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Python學(xué)習(xí)之12個(gè)常用基礎(chǔ)語(yǔ)法詳解

 更新時(shí)間:2022年02月24日 09:59:02   作者:Dragon少年  
這篇文章主要為大家介紹了12個(gè)Python小案例,包含了日常開(kāi)發(fā)中非常實(shí)用的語(yǔ)法,快來(lái)跟隨小編一起學(xué)習(xí)一下,看看自己都會(huì)多少個(gè)呢

前言

前幾天寫(xiě)了一篇關(guān)于python高級(jí)語(yǔ)法的文章:python進(jìn)階從青銅到王者一定會(huì)用上的Python技巧。

有讀者私信說(shuō):怎么看自己是不是入門(mén)python了呢? 開(kāi)發(fā)中高頻python基礎(chǔ)語(yǔ)法有哪些呢?

下面通過(guò)12個(gè)小案例,包含了日常開(kāi)發(fā)中非常實(shí)用的語(yǔ)法,大家一起來(lái)檢驗(yàn)下你會(huì)幾個(gè)呢?

1. 多個(gè)字符串組合為一個(gè)字符串

list_of_strings = ['My', 'name', 'is', 'Dragon']

# Using join with the comma separator
print(' '.join(list_of_strings))

# Output
# My name is Dragon

2. 字符串拆分為子字符串列表

string_1 = "My name is Dragon"
string_2 = "sample/ string 2"

# default separator ' '
print(string_1.split())
# ['My', 'name', 'is', 'Dragon']

# defining separator as '/'
print(string_2.split('/'))
# ['sample', ' string 2']

3. 統(tǒng)計(jì)列表中元素的次數(shù)

# finding frequency of each element in a list
from collections import Counter

my_list = ['a','a','b','b','b','c','d','d','d','d','d']
count = Counter(my_list) # defining a counter object

print(count) # Of all elements
# Counter({'d': 5, 'b': 3, 'a': 2, 'c': 1})

print(count['b']) # of individual element
# 3

print(count.most_common(1)) # most frequent element
# [('d', 5)]

4. 使用try-except-else-block模塊

a, b = 1,0

try:
    print(a/b)
    # exception raised when b is 0
except ZeroDivisionError:
    print("division by zero")
else:
    print("no exceptions raised")
finally:
    print("Run this always")

# output
# division by zero
# Run this always

5. 使用枚舉函數(shù)得到key/value對(duì)

my_list = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e']

for index, value in enumerate(my_list):
    print('{0}: {1}'.format(index, value))

# 0: a
# 1: b
# 2: c
# 3: d
# 4: e

6. 檢查對(duì)象的內(nèi)存使用情況

import sys
num = 21
print(sys.getsizeof(num))
# In Python 3, 28

7. 合并字典

dict_1 = {'apple': 9, 'banana': 6}
dict_2 = {'banana': 4, 'orange': 8}

combined_dict = {**dict_1, **dict_2}

print(combined_dict)
# Output
# {'apple': 9, 'banana': 4, 'orange': 8}

8. 計(jì)算執(zhí)行一段代碼所花費(fèi)的時(shí)間

import time

start_time = time.time()
# Code to check follows
for i in range(10**5):
    a, b = 1,2
    c = a+ b
# Code to check ends
end_time = time.time()
time_taken_in_micro = (end_time- start_time)*(10**6)

print(time_taken_in_micro)

# output
# 28770.217895507812

9. 列表展開(kāi)

from iteration_utilities import deepflatten

# if you only have one depth nested_list, use this
def flatten(l):
  return [item for sublist in l for item in sublist]

l = [[1,2,3],[3]]
print(flatten(l))
# [1, 2, 3, 3]

# if you don't know how deep the list is nested
l = [[1,2,3],[4,[5],[6,7]],[8,[9,[10]]]]

print(list(deepflatten(l, depth=3)))
# [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]

10. 列表采樣

import random

my_list = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e']
num_samples = 2

samples = random.sample(my_list,num_samples)
print(samples)
# [ 'a', 'e'] this will have any 2 random values

11. 數(shù)字化

num = 123456

# using map
list_of_digits = list(map(int, str(num)))

print(list_of_digits)
# [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]

# using list comprehension
list_of_digits = [int(x) for x in str(num)]

print(list_of_digits)
# [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]

12. 檢查列表元素的唯一性

def unique(l):
    if len(l)==len(set(l)):
        print("All elements are unique")
    else:
        print("List has duplicates")

unique([1,2,3,4])
# All elements are unique

unique([1,1,2,3])
# List has duplicates

到此這篇關(guān)于Python學(xué)習(xí)之12個(gè)常用基礎(chǔ)語(yǔ)法詳解的文章就介紹到這了,更多相關(guān)Python基礎(chǔ)語(yǔ)法內(nèi)容請(qǐng)搜索腳本之家以前的文章或繼續(xù)瀏覽下面的相關(guān)文章希望大家以后多多支持腳本之家!

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