詳解如何利用Python制作24點(diǎn)小游戲

更新時間：2022年03月05日 16:21:37 作者：Charles的皮卡丘

這篇文章主要為大家詳細(xì)介紹了如何通過Python制作24點(diǎn)小游戲，文中示例代碼介紹的非常詳細(xì)，具有一定的參考價值，感興趣的小伙伴們可以參考一下

先睹為快

24點(diǎn)

游戲規(guī)則(改編自維基百科)

從1~10這十個數(shù)字中隨機(jī)抽取4個數(shù)字(可重復(fù))，對這四個數(shù)運(yùn)用加、減、乘、除和括號進(jìn)行運(yùn)算得出24。每個數(shù)字都必須使用一次，但不能重復(fù)使用。

逐步實(shí)現(xiàn)

Step1：制作24點(diǎn)生成器

既然是24點(diǎn)小游戲，當(dāng)然要先定義一個24點(diǎn)游戲生成器啦。主要思路就是隨機(jī)生成4個有解的數(shù)字，且范圍在1~10之間，代碼實(shí)現(xiàn)如下：

	def generate(self):
		self.__reset()
		while True:
			self.numbers_ori = [random.randint(1, 10) for i in range(4)]
			self.numbers_now = copy.deepcopy(self.numbers_ori)
			self.answers = self.__verify()
			if self.answers:
				break

在驗(yàn)證4個數(shù)字是否有解并求出所有解部分，我直接暴力枚舉然后去重了，感興趣的同學(xué)可以自己再優(yōu)化一下求解算法(有數(shù)字重復(fù)的時候)。我的代碼如下圖所示，其實(shí)就是遞歸枚舉所有排序然后一一驗(yàn)證是否有解：

	'''驗(yàn)證生成的數(shù)字是否有答案'''
	def __verify(self):
		answers = []
		for item in self.__iter(self.numbers_ori, len(self.numbers_ori)):
			item_dict = []
			list(map(lambda i: item_dict.append({str(i): i}), item))
			solution1 = self.__func(self.__func(self.__func(item_dict[0], item_dict[1]), item_dict[2]), item_dict[3])
			solution2 = self.__func(self.__func(item_dict[0], item_dict[1]), self.__func(item_dict[2], item_dict[3]))
			solution = dict()
			solution.update(solution1)
			solution.update(solution2)
			for key, value in solution.items():
				if float(value) == self.target:
					answers.append(key)
		# 避免有數(shù)字重復(fù)時表達(dá)式重復(fù)(T_T懶得優(yōu)化了)
		answers = list(set(answers))
		return answers
	'''遞歸枚舉'''
	def __iter(self, items, n):
		for idx, item in enumerate(items):
			if n == 1:
				yield [item]
			else:
				for each in self.__iter(items[:idx]+items[idx+1:], n-1):
					yield [item] + each
	'''計算函數(shù)'''
	def __func(self, a, b):
		res = dict()
		for key1, value1 in a.items():
			for key2, value2 in b.items():
				res.update({'('+key1+'+'+key2+')': value1+value2})
				res.update({'('+key1+'-'+key2+')': value1-value2})
				res.update({'('+key2+'-'+key1+')': value2-value1})
				res.update({'('+key1+'×'+key2+')': value1*value2})
				value2 > 0 and res.update({'('+key1+'÷'+key2+')': value1/value2})
				value1 > 0 and res.update({'('+key2+'÷'+key1+')': value2/value1})
		return res

Step2：定義游戲精靈類

因?yàn)橥婕倚枰ㄟ^鼠標(biāo)點(diǎn)擊來操作卡片，這時候就涉及到一些碰撞檢測。所以先定義一些必要的游戲精靈類。

①卡片類

卡片類的定義也很簡單，在屏幕上根據(jù)被賦予的屬性值來顯示自身即可。當(dāng)然之后也需要根據(jù)用戶的操作來改變這些屬性值(內(nèi)容、顏色、字體等)并在屏幕上根據(jù)屬性的改變而改變顯示狀態(tài)即可。具體而言代碼實(shí)現(xiàn)如下：

class Card(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
	def __init__(self, x, y, width, height, text, font, font_colors, bg_colors, attribute, **kwargs):
		pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self)
		self.rect = pygame.Rect(x, y, width, height)
		self.text = text
		self.attribute = attribute
		self.font_info = font
		self.font = pygame.font.Font(font[0], font[1])
		self.font_colors = font_colors
		self.is_selected = False
		self.select_order = None
		self.bg_colors = bg_colors
	'''畫到屏幕上'''
	def draw(self, screen, mouse_pos):
		pygame.draw.rect(screen, self.bg_colors[1], self.rect, 0)
		if self.rect.collidepoint(mouse_pos):
			pygame.draw.rect(screen, self.bg_colors[0], self.rect, 0)
		font_color = self.font_colors[self.is_selected]
		text_render = self.font.render(self.text, True, font_color)
		font_size = self.font.size(self.text)
		screen.blit(text_render, (self.rect.x+(self.rect.width-font_size[0])/2,
								  self.rect.y+(self.rect.height-font_size[1])/2))

