Python標(biāo)準(zhǔn)庫(kù)datetime之datetime模塊用法分析詳解
1、日期時(shí)間對(duì)象
- 日期時(shí)間對(duì)象是指具有日期(年月日)和時(shí)間(時(shí)分秒)雙重屬性的實(shí)例
- 日期時(shí)間對(duì)象的類(lèi)型為datetime.datetime
- 日期時(shí)間對(duì)象常用的屬性有年、月、日、時(shí)、分、秒、微秒
- 日期時(shí)間對(duì)象可以指定時(shí)間創(chuàng)建,也可以通過(guò)獲取當(dāng)前時(shí)間來(lái)創(chuàng)建
- 日期時(shí)間對(duì)象指定時(shí)間創(chuàng)建時(shí)可按位置傳參創(chuàng)建,也可關(guān)鍵字傳參創(chuàng)建
- 日期時(shí)間對(duì)象的創(chuàng)建函數(shù)有datetime.datetime(),datetime.datetime.now()、datetime.datetime.today()、datetime.datetime.utcnow()
- 日期時(shí)間對(duì)象通過(guò)datetime.datetime()創(chuàng)建時(shí)的參數(shù)依次為:year,month,day,hour,minute,second,microsecond
- 日期時(shí)間對(duì)象通過(guò)datetime.datetime.now()函數(shù)創(chuàng)建不需要參數(shù)
- 日期時(shí)間對(duì)象通過(guò)datetime.datetime.today()函數(shù)創(chuàng)建不需要參數(shù)
- 日期時(shí)間對(duì)象通過(guò)datetime.datetime.utcnow()函數(shù)創(chuàng)建不需要參數(shù)
- 日期時(shí)間對(duì)象通過(guò)datetime.datetime()創(chuàng)建時(shí)至少應(yīng)該包含年、月、日三個(gè)參數(shù)
- 日期時(shí)間對(duì)象通過(guò)datetime.datetime()創(chuàng)建時(shí)的參數(shù)范圍如下
序號(hào) | 形參 | 實(shí)參范圍 |
---|---|---|
1 | year | 1~9999 |
2 | month | 1~12 |
3 | day | 0~23 |
4 | hour | 0~23 |
5 | minute | 0~59 |
6 | second | 0~59 |
7 | microsecond | 1~999999 |
2、創(chuàng)建日期時(shí)間對(duì)象
2.1、通過(guò)datetime.datetime.utcnow()創(chuàng)建
datetime_zero = datetime.datetime.utcnow()
2.2、通過(guò)datetime.datetime.today()函數(shù)創(chuàng)建
datetime_first = datetime.datetime.today()
2.3、通過(guò)datetime.datetime.now()創(chuàng)建
datetime_second = datetime.datetime.now()
2.4、通過(guò)datetime.datetime()創(chuàng)建
- 指定日期時(shí)間創(chuàng)建
- 必傳年、月、日參數(shù)
- 指定日期時(shí)間、位置參數(shù)的順序不可變且參數(shù)值必須在規(guī)定的范圍內(nèi)
datetime_three = datetime.datetime(year=1, month=1, day=1, hour=0, minute=0, second=0, microsecond=1) datetime_four = datetime.datetime(year=9999, month=12, day=31, hour=23, minute=59, second=59, microsecond=999999) datetime_five = datetime.datetime(9999, 12, 31, 23, 59, 59, 999999)
2.5、查看創(chuàng)建的對(duì)象
print(datetime_zero, type(datetime_zero)) # 2022-07-09 18:12:43.486469 <class 'datetime.datetime'> print(datetime_first, type(datetime_first)) # 2022-07-09 18:12:43.486469 <class 'datetime.datetime'> print(datetime_second, type(datetime_second)) # 2022-07-09 18:12:43.486469 <class 'datetime.datetime'> print(datetime_three, type(datetime_three)) # 0001-01-01 00:00:00.000001 <class 'datetime.datetime'> print(datetime_four, type(datetime_four)) # 9999-12-31 23:59:59.999999 <class 'datetime.datetime'> print(datetime_five, type(datetime_five)) # 9999-12-31 23:59:59.999999 <class 'datetime.datetime'>
2.6、查看datetime可以處理的最大的日期時(shí)間對(duì)象及最小的日期時(shí)間對(duì)象
