Python利用prettytable實(shí)現(xiàn)格式化輸出內(nèi)容

更新時(shí)間：2022年07月21日 16:02:13 作者：古明地覺

Python有一個(gè)第三方模塊叫?prettytable，專門用來將數(shù)據(jù)格式輸出。本文將通過示例為大家詳細(xì)講講prettytable的用法，感興趣的可以了解一下

楔子

我們用 MySQL 客戶端查詢數(shù)據(jù)的時(shí)候，是以下面這種格式顯示的：

內(nèi)容展示的非常漂亮，而 Python 有一個(gè)第三方模塊叫 prettytable，專門用來將數(shù)據(jù)以上面這種格式輸出，我們來看一下用法。

添加表頭、添加行、添加列

類似于數(shù)據(jù)庫中的表，由表頭（或者說字段名），以及每一行的內(nèi)容組成。

from?prettytable?import?PrettyTable

#?傳入的?name、age、country?相當(dāng)于表頭
tb?=?PrettyTable(["name",?"age",?"country"])
#?調(diào)用?add_row?添加行記錄
tb.add_row(["Jack?Morrison",?49,?"America"])
tb.add_row(["Shimada?Genji",?35,?"Japan"])
tb.add_row(["Shimada?Hanzo",?38,?"Japan"])
tb.add_row(["Angela?Ziegler",?37,?"Switzerland"])

print(tb)
"""
+----------------+-----+-------------+
|??????name??????|?age?|???country???|
+----------------+-----+-------------+
|?Jack?Morrison??|??49?|???America???|
|?Shimada?Genji??|??35?|????Japan????|
|?Shimada?Hanzo??|??38?|????Japan????|
|?Angela?Ziegler?|??37?|?Switzerland?|
+----------------+-----+-------------+
"""

如果在編寫的過程中，我們需要臨時(shí)添加一列，prettytable 也是支持的。

from?prettytable?import?PrettyTable

tb?=?PrettyTable(["name",?"age",?"country"])
tb.add_row(["Jack?Morrison",?49,?"America"])
tb.add_row(["Shimada?Genji",?35,?"Japan"])
tb.add_row(["Shimada?Hanzo",?38,?"Japan"])
tb.add_row(["Angela?Ziegler",?37,?"Switzerland"])

#?調(diào)用?add_column?添加一列
tb.add_column("gender",
??????????????["male",?"male",?"male",?"female"])
print(tb)
"""
+----------------+-----+-------------+--------+
|??????name??????|?age?|???country???|?gender?|
+----------------+-----+-------------+--------+
|?Jack?Morrison??|??49?|???America???|??male??|
|?Shimada?Genji??|??35?|????Japan????|??male??|
|?Shimada?Hanzo??|??38?|????Japan????|??male??|
|?Angela?Ziegler?|??37?|?Switzerland?|?female?|
+----------------+-----+-------------+--------+
"""

輸出內(nèi)容是不是和 MySQL數(shù)據(jù)庫類似呢。

此外 prettytable 還支持從 csv、數(shù)據(jù)庫、html 等數(shù)據(jù)源中導(dǎo)入數(shù)據(jù)，但說實(shí)話，從數(shù)據(jù)源讀取數(shù)據(jù)我們一般使用 pandas，并且還會(huì)伴隨著數(shù)據(jù)處理。而使用 prettytable 只是為了讓程序中產(chǎn)生的信息，能夠以結(jié)構(gòu)化的形式打印，很少會(huì)從文件或數(shù)據(jù)庫里面讀數(shù)據(jù)。

輸出指定行、指定列

我們也可以輸出 table 的指定行、指定列。

from?prettytable?import?PrettyTable

tb?=?PrettyTable(["name",?"age",?"country",?"gender"])
tb.add_row(["Jack?Morrison",?49,?"America",?"male"])
tb.add_row(["Shimada?Genji",?35,?"Japan",?"male"])
tb.add_row(["Shimada?Hanzo",?38,?"Japan",?"male"])
tb.add_row(["Angela?Ziegler",?37,?"Switzerland",?"female"])
#?只輸出?name?和?age?兩列
#?start?和?end?表示開始和結(jié)束的行數(shù)(從?0?開始)
print(tb.get_string(fields=["name",?"age"],
????????????????????start=1,?end=3))
"""
+---------------+-----+
|??????name?????|?age?|
+---------------+-----+
|?Shimada?Genji?|??35?|
|?Shimada?Hanzo?|??38?|
+---------------+-----+
"""

#?此外可以用來進(jìn)行排序
print(tb.get_string(sortby="age",?reversesort=True))
"""
+----------------+-----+-------------+--------+
|??????name??????|?age?|???country???|?gender?|
+----------------+-----+-------------+--------+
|?Jack?Morrison??|??49?|???America???|??male??|
|?Shimada?Hanzo??|??38?|????Japan????|??male??|
|?Angela?Ziegler?|??37?|?Switzerland?|?female?|
|?Shimada?Genji??|??35?|????Japan????|??male??|
+----------------+-----+-------------+--------+
"""