②按鈕類

按鈕類和卡片類類似，唯一的不同點(diǎn)就是在用戶點(diǎn)擊按鈕時需要根據(jù)該按鈕的功能來響應(yīng)用戶的本次點(diǎn)擊操作(即實(shí)現(xiàn)一次該功能)。因此只需要繼承卡片類，然后再定義一個響應(yīng)用戶點(diǎn)擊按鈕事件的回調(diào)函數(shù)即可。代碼實(shí)現(xiàn)如下：

class Button(Card):
	def __init__(self, x, y, width, height, text, font, font_colors, bg_colors, attribute, **kwargs):
		Card.__init__(self, x, y, width, height, text, font, font_colors, bg_colors, attribute)
	'''根據(jù)button function執(zhí)行響應(yīng)操作'''
	def do(self, game24_gen, func, sprites_group, objs):
		if self.attribute == 'NEXT':
			for obj in objs:
				obj.font = pygame.font.Font(obj.font_info[0], obj.font_info[1])
				obj.text = obj.attribute
			self.font = pygame.font.Font(self.font_info[0], self.font_info[1])
			self.text = self.attribute
			game24_gen.generate()
			sprites_group = func(game24_gen.numbers_now)
		elif self.attribute == 'RESET':
			for obj in objs:
				obj.font = pygame.font.Font(obj.font_info[0], obj.font_info[1])
				obj.text = obj.attribute
			game24_gen.numbers_now = game24_gen.numbers_ori
			game24_gen.answers_idx = 0
			sprites_group = func(game24_gen.numbers_now)
		elif self.attribute == 'ANSWERS':
			self.font = pygame.font.Font(self.font_info[0], 20)
			self.text = '[%d/%d]: ' % (game24_gen.answers_idx+1, len(game24_gen.answers)) + game24_gen.answers[game24_gen.answers_idx]
			game24_gen.answers_idx = (game24_gen.answers_idx+1) % len(game24_gen.answers)
		else:
			raise ValueError('Button.attribute unsupport <%s>, expect <%s>, <%s> or <%s>...' % (self.attribute, 'NEXT', 'RESET', 'ANSWERS'))
		return sprites_group

Step3：實(shí)現(xiàn)游戲主循環(huán)

先構(gòu)思一下怎么設(shè)計游戲主界面，個人的簡單設(shè)計草圖如下(不是特別走心的設(shè)計草圖T_T)：

OK，開搞。先初始化、加載必要的素材和定義必要的變量，代碼實(shí)現(xiàn)如下：

        # 初始化, 導(dǎo)入必要的游戲素材
	pygame.init()
	pygame.mixer.init()
	screen = pygame.display.set_mode(SCREENSIZE)
	pygame.display.set_caption('24 point - 微信公眾號: Charles的皮卡丘')
	win_sound = pygame.mixer.Sound(AUDIOWINPATH)
	lose_sound = pygame.mixer.Sound(AUDIOLOSEPATH)
	warn_sound = pygame.mixer.Sound(AUDIOWARNPATH)
	pygame.mixer.music.load(BGMPATH)
	pygame.mixer.music.play(-1, 0.0)
	# 24點(diǎn)游戲生成器
	game24_gen = game24Generator()
	game24_gen.generate()
	# 精靈組
	# --數(shù)字
	number_sprites_group = getNumberSpritesGroup(game24_gen.numbers_now)
	# --運(yùn)算符
	operator_sprites_group = getOperatorSpritesGroup(OPREATORS)
	# --按鈕
	button_sprites_group = getButtonSpritesGroup(BUTTONS)
	# 游戲主循環(huán)
	clock = pygame.time.Clock()
	selected_numbers = []
	selected_operators = []
	selected_buttons = []
	is_win = False