print(datetime.datetime.min) # 0001-01-01 00:00:00 print(datetime.datetime.max) # 9999-12-31 23:59:59.999999
3、日期事件對(duì)象的屬性
datetime_first = datetime.datetime.today() """# 從日期時(shí)間對(duì)象中獲取日期屬性【年-月-日】""" new_time = datetime.datetime.date(datetime_first) print(new_time) print(type(new_time)) """# 從日期時(shí)間對(duì)象中獲取時(shí)間屬性【時(shí):分:秒:微秒】""" new_time = datetime.datetime.time(datetime_first) print(new_time) print(type(new_time)) """# 從日期時(shí)間對(duì)象中獲取年份""" datetime_year = datetime_first.year print(datetime_year, type(datetime_year)) # 2022 <class 'int'> """# 從日期時(shí)間對(duì)象中獲取月份""" datetime_month = datetime_first.month print(datetime_month, type(datetime_month)) # 7 <class 'int'> """# 從日期時(shí)間對(duì)象中獲取天""" datetime_day = datetime_first.day print(datetime_day, type(datetime_day)) # 10 <class 'int'> """# 從日期時(shí)間對(duì)象中獲取小時(shí)""" datetime_hour = datetime_first.hour print(datetime_hour, type(datetime_hour)) # 18 <class 'int'> """# 從日期時(shí)間對(duì)象中獲取分鐘""" datetime_minute = datetime_first.minute print(datetime_minute, type(datetime_minute)) # 56 <class 'int'> """# 從日期時(shí)間對(duì)象中獲取秒數(shù)""" datetime_second = datetime_first.second print(datetime_second, type(datetime_second)) # 16 <class 'int'> """# 從日期時(shí)間對(duì)象中獲取微秒""" datetime_microsecond = datetime_first.microsecond print(datetime_microsecond, type(datetime_microsecond)) # 735264 <class 'int'>
“”“# datetime.datetime.date()函數(shù)的參數(shù)只能是datetime.datetime類(lèi)型”“”
date_time = datetime.date(2022, 12, 26)“”“# 傳入的參數(shù)不能為datetime.date類(lèi)型”“”
“”“# TypeError: descriptor ‘date’ for ‘datetime.datetime’ objects doesn’t apply to a ‘datetime.date’ object”“”
“”“# print(datetime.datetime.date(date_time))”“”time_time = datetime.time(12, 2, 54, 999999)
“”“# 傳入的參數(shù)不能為datetime.time類(lèi)型”“”
“”“# TypeError: descriptor ‘date’ for ‘datetime.datetime’ objects doesn’t apply to a ‘datetime.time’ object”“”
“”“# print(datetime.datetime.date(time_time))”“”
“”“# 同理,datetime.datetime.time()函數(shù)傳入的參數(shù)亦不能為datetime.date類(lèi)型和datetime.time類(lèi)型”“”
“”“# TypeError: descriptor ‘time’ for ‘datetime.datetime’ objects doesn’t apply to a ‘datetime.date’ object”“”
“”“# print(datetime.datetime.time(date_time))”“”
“”“# TypeError: descriptor ‘time’ for ‘datetime.datetime’ objects doesn’t apply to a ‘datetime.time’ object”“”
“”“# print(datetime.datetime.time(time_time))”""
4、日期時(shí)間對(duì)象轉(zhuǎn)換為時(shí)間元組
- 時(shí)間元組是指具有 年份、月份、日、小時(shí)、分鐘、秒數(shù)、星期中的第N天、年中的第N天、夏令時(shí)標(biāo)志的一個(gè)元組對(duì)象
- 時(shí)間元組示例:(tm_year=2022, tm_mon=7, tm_mday=9, tm_hour=19, tm_min=14, tm_sec=27, tm_wday=5, tm_yday=190, tm_isdst=0)
- 其中tm_wday的值從0開(kāi)始,范圍是:0~6,0為星期一,6為星期日;tm_isdst=0代表未啟用夏令時(shí)