設(shè)置表格樣式

表格也支持幾種不同的樣式，供我們選擇。

from?prettytable?import?*

tb?=?PrettyTable(["name",?"age",?"country",?"gender"])
tb.add_row(["Jack?Morrison",?49,?"America",?"male"])
tb.add_row(["Shimada?Genji",?35,?"Japan",?"male"])
tb.add_row(["Shimada?Hanzo",?38,?"Japan",?"male"])
tb.add_row(["Angela?Ziegler",?37,?"Switzerland",?"female"])

#?樣式支持以下幾種：
#?DEFAULT、MSWORD_FRIENDLY、PLAIN_COLUMNS、RANDOM
#?之前的樣式就是?DEFAULT
tb.set_style(MSWORD_FRIENDLY)
print(tb)
"""
|??????name??????|?age?|???country???|?gender?|
|?Jack?Morrison??|??49?|???America???|??male??|
|?Shimada?Genji??|??35?|????Japan????|??male??|
|?Shimada?Hanzo??|??38?|????Japan????|??male??|
|?Angela?Ziegler?|??37?|?Switzerland?|?female?|
"""

tb.set_style(PLAIN_COLUMNS)
print(tb)
"""
?????name?????????????age??????????country??????????gender????????
Jack?Morrison??????????49??????????America???????????male?????????
Shimada?Genji??????????35???????????Japan????????????male?????????
Shimada?Hanzo??????????38???????????Japan????????????male?????????
Angela?Ziegler?????????37????????Switzerland????????female?????
"""

tb.set_style(RANDOM)
print(tb)
"""
;+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++;
.????????name??????????????age???????????country???????????gender?????.
;+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++;
.???Jack?Morrison???????????49???????????America????????????male??????.
.???Shimada?Genji???????????35????????????Japan?????????????male??????.
.???Shimada?Hanzo???????????38????????????Japan?????????????male??????.
.???Angela?Ziegler??????????37?????????Switzerland?????????female?????.
;+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++;
"""

說實(shí)話，還是默認(rèn)的 DEFAULT 樣式最好看。

設(shè)置對(duì)齊方式

from?prettytable?import?*

tb?=?PrettyTable(["name",?"age",?"country",?"gender"])
tb.add_row(["Jack?Morrison",?49,?"America",?"male"])
tb.add_row(["Shimada?Genji",?35,?"Japan",?"male"])
tb.add_row(["Shimada?Hanzo",?38,?"Japan",?"male"])
tb.add_row(["Angela?Ziegler",?37,?"Switzerland",?"female"])

#?l?代表左對(duì)齊，c?代表居中，r?代表右對(duì)齊
#?默認(rèn)居中
tb.align["name"]?=?"l"
tb.align["age"]?=?"c"
tb.align["country"]?=?"r"
print(tb)
"""
+----------------+-----+-------------+--------+
|?name???????????|?age?|?????country?|?gender?|
+----------------+-----+-------------+--------+
|?Jack?Morrison??|??49?|?????America?|??male??|
|?Shimada?Genji??|??35?|???????Japan?|??male??|
|?Shimada?Hanzo??|??38?|???????Japan?|??male??|
|?Angela?Ziegler?|??37?|?Switzerland?|?female?|
+----------------+-----+-------------+--------+
"""

設(shè)置邊框樣式

在 PrettyTable 中，邊框由三個(gè)部分組成：橫邊框，豎邊框，和邊框連接符，我們都可以修改。

from?prettytable?import?*

tb?=?PrettyTable(["name",?"age",?"country",?"gender"])
tb.add_row(["Jack?Morrison",?49,?"America",?"male"])
tb.add_row(["Shimada?Genji",?35,?"Japan",?"male"])
tb.add_row(["Shimada?Hanzo",?38,?"Japan",?"male"])
tb.add_row(["Angela?Ziegler",?37,?"Switzerland",?"female"])

#?是否顯示邊框，默認(rèn)為True
tb.border?=?True
#?橫邊框
tb.horizontal_char?=?'^'
#?豎邊框
tb.vertical_char?=?'>'
#?邊框連接符
tb.junction_char='~'

print(tb)
"""
~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^~^^^^^~^^^^^^^^^^^^^~^^^^^^^^~
>??????name??????>?age?>???country???>?gender?>
~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^~^^^^^~^^^^^^^^^^^^^~^^^^^^^^~
>?Jack?Morrison??>??49?>???America???>??male??>
>?Shimada?Genji??>??35?>????Japan????>??male??>
>?Shimada?Hanzo??>??38?>????Japan????>??male??>
>?Angela?Ziegler?>??37?>?Switzerland?>?female?>
~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^~^^^^^~^^^^^^^^^^^^^~^^^^^^^^~
"""

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