python政策網(wǎng)字體反爬實(shí)例(附完整代碼)
更新時(shí)間：2022年01月23日 17:20:58 作者：Calitibs
大家好，本篇文章主要講的是python政策網(wǎng)字體反爬實(shí)例（附完整代碼），感興趣的同學(xué)趕快來看一看吧，對(duì)你有幫助的話記得收藏一下
字體反爬，也是一種常見的反爬技術(shù)，這些網(wǎng)站采用了自定義的字體文件，在瀏覽器上正常顯示，但是爬蟲抓取下來的數(shù)據(jù)要么就是亂碼，要么就是變成其他字符。下面我們通過其中一種方式解決字體反爬。
1 字體反爬案例
來源網(wǎng)站：查策網(wǎng)_https://www.chacewang.com/chanye/news。
我們可以看到網(wǎng)站展示的時(shí)間日期與html中的時(shí)間日期不一致，每次刷新網(wǎng)頁，html中的時(shí)間都會(huì)變化，與實(shí)際不一致。
2 使用環(huán)境
python3.6 + windows 10專業(yè)版 + pycharm 2019.1.3專業(yè)版
3 安裝python第三方庫
pip3 install requests ==2.25.1
pip3 install fontTools ==4.28.5
4 查看woff文件
刷新網(wǎng)頁，在network中可以查看到一個(gè)woff文件，woff文件未字體加密文件，我們需要解析文件內(nèi)容，得出加密字體與實(shí)際字體間的關(guān)系。
5 woff文件解決字體反爬全過程
5.1 調(diào)用第三方庫
import requests from fontTools.ttLib import TTFont
5.2 請求woff鏈接下載woff文件到本地
# 下載woff
url = "https://web.chace-ai.com/media/fonts/fFz9g4IQsHDyEaXI.woff?version=9.666110168223948"
headers = {
'accept':'*/*',
'accept-encoding':'gzip, deflate, br',
'accept-language':'zh-CN,zh;q=0.9',
'origin':'https://www.chacewang.com',
'referer':'https://www.chacewang.com/',
'user-agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/96.0.4664.93 Safari/537.36',
}
resp = requests.get(url=url, headers=headers)
save_woff = 'demo.woff'
with open(save_woff, "wb") as f:
f.write(resp.content)
f.close()
5.3 查看woff文件內(nèi)容，可以通過以下兩種方式
5.3.1 通過woff文件解析器，得到結(jié)果
5.3.2 將woff文件轉(zhuǎn)為xml文件，此操作也便于我們對(duì)字體反爬結(jié)果分析
# # woff轉(zhuǎn)xml文件 font = TTFont(save_woff) save_xml = 'demo.xml' font.saveXML(save_xml) # 轉(zhuǎn)換為xml文件
得到的xml文件如下：
一般來說，字體反爬是兩個(gè)方式表現(xiàn)：
形式一：GlyphID id與 GlyphID name形成對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系。
形式二：通過TTGlyph name的xy坐標(biāo)信息形成文字
通過對(duì)比，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)形式一得出的結(jié)果明顯不是我們想要的，因此我們對(duì)形式二進(jìn)行處理。 5.4 獲取所有坐標(biāo)，通過matplotlib展示結(jié)果并對(duì)結(jié)果進(jìn)行處理。
以此類推得出所有坐標(biāo)的信息：
5.5 建立字體反爬后與圓字體間對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系
# 字體反爬坐標(biāo)信息
dict_data = {
'[(96, 74), (158, 38), (231, 38), (333, 38), (445, 198), (445, 346), (444, 345), (443, 346), (393, 251), (275, 251), (179, 251), (54, 382), (54, 487), (54, 599), (191, 742), (300, 742), (413, 742), (541, 565), (541, 395), (541, 185), (376, -42), (231, -42), (151, -42), (96, -16), (151, 500), (151, 423), (229, 334), (298, 334), (358, 334), (439, 415), (439, 474), (439, 555), (359, 663), (292, 663), (231, 663), (151, 570)]':'9',
'[(75, 98), (153, 38), (251, 38), (329, 38), (421, 115), (421, 179), (421, 323), (215, 323), (151, 323), (151, 403), (212, 403), (394, 403), (394, 538), (394, 663), (255, 663), (175, 663), (104, 609), (104, 699), (179, 742), (278, 742), (375, 742), (493, 641), (493, 560), (493, 411), (341, 369), (341, 367), (423, 358), (519, 260), (519, 186), (519, 84), (371, -42), (249, -42), (141, -42), (75, -1)]':'3',
'[(518, -29), (57, -29), (57, 54), (277, 274), (368, 365), (430, 472), (430, 528), (430, 593), (358, 662), (289, 662), (188, 662), (96, 576), (96, 673), (185, 742), (304, 742), (407, 742), (525, 632), (525, 538), (525, 468), (449, 332), (343, 227), (170, 58), (170, 56), (518, 56)]':'2',