UTCDateTime = datetime.datetime(year=2022, month=7, day=10, hour=19, minute=14, second=27, microsecond=1235) datetime_UTCTimeTuple = datetime.datetime.utctimetuple(UTCDateTime) print(datetime_UTCTimeTuple, type(datetime_UTCTimeTuple)) # 類(lèi)型為:<class 'time.struct_time'>
5、將日期時(shí)間對(duì)象轉(zhuǎn)化為公元?dú)v開(kāi)始計(jì)數(shù)的天數(shù)
- 日期時(shí)間對(duì)象轉(zhuǎn)化為公元?dú)v開(kāi)始計(jì)數(shù)的天數(shù)
- 將一個(gè)整形數(shù)值轉(zhuǎn)換為日期時(shí)間對(duì)象
- 整形數(shù)值最大值為3652059
datetime_replace = datetime.datetime(year=2022, month=7, day=9, hour=19, minute=14, second=27, microsecond=123) datetime_ordinal = datetime.datetime.toordinal(datetime_replace) print(datetime_ordinal, type(datetime_ordinal)) # 738345 <class 'int'> print(datetime.datetime.fromordinal(1)) # 0001-01-02 00:00:00 print(datetime.datetime.fromordinal(2)) # 0001-01-02 00:00:00 datetime_replace_max = datetime.datetime(year=9999, month=12, day=31, hour=23, minute=59, second=59, microsecond=999999) print(datetime.datetime.toordinal(datetime_replace_max)) print(datetime.datetime.fromordinal(3652060))
6、日期時(shí)間對(duì)象轉(zhuǎn)換為一個(gè)日期格式值的字符串
- 示例如 Sat Jul 9 19:14:27 2022(2022年7月9日星期六)
- 第一部分的值代表星期幾
- 第二部分的值代表月份
- 第三部分的值代表日
- 第四部分的值代表時(shí)間
- 第五部分的值代表年份
datetime_replace = datetime.datetime(year=2022, month=7, day=9, hour=19, minute=14, second=27, microsecond=123) print(datetime_replace) ctime_datetime = datetime.datetime.ctime(datetime_replace) print(ctime_datetime, type(ctime_datetime)) ```  ## 7、日期時(shí)間對(duì)象轉(zhuǎn)換為時(shí)間戳 ```python datetime_timestamp = datetime.datetime.timestamp(datetime_replace) print(datetime_timestamp, type(datetime_timestamp)) # 1657365267.000123 <class 'float'> ```  ## 8、時(shí)間戳轉(zhuǎn)換為日期時(shí)間對(duì)象 ```python print(datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(datetime_timestamp)) # 2022-07-09 19:14:27.000123 ```  ## 9、日期時(shí)間對(duì)象轉(zhuǎn)換為時(shí)間元組 ```python datetime_timetuple = datetime.datetime.timetuple(datetime_replace) print(datetime_timetuple, type(datetime_timetuple)) ```  ## 10、ISO標(biāo)準(zhǔn)日期時(shí)間格式 ISO標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的日歷時(shí)間,Calendar中文釋義為日歷 * 各個(gè)值的含義為(年份、周數(shù)、周內(nèi)的第N天)即(year, week, weekday); * weekday的值為[1,7],1代表周一,7代表周日 * 示例:datetime.IsoCalendarDate(year=2022, week=27, weekday=7) ```python datetime_replace = datetime.datetime(year=2022, month=7, day=9, hour=19, minute=14, second=27, microsecond=123) UTCDateTime = datetime.datetime(year=2022, month=7, day=10, hour=19, minute=14, second=27, microsecond=1235) # ISO標(biāo)準(zhǔn)日期時(shí)間格式 print(datetime.datetime.utcoffset(UTCDateTime)) # 將日期時(shí)間對(duì)象轉(zhuǎn)換為ISO標(biāo)準(zhǔn)日期時(shí)間格式的字符串 