f"{today.year+1}-04-05") 
# print("勞動(dòng)時(shí)間: ", f"{today.year+1}-05-01") 
# print("國慶時(shí)間: ", f"{today.year+1}-10-01") 
 
distance_big_year = (lunar_date(today.year + 1, 1, 1).to_datetime().date() - today).days 
 
distance_5_5 = (lunar_date(today.year, 5, 5).to_datetime().date() - today).days 
distance_5_5 = distance_5_5 if distance_5_5 > 0 else ( 
        lunar_date(today.year + 1, 5, 5).to_datetime().date() - today).days 
 
distance_8_15 = (lunar_date(today.year, 8, 15).to_datetime().date() - today).days 
distance_8_15 = distance_8_15 if distance_8_15 > 0 else ( 
        lunar_date(today.year + 1, 8, 15).to_datetime().date() - today).days 
 
distance_year = (datetime.datetime.strptime(f"{today.year + 1}-01-01", "%Y-%m-%d").date() - today).days 
 
distance_4_5 = (datetime.datetime.strptime(f"{today.year}-04-05", "%Y-%m-%d").date() - today).days 
distance_4_5 = distance_4_5 if distance_4_5 > 0 else ( 
        datetime.datetime.strptime(f"{today.year + 1}-04-05", "%Y-%m-%d").date() - today).days 
 
distance_5_1 = (datetime.datetime.strptime(f"{today.year}-05-01", "%Y-%m-%d").date() - today).days 
distance_5_1 = distance_5_1 if distance_5_1 > 0 else ( 
        datetime.datetime.strptime(f"{today.year + 1}-05-01", "%Y-%m-%d").date() - today).days 
 
distance_10_1 = (datetime.datetime.strptime(f"{today.year}-10-01", "%Y-%m-%d").date() - today).days 
distance_10_1 = distance_10_1 if distance_10_1 > 0 else ( 
        datetime.datetime.strptime(f"{today.year + 1}-10-01", "%Y-%m-%d").date() - today).days 
 
 
def get_week_day(date): 
    week_day_dict = { 
        0: '星期一', 
        1: '星期二', 
        2: '星期三', 
        3: '星期四', 
        4: '星期五', 
        5: '星期六', 
        6: '星期天', 
    } 
    day = date.weekday() 
    return week_day_dict[day] 
 
 
# print("距離大年: ", distance_big_year) 
# print("距離端午: ", distance_5_5) 
# print("距離中秋: ", distance_8_15) 
# print("距離元旦: ", distance_year) 
# print("距離清明: ", distance_4_5) 
# print("距離勞動(dòng): ", distance_5_1) 
# print("距離國慶: ", distance_10_1) 
# print("距離周末: ", 5 - today.weekday()) 
 
now_ = f"{today.year}年{today.month}月{today.day}日" 
week_day_ = get_week_day(today) 
time_ = [ 
    {"v_": 5 - 1 - today.weekday(), "title": "周末"},  # 距離周末 
    {"v_": distance_year, "title": "元旦"},  # 距離元旦 
    {"v_": distance_big_year, "title": "過年"},  # 距離過年 
    {"v_": distance_4_5, "title": "清明節(jié)"},  # 距離清明 
    {"v_": distance_5_1, "title": "勞動(dòng)節(jié)"},  # 距離勞動(dòng) 
    {"v_": distance_5_5, "title": "端午節(jié)"},  # 距離端午 
    {"v_": distance_8_15, "title": "中秋節(jié)"},  # 距離中秋 
    {"v_": distance_10_1, "title": "國慶節(jié)"},  # 距離國慶 
] 
 
time_ = sorted(time_, key=lambda x: x['v_'], reverse=False) 
 
 
@app.get("/", response_class=HTMLResponse) 
async def readme(request: Request): 
    return templates.TemplateResponse("readme.html", 
                                      {"request": request, "time_": time_, "now_": now_, "week_day_": week_day_}) 
 
 
if __name__ == '__main__': 
    import uvicorn 
 
    uvicorn.run(app='main:app', host="0.0.0.0", port=8080, reload=True)

最后就到了 html 頁面部分了，來看一下主要的傳值。

<center> 
    【摸魚辦公室】今天是 {{ now_ }} {{ week_day_ }} 
    <br><br> 
    {% for v_ in time_ %} 
        <p>?? 距離 {{ v_.title }} 放假還有 {{ v_.v_ }} 天</p> 
    {% else %} 
        <p>沒有任何值</p> 
    {% endfor %} 
 
</center>

這樣整個(gè)的路由構(gòu)造和頁面編寫就算是完成了。

最后通過 Nginx 部署到我的站點(diǎn)上。

摸魚辦預(yù)覽地址