前言

多線程一般用于同時(shí)調(diào)用多個(gè)函數(shù)，cpu時(shí)間片輪流分配給多個(gè)任務(wù)。 優(yōu)點(diǎn)是提高cpu的使用率，使計(jì)算機(jī)減少處理多個(gè)任務(wù)的總時(shí)間；缺點(diǎn)是如果有全局變量，調(diào)用多個(gè)函數(shù)會(huì)使全局變量被多個(gè)函數(shù)修改，造成計(jì)算錯(cuò)誤，這使需要使用join方法或者設(shè)置局部變量來(lái)解決問(wèn)題。python使用threading模塊來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)多線程，threading.join()方法是保證調(diào)用join的子線程完成后，才會(huì)分配cpu給其他的子線程，從而保證線程運(yùn)行的有序性。

一、多線程運(yùn)行無(wú)序問(wèn)題

我們首先創(chuàng)建三個(gè)實(shí)例，t1,t2,t3 t1實(shí)例調(diào)用function1函數(shù)，t2和t3函數(shù)調(diào)用function11函數(shù)，他們都是對(duì)全局變量l1進(jìn)行操作

代碼如下：

import threading,time
l1 = []
#創(chuàng)建RLock鎖，acquire幾次，release幾次
lock = threading.RLock()
def function1(x,y):
    for i in range(x):
        l1.append(i)
        if i == 0:
            time.sleep(1)
    end_time = time.time()
    print("t{} is finished in {}s".format(y,end_time -time1 ))
def function11(x,y):
    for i in range(x):
        l1.append(i)
    end_time = time.time()
    print("t{} is finished in {}s".format(y, end_time -time1))
#2.創(chuàng)建子線程：thread類
if __name__ == '__main__':
    t1 = threading.Thread(target= function1, args = (100,1))
    t2 = threading.Thread(target= function11, args = (100,2))
    t3 = threading.Thread(target= function11, args = (100,3))
    time1 = time.time()
    print("time starts in {}".format(time1))
    t1.start()
    t2.start()
    t3.start()
    print(l1)

結(jié)果如下：

runfile('E:/桌面/temp.py', wdir='E:/桌面')
time starts in 1656474963.9487
t2 is finished in 0.0s
t3 is finished in 0.0s
[0, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99]
t1 is finished in 1.0152690410614014s

我們可以看到，全局變量中開(kāi)頭有兩個(gè)0，而不是按著0，1，2，3的方式按序填充，所以可以得知全局變量在多線程中是被多個(gè)函數(shù)無(wú)序調(diào)用的。為了保證多線程有序調(diào)用全局變量，我們可以利用threading.join()的方法。

二、“join方法”解決多線程運(yùn)行無(wú)序問(wèn)題

我們重寫了function1函數(shù)，并命名為function2，t1調(diào)用function2函數(shù)。t2,t3不變。

代碼如下：

import threading,time
l1 = []
#創(chuàng)建RLock鎖，acquire幾次，release幾次
lock = threading.RLock()
def function1(x,y):
    for i in range(x):
        l1.append(i)
        if i == 0:
            time.sleep(1)
    end_time = time.time()
    print("t{} is finished in {}s".format(y,end_time -time1))
def function11(x,y):
    for i in range(x):
        l1.append(i)
    end_time = time.time()
    print("t{} is finished in {}s".format(y,end_time -time1))
def function2(x,y):
    for i in range(x):
        l1.append(i)
        if i == 0:
            time.sleep(1)
    end_time = time.time()
    print("t{} is finished in {}s".format(y,end_time -time1))
#2.創(chuàng)建子線程：thread類
if __name__ == '__main__':
    t1 = threading.Thread(target= function2, args = (100,1))
    t2 = threading.Thread(target= function11, args = (100,2))
    t3 = threading.Thread(target= function11, args = (100,3))
    time1 = time.time()
    print("time starts in {}".format(time1))
    t1.start()
    t1.join()
    t2.start()
    t3.start()
    print(l1)

結(jié)果如下:

runfile('E:/桌面/temp.py', wdir='E:/桌面')
time starts in 1656476057.441827
t1 is finished in 1.0155227184295654s
t2 is finished in 1.0155227184295654s
t3 is finished in 1.0155227184295654s
[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99]

由此可見(jiàn)，threading.join()方法可以解決多線程無(wú)序問(wèn)題

三、threading.Thread()的常用參數(shù)

1.group：默認(rèn)值None，為了實(shí)現(xiàn)ThreadGroup類而保留
2.target：在start方法中調(diào)用的可調(diào)用對(duì)象，即需要開(kāi)啟線程的可調(diào)用對(duì)象，比如函數(shù)、方法
3.name：默認(rèn)為“Thread-N”，字符串形式的線程名稱
4.args：默認(rèn)為空元組，參數(shù)target中傳入的可調(diào)用對(duì)象的參數(shù)元組
5.kwargs：默認(rèn)為空字典{}，參數(shù)target中傳入的可調(diào)用對(duì)象的關(guān)鍵字參數(shù)字典
6.daemon：默認(rèn)為None

總結(jié)

到此這篇關(guān)于多線程python的實(shí)現(xiàn)及多線程有序性的文章就介紹到這了,更多相關(guān)python多線程內(nèi)容請(qǐng)搜索腳本之家以前的文章或繼續(xù)瀏覽下面的相關(guān)文章希望大家以后多多支持腳本之家！

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