'[(92, 88), (168, 38), (251, 38), (329, 38), (425, 125), (425, 271), (328, 351), (235, 351), (191, 351), (115, 344), (115, 730), (488, 730), (488, 645), (204, 645), (204, 430), (247, 433), (268, 433), (388, 433), (523, 311), (523, 205), (523, 94), (379, -42), (252, -42), (145, -42), (92, -10)]':'5',
'[(503, 632), (444, 663), (380, 663), (281, 663), (162, 491), (161, 343), (163, 343), (217, 447), (335, 447), (433, 447), (551, 319), (551, 213), (551, 101), (415, -42), (310, -42), (194, -42), (63, 139), (63, 305), (63, 506), (236, 742), (377, 742), (457, 742), (503, 720), (167, 219), (167, 144), (246, 38), (312, 38), (375, 38), (454, 130), (454, 202), (454, 281), (380, 368), (311, 368), (247, 368), (167, 280)]':'6',
'[(557, 168), (460, 168), (460, -29), (367, -29), (367, 168), (14, 168), (14, 230), (349, 730), (460, 730), (460, 244), (557, 244), (367, 244), (367, 562), (367, 596), (369, 640), (367, 640), (360, 621), (338, 581), (113, 244)]':'4',
'[(544, 696), (247, -29), (148, -29), (430, 645), (51, 645), (51, 730), (544, 730)]':'7',
'[(49, 335), (49, 536), (183, 742), (309, 742), (550, 742), (550, 354), (550, 162), (414, -42), (292, -42), (176, -42), (49, 151), (147, 340), (147, 38), (301, 38), (452, 38), (452, 345), (452, 663), (304, 663), (147, 663)]':'0',
'[(219, 370), (84, 433), (84, 553), (84, 637), (211, 742), (310, 742), (401, 742), (518, 644), (518, 565), (518, 439), (377, 371), (377, 369), (543, 309), (543, 165), (543, 70), (406, -42), (284, -42), (183, -42), (57, 69), (57, 157), (57, 302), (219, 368), (421, 554), (421, 605), (358, 664), (303, 664), (252, 664), (181, 602), (181, 555), (181, 460), (300, 410), (421, 461), (294, 325), (153, 268), (153, 162), (153, 107), (236, 37), (366, 37), (446, 107), (446, 159), (446, 269)]':'8',
'[(532, -29), (97, -29), (97, 54), (267, 54), (267, 630), (93, 579), (93, 668), (363, 746), (363, 54), (532, 54)]':'1',
}
# 對(duì)應(yīng)實(shí)際字體信息
data_num_list = [9,3,2,5,6,4,7,0,8,1]
5.6 得到結(jié)果
結(jié)果一一對(duì)應(yīng)，完美撒花
6 完整代碼如下
# -*- coding:utf-8 _*-
import os
import requests
from fontTools.ttLib import TTFont
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import re
# 下載woff
url = "https://web.chace-ai.com/media/fonts/fFz9g4IQsHDyEaXI.woff?version=9.666110168223948"
headers = {
'accept':'*/*',
'accept-encoding':'gzip, deflate, br',
'accept-language':'zh-CN,zh;q=0.9',
'origin':'https://www.chacewang.com',
'referer':'https://www.chacewang.com/',
'user-agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/96.0.4664.93 Safari/537.36',
}
resp = requests.get(url=url, headers=headers)
save_woff = 'demo.woff'
with open(save_woff, "wb") as f:
f.write(resp.content)
f.close()
# # woff轉(zhuǎn)xml文件
font = TTFont(save_woff)
save_xml = 'demo.xml'
font.saveXML(save_xml) # 轉(zhuǎn)換為xml文件
# # 讀取woff文件
font = TTFont('demo.woff')
dict_data = {
'[(96, 74), (158, 38), (231, 38), (333, 38), (445, 198), (445, 346), (444, 345), (443, 346), (393, 251), (275, 251), (179, 251), (54, 382), (54, 487), (54, 599), (191, 742), (300, 742), (413, 742), (541, 565), (541, 395), (541, 185), (376, -42), (231, -42), (151, -42), (96, -16), (151, 500), (151, 423), (229, 334), (298, 334), (358, 334), (439, 415), (439, 474), (439, 555), (359, 663), (292, 663), (231, 663), (151, 570)]':'9',