UTC_ISO_DateTime = datetime.datetime.isoformat(UTCDateTime) print(UTC_ISO_DateTime, type(UTC_ISO_DateTime)) # 2022-07-10T19:14:27.001235 <class 'str'> # 將ISO標(biāo)準(zhǔn)日期時(shí)間格式的字符串轉(zhuǎn)換為日期時(shí)間類(lèi)型 From_UTC_ISO_DateTime = datetime.datetime.fromisoformat('9999-12-31T23:59:59.999999') # <class 'datetime.datetime'> print(From_UTC_ISO_DateTime, type(From_UTC_ISO_DateTime)) # ISO標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的周內(nèi)第N天 # 值的范圍是[1,7],1代表周一,7代表周日 UTC_ISO_WeekDateTime = datetime.datetime.isoweekday(UTCDateTime) print(UTC_ISO_WeekDateTime, type(UTC_ISO_WeekDateTime)) # 7 <class 'int'> # ISO標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的日歷時(shí)間,Calendar中文釋義為日歷 # 各個(gè)值的含義為(年份、周數(shù)、周內(nèi)的第N天)即(year, week, weekday); # weekday的值為[1,7],1代表周一,7代表周日 # 示例:datetime.IsoCalendarDate(year=2022, week=27, weekday=7) UTC_ISO_CalendarDateTime = datetime.datetime.isocalendar(UTCDateTime) print(UTC_ISO_CalendarDateTime, type(UTC_ISO_CalendarDateTime)) # 將ISO標(biāo)準(zhǔn)日歷格式的字符串轉(zhuǎn)換為時(shí)間日期型 From_UTC_ISO_CalendarDateTime = datetime.datetime.fromisocalendar(year=2022, week=27, day=7) print(From_UTC_ISO_CalendarDateTime) # 2022-07-10 00:00:00 print(type(From_UTC_ISO_CalendarDateTime)) # <class 'datetime.datetime'> ```  ## 11、日期時(shí)間替換函數(shù)replace() * replace()可以只替換日期時(shí)間屬性的某一項(xiàng) * replace()函數(shù)的第一個(gè)參數(shù)必傳 * replace()函數(shù)的第一個(gè)參數(shù)是一個(gè)日期時(shí)間類(lèi)型(datetime.datetime)的對(duì)象 * 按關(guān)鍵字傳參替換 * 按位置傳參體換 ```python datetime_replace = datetime.datetime(year=2022, month=7, day=9, hour=19, minute=14, second=27, microsecond=123) # 初始值 print(f"datetime_replace的原值為:{datetime_replace}", f"類(lèi)型是:{type(datetime_replace)}") # 不傳參數(shù) print(datetime.datetime.replace(datetime_replace)) # 2022-07-09 19:14:27.000123 # 只替換年份 print(datetime.datetime.replace(datetime_replace, 2019)) # 2019-07-09 19:14:27.000123 print(datetime.datetime.replace(datetime_replace, year=2019)) # 2019-07-09 19:14:27.000123 # 只替換月份, 替換其他參數(shù)同理 print(datetime.datetime.replace(datetime_replace, month=12)) # 2022-12-09 19:14:27.000123 print(datetime.datetime.replace(datetime_replace, datetime_replace.year, 12)) # 2022-12-09 19:14:27.000123 # 替換其他參數(shù)同理 print(datetime.datetime.replace(datetime_replace, year=2019, month=12, day=31, hour=15, minute=13, second=15, microsecond=9999)) # 2019-12-31 15:13:15.009999 ```  ## 12、日期時(shí)間對(duì)象格式化strftime() * 日期時(shí)間對(duì)象格式化常用的格式如下 * %H(兩位數(shù)的小時(shí)) * %M(兩位數(shù)的分鐘) * %S(兩位數(shù)的秒) * %f(6位數(shù)的微秒) * %h(簡(jiǎn)寫(xiě)的月份名,一般為英文簡(jiǎn)寫(xiě)) * %y(兩位數(shù)的年份) * %Y(四位數(shù)的年份) * %m(兩位數(shù)的月份) * %d(兩位數(shù)的天數(shù)) * 