Python實(shí)現(xiàn)的matplotlib動(dòng)畫演示之細(xì)胞自動(dòng)機(jī)

更新時(shí)間：2022年04月21日 09:40:07 作者：小小明-代碼實(shí)體

這篇文章主要介紹了Python實(shí)現(xiàn)的matplotlib動(dòng)畫演示之細(xì)胞自動(dòng)機(jī),用python來模擬，首先嘗試表示Beacon，本文通過實(shí)例代碼給大家介紹的非常詳細(xì)，需要的朋友可以參考下

Any live cell with fewer than two live neighbours dies, as if caused by underpopulation.
Any live cell with two or three live neighbours lives on to the next generation.
Any live cell with more than three live neighbours dies, as if by overpopulation.
Any dead cell with exactly three live neighbours becomes a live cell, as if by reproduction.

總結(jié)就是：任何活細(xì)胞在有兩到三個(gè)活鄰居時(shí)能活到下一代，否則死亡。任何有三個(gè)活鄰居的死細(xì)胞會(huì)變成活細(xì)胞，表示繁殖。

在Conway’s Game of Life中，展示了幾種初始狀態(tài)：

2022-04-20

下面我們用python來模擬，首先嘗試表示Beacon：

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
universe = np.zeros((6, 6), "byte")
# Beacon
universe[1:3, 1:3] = 1
universe[3:5, 3:5] = 1
print(universe)
im = plt.imshow(universe, cmap="binary")

[[0 0 0 0 0 0]
 [0 1 1 0 0 0]
 [0 1 1 0 0 0]
 [0 0 0 1 1 0]
 [0 0 0 1 1 0]
 [0 0 0 0 0 0]]

可以看到已經(jīng)成功的打印出了Beacon的形狀，下面我們繼續(xù)編寫細(xì)胞自動(dòng)機(jī)的演化規(guī)則：

def cellular_auto(universe):
    universe_new = universe.copy()
    h, w = universe.shape
    for y in range(h):
        for x in range(w):
            neighbor_num = universe[x-1:x+2, y-1:y+2].sum()-universe[x, y]
            # 任何有三個(gè)活鄰居的死細(xì)胞都變成了活細(xì)胞，繁殖一樣。
            if universe[x, y] == 0 and neighbor_num == 3:
                universe_new[x, y] = 1
            # 任何有兩到三個(gè)活鄰居的活細(xì)胞都能活到下一代，否則就會(huì)死亡。
            if universe[x, y] == 1 and neighbor_num not in (2, 3):
                universe_new[x, y] = 0
    return universe_new
universe = cellular_auto(universe)
print(universe)
plt.axis("off")
im = plt.imshow(universe, cmap="binary")

[[0 0 0 0 0 0]
 [0 1 1 0 0 0]
 [0 1 0 0 0 0]
 [0 0 0 0 1 0]
 [0 0 0 1 1 0]
 [0 0 0 0 0 0]]

ArtistAnimation動(dòng)畫

基于此我們可以制作matplotlib的動(dòng)畫，下面直接將Blinker、Toad、Beacon都放上去：

from matplotlib import animation
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
%matplotlib notebook

def cellular_auto(universe):
    universe_new = universe.copy()
    h, w = universe.shape
    for y in range(h):
        for x in range(w):
            neighbor_num = universe[x-1:x+2, y-1:y+2].sum()-universe[x, y]
            # 任何有三個(gè)活鄰居的死細(xì)胞都變成了活細(xì)胞，繁殖一樣。
            if universe[x, y] == 0 and neighbor_num == 3:
                universe_new[x, y] = 1
            # 任何有兩到三個(gè)活鄰居的活細(xì)胞都能活到下一代，否則就會(huì)死亡。
            if universe[x, y] == 1 and neighbor_num not in (2, 3):
                universe_new[x, y] = 0
    return universe_new
universe = np.zeros((12, 12), "byte")
# Blinker
universe[2, 1:4] = 1
# Beacon
universe[4:6, 5:7] = 1
universe[6:8, 7:9] = 1
# Toad
universe[8, 2:5] = 1
universe[9, 1:4] = 1
fig = plt.figure()
plt.axis("off")
im = plt.imshow(universe, cmap="binary")
frame = []
for _ in range(2):
    frame.append((plt.imshow(universe, cmap="binary"),))
    universe = cellular_auto(universe)
animation.ArtistAnimation(fig, frame, interval=500, blit=True)