'[(75, 98), (153, 38), (251, 38), (329, 38), (421, 115), (421, 179), (421, 323), (215, 323), (151, 323), (151, 403), (212, 403), (394, 403), (394, 538), (394, 663), (255, 663), (175, 663), (104, 609), (104, 699), (179, 742), (278, 742), (375, 742), (493, 641), (493, 560), (493, 411), (341, 369), (341, 367), (423, 358), (519, 260), (519, 186), (519, 84), (371, -42), (249, -42), (141, -42), (75, -1)]':'3',
'[(518, -29), (57, -29), (57, 54), (277, 274), (368, 365), (430, 472), (430, 528), (430, 593), (358, 662), (289, 662), (188, 662), (96, 576), (96, 673), (185, 742), (304, 742), (407, 742), (525, 632), (525, 538), (525, 468), (449, 332), (343, 227), (170, 58), (170, 56), (518, 56)]':'2',
'[(92, 88), (168, 38), (251, 38), (329, 38), (425, 125), (425, 271), (328, 351), (235, 351), (191, 351), (115, 344), (115, 730), (488, 730), (488, 645), (204, 645), (204, 430), (247, 433), (268, 433), (388, 433), (523, 311), (523, 205), (523, 94), (379, -42), (252, -42), (145, -42), (92, -10)]':'5',
'[(503, 632), (444, 663), (380, 663), (281, 663), (162, 491), (161, 343), (163, 343), (217, 447), (335, 447), (433, 447), (551, 319), (551, 213), (551, 101), (415, -42), (310, -42), (194, -42), (63, 139), (63, 305), (63, 506), (236, 742), (377, 742), (457, 742), (503, 720), (167, 219), (167, 144), (246, 38), (312, 38), (375, 38), (454, 130), (454, 202), (454, 281), (380, 368), (311, 368), (247, 368), (167, 280)]':'6',
'[(557, 168), (460, 168), (460, -29), (367, -29), (367, 168), (14, 168), (14, 230), (349, 730), (460, 730), (460, 244), (557, 244), (367, 244), (367, 562), (367, 596), (369, 640), (367, 640), (360, 621), (338, 581), (113, 244)]':'4',
'[(544, 696), (247, -29), (148, -29), (430, 645), (51, 645), (51, 730), (544, 730)]':'7',
'[(49, 335), (49, 536), (183, 742), (309, 742), (550, 742), (550, 354), (550, 162), (414, -42), (292, -42), (176, -42), (49, 151), (147, 340), (147, 38), (301, 38), (452, 38), (452, 345), (452, 663), (304, 663), (147, 663)]':'0',
'[(219, 370), (84, 433), (84, 553), (84, 637), (211, 742), (310, 742), (401, 742), (518, 644), (518, 565), (518, 439), (377, 371), (377, 369), (543, 309), (543, 165), (543, 70), (406, -42), (284, -42), (183, -42), (57, 69), (57, 157), (57, 302), (219, 368), (421, 554), (421, 605), (358, 664), (303, 664), (252, 664), (181, 602), (181, 555), (181, 460), (300, 410), (421, 461), (294, 325), (153, 268), (153, 162), (153, 107), (236, 37), (366, 37), (446, 107), (446, 159), (446, 269)]':'8',
'[(532, -29), (97, -29), (97, 54), (267, 54), (267, 630), (93, 579), (93, 668), (363, 746), (363, 54), (532, 54)]':'1',
}
data_num_list = [9,3,2,5,6,4,7,0,8,1]
result_list = []
for i in range(0,10):
x = []
y = []
val = []
for _data in font['glyf']['{}'.format(i)].coordinates:
_x = _data[0]
_y = _data[1]
x.append(_x)
y.append(_y)
_val = (_x,_y)
val.append(_val)
_result = dict_data.get(str(val))
result_list.append(_result)
# print(result_list)
_result = result_list[1:] + list(result_list[0])
print(_result)
# ps： 這是我針對(duì)此次字體反爬的解決方法，歡迎各位大佬給出意見或提問咨詢
總結(jié)
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