可以只格式化部分屬性 ```python datetime_replace = datetime.datetime(year=2022, month=7, day=9, hour=19, minute=14, second=27, microsecond=123) # 可以只格式化部分屬性 datetime_str = datetime.datetime.strftime(datetime_replace, "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%f") print(f"格式化后是:{datetime_str}", type(datetime_str)) # 2022-07-09 19:14:27.000123 <class 'str'> # 格式化日期屬性 datetime_str_date = datetime.datetime.strftime(datetime_replace, "%Y-%m-%d") print(f"格式化日期的值為:{datetime_str_date}") # 2022-07-09 # 格式時(shí)間屬性 datetime_str_time = datetime.datetime.strftime(datetime_replace, "%H:%M:%S.%f") print(f"格式化時(shí)間的值為:{datetime_str_time}") # 19:14:27.000123 ```  ## 附錄、完整代碼 ```python # coding:utf-8 import datetime # 日期時(shí)間對(duì)象 # 日期時(shí)間對(duì)象是指具有日期(年月日)和時(shí)間(時(shí)分秒)雙重屬性的實(shí)例 # 日期時(shí)間對(duì)象的類(lèi)型為datetime.datetime # 日期時(shí)間對(duì)象常用的屬性有年、月、日、時(shí)、分、秒、微秒等 # 日期時(shí)間對(duì)象可以指定時(shí)間創(chuàng)建,也可以通過(guò)獲取當(dāng)前時(shí)間來(lái)創(chuàng)建 # 日期時(shí)間對(duì)象指定時(shí)間創(chuàng)建時(shí)可按位置傳參創(chuàng)建,也可關(guān)鍵字傳參創(chuàng)建 # 日期時(shí)間對(duì)象的創(chuàng)建函數(shù)有datetime.datetime(),datetime.datetime.now()、datetime.datetime.today()、datetime.datetime.utcnow() # 日期時(shí)間對(duì)象通過(guò)datetime.datetime()創(chuàng)建時(shí)的參數(shù)依次為:year,month,day,hour,minute,second,microsecond # 日期時(shí)間對(duì)象通過(guò)datetime.datetime.now()函數(shù)創(chuàng)建不需要參數(shù) # 日期時(shí)間對(duì)象通過(guò)datetime.datetime.today()函數(shù)創(chuàng)建不需要參數(shù) # 日期時(shí)間對(duì)象通過(guò)datetime.datetime.utcnow()函數(shù)創(chuàng)建不需要參數(shù) # 日期時(shí)間對(duì)象通過(guò)datetime.datetime()創(chuàng)建時(shí)至少應(yīng)該包含年月日三個(gè)參數(shù) # 日期時(shí)間對(duì)象通過(guò)datetime.datetime()創(chuàng)建時(shí)的參數(shù)范圍如下 # {year[1~9999]、month[1~12]、day[1~31]、hour[0~23]、minute[0~59]、second[0~59]、microsecond[1~999999]} # 通過(guò)datetime.datetime.utcnow()創(chuàng)建 datetime_zero = datetime.datetime.utcnow() # 通過(guò)datetime.datetime.today()函數(shù)創(chuàng)建 datetime_first = datetime.datetime.today() # 通過(guò)datetime.datetime.now()創(chuàng)建 datetime_second = datetime.datetime.now() # 通過(guò)datetime.datetime()函數(shù)指定日期時(shí)間、關(guān)鍵字傳參創(chuàng)建 datetime_three = datetime.datetime(year=1, month=1, day=1, hour=0, minute=0, second=0, microsecond=1) datetime_four = datetime.datetime(year=9999, month=12, day=31, hour=23, minute=59, second=59, microsecond=999999) # 通過(guò)datetime.datetime()函數(shù)指定日期時(shí)間、按位置傳參創(chuàng)建,順序不可變且參數(shù)值必須在規(guī)定的范圍內(nèi) datetime_five = datetime.datetime(9999, 12, 31, 23, 59, 59, 999999) print(datetime_zero, type(datetime_zero)) # 2022-07-09 18:12:43.486469 <class 'datetime.datetime'> print(datetime_first, type(datetime_first)) # 