2022-04-20 20

然后我們畫一下Pulsar：

# Pulsar
universe = np.zeros((17, 17), "byte")
universe[[2, 7, 9, 14], 4:7] = 1
universe[[2, 7, 9, 14], 10:13] = 1
universe[4:7, [2, 7, 9, 14]] = 1
universe[10:13, [2, 7, 9, 14]] = 1
fig = plt.figure()
plt.axis("off")
im = plt.imshow(universe, cmap="binary")
frame = []
for _ in range(3):
    frame.append((plt.imshow(universe, cmap="binary"),))
    universe = cellular_auto(universe)
animation.ArtistAnimation(fig, frame, interval=500, blit=True)

2022-04-20 21

FuncAnimation動(dòng)畫

另一種創(chuàng)建matplotlib動(dòng)畫的方法是使用FuncAnimation，完整代碼：

from matplotlib import animation
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from IPython.display import HTML
# %matplotlib notebook

def cellular_auto(universe):
    universe_new = universe.copy()
    h, w = universe.shape
    for y in range(h):
        for x in range(w):
            neighbor_num = universe[x-1:x+2, y-1:y+2].sum()-universe[x, y]
            # 任何有三個(gè)活鄰居的死細(xì)胞都變成了活細(xì)胞，繁殖一樣。
            if universe[x, y] == 0 and neighbor_num == 3:
                universe_new[x, y] = 1
            # 任何有兩到三個(gè)活鄰居的活細(xì)胞都能活到下一代，否則就會(huì)死亡。
            if universe[x, y] == 1 and neighbor_num not in (2, 3):
                universe_new[x, y] = 0
    return universe_new
def update(i=0):
    global universe
    im.set_data(universe)
    universe = cellular_auto(universe)
    return im,
# Pulsar
universe = np.zeros((17, 17), "byte")
universe[[2, 7, 9, 14], 4:7] = 1
universe[[2, 7, 9, 14], 10:13] = 1
universe[4:7, [2, 7, 9, 14]] = 1
universe[10:13, [2, 7, 9, 14]] = 1
fig = plt.figure()
plt.axis("off")
im = plt.imshow(universe, cmap="binary")
plt.show()
anim = animation.FuncAnimation(
    fig, update, frames=3, interval=500, blit=True)
HTML(anim.to_jshtml())

2022-04-20 21-20

這種動(dòng)畫生成速度較慢，好處是可以導(dǎo)出html文件：

with open("out.html", "w") as f:
    f.write(anim.to_jshtml())

還可以保存MP4視頻：

anim.save("out.mp4")

或gif動(dòng)畫：

anim.save("out.gif")

注意：保存MP4視頻或GIF動(dòng)畫，需要事先將ffmpeg配置到環(huán)境變量中

ffmpeg下載地址：

鏈接: https://pan.baidu.com/s/1aioB_BwpKb6LxJs26HbbiQ?pwd=ciui
提取碼: ciui

隨機(jī)生命游戲

接下來，我們創(chuàng)建一個(gè)50*50的二維生命棋盤，并選取其中1500個(gè)位置作為初始活細(xì)胞點(diǎn)，我們看看最終生成的動(dòng)畫如何。

完整代碼如下：

from matplotlib import animation
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
%matplotlib notebook

def cellular_auto(universe):
    universe_new = universe.copy()
    h, w = universe.shape
    for y in range(1, h-1):
        for x in range(1, w-1):
            neighbor_num = universe[x-1:x+2, y-1:y+2].sum()-universe[x, y]
            # 任何有三個(gè)活鄰居的死細(xì)胞都變成了活細(xì)胞，繁殖一樣。
            if universe[x, y] == 0 and neighbor_num == 3:
                universe_new[x, y] = 1
            # 任何有兩到三個(gè)活鄰居的活細(xì)胞都能活到下一代，否則就會(huì)死亡。
            if universe[x, y] == 1 and neighbor_num not in (2, 3):
                universe_new[x, y] = 0
    # 邊緣置零
    universe[[0, -1]] = 0
    universe[:, [0, -1]] = 0
    return universe_new
boardsize, pad = 50, 2
universe = np.zeros((boardsize+pad, boardsize+pad), "byte")
# 隨機(jī)選取1500個(gè)點(diǎn)作為初始活細(xì)胞
for i in range(1500):
    x, y = np.random.randint(1, boardsize+1, 2)
    universe[y, x] = 1
    
fig = plt.figure()
plt.axis("off")
im = plt.imshow(universe, cmap="binary")
frame = []
for _ in range(200):
    frame.append((plt.imshow(universe, cmap="binary"),))
    universe = cellular_auto(universe)
animation.ArtistAnimation(fig, frame, interval=50, blit=True)

2022-04-20 22-43

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