ID = “id”
XPATH = “xpath”
LINK_TEXT = “link text”
PARTIAL_LINK_TEXT = “partial link text”
NAME = “name”
TAG_NAME = “tag name”
CLASS_NAME = “class name”
CSS_SELECTOR = “css selector”

id：有ID就用ID定位，基本不會重復(fù)
name：有name可以考慮用，name類似于人的名字，雖然相對少見的值，但是容易重名
link text：基于文本定位鏈接標(biāo)簽
partial link text：類似于SQL中的like%,模糊查找
tag name：基于標(biāo)簽名稱來查找元素，大概率有多個結(jié)果，一般用于查找多個重復(fù)的內(nèi)容的時候使用。
class：基于class屬性進(jìn)行元素查找，非必要不推薦，重復(fù)率高
css selector：定位界萬金油，有自己的獨(dú)特語法，定位語法麻煩，基于標(biāo)簽的class內(nèi)容進(jìn)行定位，使用copy
selector確定位置

xpath：定位界萬金油，有自己的獨(dú)特語法，定位速度慢，基于樹狀結(jié)構(gòu)形態(tài)定位,使用Copy XPath, Copy full
XPath來確定位置

總結(jié)：有id用id，沒id用name，都不行用css/xpath，鏈接可以用link text。find_element元素定位如果同時有多個結(jié)果，默認(rèn)返回定位的第一個結(jié)果;find_elements元素定位返回一個列表

實(shí)例

測試目的

測試Selenium4的8種元素定位方法

ID、CSS_SELECTOR

輸入欄輸入yoga,點(diǎn)擊搜索

實(shí)例網(wǎng)站

京東

實(shí)例代碼

import time
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.service import Service
service = Service(executable_path=r"C:\Program Files (x86)\Google\Chrome\Application\chromedriver.exe")
driver = webdriver.Chrome(service=service)
driver.get(url="https://www.jd.com/")
# id
driver.find_element(by=By.ID,value="key").send_keys("yoga")
# css selector
driver.find_element(by=By.CSS_SELECTOR,value="#search > div > div.form > button").click()
time.sleep(3)
driver.quit()

結(jié)果展示

NAME、LINK_TEXT、PARTIAL_LINK_TEXT

用NAME元素輸入yoga，用LINK_TEXT定位how123,用PARTIAL_LINK_TEXT定位hao123

實(shí)例網(wǎng)站

可以自行百度

實(shí)例代碼

import time
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.service import Service
service = Service(executable_path=r"C:\Program Files (x86)\Google\Chrome\Application\chromedriver.exe")
driver = webdriver.Chrome(service=service)
driver.get(url="https://www.baidu.com/")
# id
driver.find_element(by=By.NAME,value="wd").send_keys("yoga")
time.sleep(3)
driver.get(url="https://www.baidu.com/")
# link text
driver.find_element(by=By.LINK_TEXT,value="hao123").click()
time.sleep(3)
# css selector
driver.get(url="https://www.baidu.com/")
driver.find_element(by=By.PARTIAL_LINK_TEXT,value="1").click()
time.sleep(3)
driver.quit()

結(jié)果展示

CSS、XPATH

點(diǎn)擊熱搜第一

實(shí)例網(wǎng)站

微博熱搜

實(shí)例代碼

import time
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.service import Service
service = Service(executable_path=r"C:\Program Files (x86)\Google\Chrome\Application\chromedriver.exe")
driver = webdriver.Chrome(service=service)
driver.get(url="https://weibo.com/newlogin?tabtype=search&openLoginLayer=0&url=")

time.sleep(6) # Redirect
# css selector
driver.find_element(by=By.CSS_SELECTOR,value="#scroller > div.vue-recycle-scroller__item-wrapper > div:nth-child(2) > div > div > a > div > div > div.woo-box-item-flex").click()
time.sleep(3)

# xpath
driver.get(url="https://weibo.com/newlogin?tabtype=search&openLoginLayer=0&url=")
time.sleep(6)
driver.find_element(by=By.XPATH,value='//*[@id="scroller"]/div[1]/div[2]/div/div/a/div/div/div[1]').click()

time.sleep(3)
driver.quit()

結(jié)果展示

CSDN判定圖片違規(guī)，無法上傳

TAG_NAME、CLASS

去除首頁作弊通知彈窗

實(shí)例平臺

豆豆玩

實(shí)例代碼

import time
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.service import Service
service = Service(executable_path=r"C:\Program Files (x86)\Google\Chrome\Application\chromedriver.exe")
driver = webdriver.Chrome(service=service)
driver.get(url="http://doudouwan.com/")
# tag name
el = driver.find_elements(by=By.TAG_NAME,value="a")[83]
# el2 = driver.find_elements(by=By.CLASS_NAME,value='layui-layer-btn0')[0]
# for i in range(len(el)):
#     if el[i] == el2:
#         print(i)
time.sleep(3)
# delete all cookies in this website, and do not need to refresh driver
driver.delete_all_cookies()
# xpath
driver.get(url="http://doudouwan.com/")
time.sleep(6)
driver.find_elements(by=By.CLASS_NAME,value='layui-layer-btn0')[0].click()
time.sleep(3)
driver.quit()

結(jié)果展示