2022-07-09 18:12:43.486469 <class 'datetime.datetime'> print(datetime_second, type(datetime_second)) # 2022-07-09 18:12:43.486469 <class 'datetime.datetime'> print(datetime_three, type(datetime_three)) # 0001-01-01 00:00:00.000001 <class 'datetime.datetime'> print(datetime_four, type(datetime_four)) # 9999-12-31 23:59:59.999999 <class 'datetime.datetime'> print(datetime_five, type(datetime_five)) # 9999-12-31 23:59:59.999999 <class 'datetime.datetime'> # 查看datetime可以處理的最大的日期時(shí)間對(duì)象及最小的日期時(shí)間對(duì)象 print(datetime.datetime.min) # 0001-01-01 00:00:00 print(datetime.datetime.max) # 9999-12-31 23:59:59.999999 """# 從日期時(shí)間對(duì)象中獲取日期屬性【年-月-日】""" new_time = datetime.datetime.date(datetime_first) print(new_time) print(type(new_time)) """# 從日期時(shí)間對(duì)象中獲取時(shí)間屬性【時(shí):分:秒:微秒】""" new_time = datetime.datetime.time(datetime_first) print(new_time) print(type(new_time)) """# 從日期時(shí)間對(duì)象中獲取年份""" datetime_year = datetime_four.year print(datetime_year, type(datetime_year)) # 9999 <class 'int'> """# 從日期時(shí)間對(duì)象中獲取月份""" datetime_month = datetime_four.month print(datetime_month, type(datetime_month)) # 12 <class 'int'> """# 從日期時(shí)間對(duì)象中獲取天""" datetime_day = datetime_four.day print(datetime_day, type(datetime_day)) # 31 <class 'int'> """# 從日期時(shí)間對(duì)象中獲取小時(shí)""" datetime_hour = datetime_four.hour print(datetime_hour, type(datetime_hour)) # 23 <class 'int'> """# 從日期時(shí)間對(duì)象中獲取分鐘""" datetime_minute = datetime_four.minute print(datetime_minute, type(datetime_minute)) # 59 <class 'int'> """# 從日期時(shí)間對(duì)象中獲取秒數(shù)""" datetime_second = datetime_four.second print(datetime_second, type(datetime_second)) # 59 <class 'int'> """# 從日期時(shí)間對(duì)象中獲取微秒""" datetime_microsecond = datetime_four.microsecond print(datetime_microsecond, type(datetime_microsecond)) # 999999 <class 'int'> """# datetime.datetime.date()函數(shù)的參數(shù)只能是datetime.datetime類(lèi)型""" date_time = datetime.date(2022, 12, 26) """# 傳入的參數(shù)不能為datetime.date類(lèi)型""" """# TypeError: descriptor 'date' for 'datetime.datetime' objects doesn't apply to a 'datetime.date' object""" """# print(datetime.datetime.date(date_time))""" time_time = datetime.time(12, 2, 54, 999999) """# 傳入的參數(shù)不能為datetime.time類(lèi)型""" """# TypeError: descriptor 'date' for 'datetime.datetime' objects doesn't apply to a 'datetime.time' object""" """# print(datetime.datetime.date(time_time))""" """# 同理,datetime.datetime.time()函數(shù)傳入的參數(shù)亦不能為datetime.date類(lèi)型和datetime.time類(lèi)型""" """# TypeError: descriptor 'time' for 'datetime.datetime' objects doesn't apply to a 'datetime.date' object""" """# print(datetime.datetime.time(date_time))""" """# TypeError: descriptor 'time' for 'datetime.datetime' objects doesn't apply to a 'datetime.time' object""" """# print(datetime.datetime.time(time_time))""" # 將日期時(shí)間對(duì)象轉(zhuǎn)換為時(shí)間元組類(lèi)型 # 時(shí)間元組是指具有 年份、月份、日、小時(shí)、分鐘、秒數(shù)、星期中的第N天、年中的第N天、夏令時(shí)標(biāo)志的一個(gè)元組對(duì)象 # 時(shí)間元組示例:(tm_year=2022, tm_mon=7, tm_mday=9, tm_hour=19, tm_min=14, tm_sec=27, tm_wday=5, tm_yday=190, tm_isdst=0) # 其中tm_wday的值從0開(kāi)始,范圍是:0~6,0為星期一,6為星期日;tm_isdst=0代表未啟用夏令時(shí) UTCDateTime = datetime.datetime(year=2022, month=7, day=10, hour=19, minute=14, second=27, microsecond=1235) datetime_UTCTimeTuple = datetime.datetime.utctimetuple(UTCDateTime) print(datetime_UTCTimeTuple, type(datetime_UTCTimeTuple)) # 類(lèi)型為:<class 'time.struct_time'> # 將日期時(shí)間對(duì)象轉(zhuǎn)化為公元?dú)v開(kāi)始計(jì)數(shù)的天數(shù) datetime_replace = datetime.datetime(year=2022, month=7, day=9, hour=19, minute=14, second=27, microsecond=123) datetime_ordinal = datetime.datetime.toordinal(datetime_replace) print(datetime_ordinal, type(datetime_ordinal)) # 738345 <class 'int'> print(datetime.datetime.fromordinal(1)) # 0001-01-02 00:00:00 print(datetime.datetime.fromordinal(2)) # 0001-01-02 00:00:00 # ctime()是將日期時(shí)間類(lèi)型轉(zhuǎn)換為一個(gè)日期之間值的字符串,示例如 Sat Jul 9 19:14:27 2022(2022年7月9日星期六) # ctime()返回值的第一部分的值代表星期幾,第二部分的值代表月份,第三部分的值代表日,第四部分的值代表時(shí)間,第五部分的值代表年份 print(datetime_replace) ctime_datetime = datetime.datetime.ctime(datetime_replace) print(ctime_datetime, type(ctime_datetime)) # 將日期時(shí)間對(duì)象轉(zhuǎn)換為時(shí)間戳 datetime_timestamp = datetime.datetime.timestamp(datetime_replace) print(datetime_timestamp, type(datetime_timestamp)) # 1657365267.000123 <class 'float'> # 將時(shí)間戳轉(zhuǎn)換為日期時(shí)間對(duì)象 print(datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(datetime_timestamp)) # 2022-07-09 19:14:27.000123 # 將日期時(shí)間對(duì)象轉(zhuǎn)換為時(shí)間元組 datetime_timetuple = datetime.datetime.timetuple(datetime_replace) print(datetime_timetuple, type(datetime_timetuple)) # ISO標(biāo)準(zhǔn)日期時(shí)間格式 print(datetime.datetime.utcoffset(UTCDateTime)) # 將日期時(shí)間對(duì)象轉(zhuǎn)換為ISO標(biāo)準(zhǔn)日期時(shí)間格式的字符串 UTC_ISO_DateTime = datetime.datetime.isoformat(UTCDateTime) print(UTC_ISO_DateTime, type(UTC_ISO_DateTime)) # 2022-07-10T19:14:27.001235 <class 'str'> # 將ISO標(biāo)準(zhǔn)日期時(shí)間格式的字符串轉(zhuǎn)換為日期時(shí)間類(lèi)型 From_UTC_ISO_DateTime = datetime.datetime.fromisoformat('9999-12-31T23:59:59.999999') # <class 'datetime.datetime'> print(From_UTC_ISO_DateTime, type(From_UTC_ISO_DateTime)) # ISO標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的周內(nèi)第N天 # 值的范圍是[1,7],1代表周一,7代表周日 UTC_ISO_WeekDateTime = datetime.datetime.isoweekday(UTCDateTime) print(UTC_ISO_WeekDateTime, type(UTC_ISO_WeekDateTime)) # 7 <class 'int'> # ISO標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的日歷時(shí)間,Calendar中文釋義為日歷 # 各個(gè)值的含義為(年份、周數(shù)、周內(nèi)的第N天)即(year, week, weekday); # weekday的值為[1,7],1代表周一,7代表周日 # 示例:datetime.IsoCalendarDate(year=2022, week=27, weekday=7) UTC_ISO_CalendarDateTime = datetime.datetime.isocalendar(UTCDateTime) print(UTC_ISO_CalendarDateTime, type(UTC_ISO_CalendarDateTime)) # 將ISO標(biāo)準(zhǔn)日歷格式的字符串轉(zhuǎn)換為時(shí)間日期型 From_UTC_ISO_CalendarDateTime = datetime.datetime.fromisocalendar(year=2022, week=27, day=7) print(From_UTC_ISO_CalendarDateTime) # 2022-07-10 00:00:00 print(type(From_UTC_ISO_CalendarDateTime)) # <class 'datetime.datetime'> # 日期時(shí)間替換函數(shù)replace() # replace()可以只替換日期時(shí)間屬性的某一項(xiàng) # replace()函數(shù)的第一個(gè)參數(shù)必傳 # replace()函數(shù)的第一個(gè)參數(shù)是一個(gè)日期時(shí)間類(lèi)型(datetime.datetime)的對(duì)象 # 按關(guān)鍵字傳參替換 # 按位置傳參體換 datetime_replace = datetime.datetime(year=2022, month=7, day=9, hour=19, minute=14, second=27, microsecond=123) # 初始值 print(f"datetime_replace的原值為:{datetime_replace}", f"類(lèi)型是:{type(datetime_replace)}") # 不傳參數(shù) print(datetime.datetime.replace(datetime_replace)) # 2022-07-09 19:14:27.000123 # 只替換年份 print(datetime.datetime.replace(datetime_replace, 2019)) # 2019-07-09 19:14:27.000123 print(datetime.datetime.replace(datetime_replace, year=2019)) # 2019-07-09 19:14:27.000123 # 只替換月份, 替換其他參數(shù)同理 print(datetime.datetime.replace(datetime_replace, month=12)) # 2022-12-09 19:14:27.000123 print(datetime.datetime.replace(datetime_replace, datetime_replace.year, 12)) # 2022-12-09 19:14:27.000123 # 替換其他參數(shù)同理 print(datetime.datetime.replace(datetime_replace, year=2019, month=12, day=31, hour=15, minute=13, second=15, microsecond=9999)) # 2019-12-31 15:13:15.00999 # 日期時(shí)間對(duì)象格式化strftime() # 日期時(shí)間對(duì)象格式化常用的格式如下: "" %H(兩位數(shù)的小時(shí))、%M(兩位數(shù)的分鐘)、%S(兩位數(shù)的秒)、%f(6位數(shù)的微秒)、%h(簡(jiǎn)寫(xiě)的月份名,一般為英文簡(jiǎn)寫(xiě)) %y(兩位數(shù)的年份)、%Y(四位數(shù)的年份)、%m(兩位數(shù)的月份)、%d(兩位數(shù)的天數(shù)) """ # 可以只格式化部分屬性 datetime_str = datetime.datetime.strftime(datetime_replace, "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%f") print(f"格式化后是:{datetime_str}", type(datetime_str)) # 2022-07-09 19:14:27.000123 <class 'str'> # 格式化日期屬性 datetime_str_date = datetime.datetime.strftime(datetime_replace, "%Y-%m-%d") print(f"格式化日期的值為:{datetime_str_date}") # 2022-07-09 # 格式時(shí)間屬性 datetime_str_time = datetime.datetime.strftime(datetime_replace, "%H:%M:%S.%f") print(f"格式化時(shí)間的值為:{datetime_str_time}") # 19:14:27.000123 ```
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