游戲主循環(huán)主要分三個部分，首先是按鍵檢測：

		for event in pygame.event.get():
			if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
				pygame.quit()
				sys.exit(-1)
			elif event.type == pygame.MOUSEBUTTONUP:
				mouse_pos = pygame.mouse.get_pos()
				selected_numbers = checkClicked(number_sprites_group, mouse_pos, 'NUMBER')
				selected_operators = checkClicked(operator_sprites_group, mouse_pos, 'OPREATOR')
				selected_buttons = checkClicked(button_sprites_group, mouse_pos, 'BUTTON')

根據(jù)檢測結(jié)果更新卡片狀態(tài)和一些變量：

'''檢查控件是否被點(diǎn)擊'''
def checkClicked(group, mouse_pos, group_type='NUMBER'):
	selected = []
	# 數(shù)字卡片/運(yùn)算符卡片
	if group_type == GROUPTYPES[0] or group_type == GROUPTYPES[1]:
		max_selected = 2 if group_type == GROUPTYPES[0] else 1
		num_selected = 0
		for each in group:
			num_selected += int(each.is_selected)
		for each in group:
			if each.rect.collidepoint(mouse_pos):
				if each.is_selected:
					each.is_selected = not each.is_selected
					num_selected -= 1
					each.select_order = None
				else:
					if num_selected < max_selected:
						each.is_selected = not each.is_selected
						num_selected += 1
						each.select_order = str(num_selected)
			if each.is_selected:
				selected.append(each.attribute)
	# 按鈕卡片
	elif group_type == GROUPTYPES[2]:
		for each in group:
			if each.rect.collidepoint(mouse_pos):
				each.is_selected = True
				selected.append(each.attribute)
	# 拋出異常
	else:
		raise ValueError('checkClicked.group_type unsupport <%s>, expect <%s>, <%s> or <%s>...' % (group_type, *GROUPTYPES))
	return selected

當(dāng)有兩個數(shù)字和一個運(yùn)算符被點(diǎn)擊時，則執(zhí)行被點(diǎn)擊數(shù)字1{+/-/×/÷}被點(diǎn)擊數(shù)字2操作(數(shù)字1、2根據(jù)點(diǎn)擊順序確定)，并進(jìn)一步更新卡片屬性和一些必要的變量：

		if len(selected_numbers) == 2 and len(selected_operators) == 1:
			noselected_numbers = []
			for each in number_sprites_group:
				if each.is_selected:
					if each.select_order == '1':
						selected_number1 = each.attribute
					elif each.select_order == '2':
						selected_number2 = each.attribute
					else:
						raise ValueError('Unknow select_order <%s>, expect <1> or <2>...' % each.select_order)
				else:
					noselected_numbers.append(each.attribute)
				each.is_selected = False
			for each in operator_sprites_group:
				each.is_selected = False
			result = calculate(selected_number1, selected_number2, *selected_operators)
			if result is not None:
				game24_gen.numbers_now = noselected_numbers + [result]
				is_win = game24_gen.check()
				if is_win:
					win_sound.play()
				if not is_win and len(game24_gen.numbers_now) == 1:
					lose_sound.play()
			else:
				warn_sound.play()
			selected_numbers = []
			selected_operators = []
			number_sprites_group = getNumberSpritesGroup(game24_gen.numbers_now)

最后根據(jù)各個卡片的屬性在屏幕上顯示各個卡片，若游戲勝利/游戲失敗，則同時顯示游戲勝利/游戲失敗提示框：

		# 精靈都畫到screen上
		for each in number_sprites_group:
			each.draw(screen, pygame.mouse.get_pos())
		for each in operator_sprites_group:
			each.draw(screen, pygame.mouse.get_pos())
		for each in button_sprites_group:
			if selected_buttons and selected_buttons[0] in ['RESET', 'NEXT']:
				is_win = False
			if selected_buttons and each.attribute == selected_buttons[0]:
				each.is_selected = False
				number_sprites_group = each.do(game24_gen, getNumberSpritesGroup, number_sprites_group, button_sprites_group)
				selected_buttons = []
			each.draw(screen, pygame.mouse.get_pos())
		# 游戲勝利
		if is_win:
			showInfo('Congratulations', screen)
		# 游戲失敗
		if not is_win and len(game24_gen.numbers_now) == 1:
			showInfo('Game Over', screen)
		pygame.display.flip()
		clock.tick(30)

到此這篇關(guān)于詳解如何利用Python制作24點(diǎn)小游戲的文章就介紹到這了,更多相關(guān)Python24點(diǎn)游戲內(nèi)容請搜索腳本之家以前的文章或繼續(xù)瀏覽下面的相關(guān)文章希望大家以后多多支持腳本之家！

您可能感興趣的文章: