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iOS開發(fā)探索多線程GCD任務(wù)示例詳解

 更新時(shí)間：2022年07月26日 10:35:11   作者：懶的問蒼天  
這篇文章主要為大家介紹了iOS開發(fā)探索多線程GCD任務(wù)示例詳解，有需要的朋友可以借鑒參考下，希望能夠有所幫助，祝大家多多進(jìn)步，早日升職加薪

引言

在上一篇文章中，我們探尋了隊(duì)列是怎么創(chuàng)建的，串行隊(duì)列和并發(fā)隊(duì)列之間的區(qū)別，接下來我們?cè)谔綄ひ幌翯CD的另一個(gè)核心 - 任務(wù)

同步任務(wù)

void dispatch_sync(dispatch_queue_t queue, DISPATCH_NOESCAPE dispatch_block_t block);

我們先通過lldb查看其堆棧信息，分別查看其正常運(yùn)行和死鎖狀態(tài)的信息

我們?cè)偻ㄟ^源碼查詢其實(shí)現(xiàn)

#define _dispatch_Block_invoke(bb) ((dispatch_function_t)((struct Block_layout *)bb)->invoke)
void dispatch_sync(dispatch_queue_t dq, dispatch_block_t work) {
    uintptr_t dc_flags = DC_FLAG_BLOCK;
    if (unlikely(_dispatch_block_has_private_data(work))) {
        return _dispatch_sync_block_with_privdata(dq, work, dc_flags);
    }
    _dispatch_sync_f(dq, work, _dispatch_Block_invoke(work), dc_flags);
}

其通過_dispatch_Block_invoke將函數(shù)包裝成了一個(gè)block，后繼續(xù)向下傳遞，也就是說我們的代碼是通過這個(gè)block來進(jìn)行的執(zhí)行，繼續(xù)查詢其的傳遞

static inline void _dispatch_sync_f_inline(dispatch_queue_t dq, void *ctxt, dispatch_function_t func, uintptr_t dc_flags) {
    if (likely(dq->dq_width == 1)) {
        return _dispatch_barrier_sync_f(dq, ctxt, func, dc_flags);
    }
    if (unlikely(dx_metatype(dq) != _DISPATCH_LANE_TYPE)) {
        DISPATCH_CLIENT_CRASH(0, "Queue type doesn't support dispatch_sync");
    }
    dispatch_lane_t dl = upcast(dq)._dl;
    // Global concurrent queues and queues bound to non-dispatch threads
    // always fall into the slow case, see DISPATCH_ROOT_QUEUE_STATE_INIT_VALUE
    if (unlikely(!_dispatch_queue_try_reserve_sync_width(dl))) {
        return _dispatch_sync_f_slow(dl, ctxt, func, 0, dl, dc_flags);
    }
    if (unlikely(dq->do_targetq->do_targetq)) {
        return _dispatch_sync_recurse(dl, ctxt, func, dc_flags);
    }
    _dispatch_introspection_sync_begin(dl);
    _dispatch_sync_invoke_and_complete(dl, ctxt, func DISPATCH_TRACE_ARG(
    _dispatch_trace_item_sync_push_pop(dq, ctxt, func, dc_flags)));
}

我們發(fā)現(xiàn)_dispatch_sync_f_inline中存在我們查看的堆棧信息時(shí)的兩個(gè)函數(shù)_dispatch_sync_f_slow、_dispatch_sync_invoke_and_complete

static void _dispatch_sync_f_slow(dispatch_queue_class_t top_dqu, void *ctxt, dispatch_function_t func, uintptr_t top_dc_flags, dispatch_queue_class_t dqu, uintptr_t dc_flags) {
    ...省略部分...
    struct dispatch_sync_context_s dsc = {
        ...省略部分...
        .dsc_func    = func,
    };
    __DISPATCH_WAIT_FOR_QUEUE__(&dsc, dq);
    ...省略部分...
    _dispatch_sync_invoke_and_complete_recurse(top_dq, ctxt, func,top_dc_flags DISPATCH_TRACE_ARG(&dsc));
}
static void _dispatch_sync_invoke_and_complete_recurse(dispatch_queue_class_t dq, void *ctxt, dispatch_function_t func, uintptr_t dc_flags DISPATCH_TRACE_ARG(void *dc)) {
    _dispatch_sync_function_invoke_inline(dq, ctxt, func);
    _dispatch_trace_item_complete(dc);
    _dispatch_sync_complete_recurse(dq._dq, NULL, dc_flags);
}

static void _dispatch_sync_invoke_and_complete(dispatch_lane_t dq, void *ctxt, dispatch_function_t func DISPATCH_TRACE_ARG(void *dc)) {
    _dispatch_sync_function_invoke_inline(dq, ctxt, func);
    _dispatch_trace_item_complete(dc);
    _dispatch_lane_non_barrier_complete(dq, 0);
}

我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，兩種堆棧信息的函數(shù)的func這個(gè)block都是傳遞給的_dispatch_sync_function_invoke_inline

static inline void _dispatch_sync_function_invoke_inline(dispatch_queue_class_t dq, void *ctxt, dispatch_function_t func) {
    dispatch_thread_frame_s dtf;
    _dispatch_thread_frame_push(&dtf, dq);
    _dispatch_client_callout(ctxt, func);
    _dispatch_perfmon_workitem_inc();
    _dispatch_thread_frame_pop(&dtf);
}
void _dispatch_client_callout(void *ctxt, dispatch_function_t f) {
    _dispatch_get_tsd_base();
    void *u = _dispatch_get_unwind_tsd();
    if (likely(!u)) return f(ctxt);
    _dispatch_set_unwind_tsd(NULL);
    f(ctxt); // 調(diào)用block函數(shù)，執(zhí)行任務(wù)
    _dispatch_free_unwind_tsd();
    _dispatch_set_unwind_tsd(u);
}

最終通過_dispatch_client_callout函數(shù)執(zhí)行的我們的block代碼，和我們正常執(zhí)行的堆棧信息相符合。

通過我們的源碼的探索，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)了在同步任務(wù)中并沒有任何關(guān)于開辟線程的操作，而且任務(wù)并沒有保存而是直接執(zhí)行的。

死鎖

我們?cè)讷@取的堆棧信息發(fā)現(xiàn)了崩潰調(diào)用的函數(shù)是__DISPATCH_WAIT_FOR_QUEUE__，在源碼中查看

static void __DISPATCH_WAIT_FOR_QUEUE__(dispatch_sync_context_t dsc, dispatch_queue_t dq) {
    uint64_t dq_state = _dispatch_wait_prepare(dq);
    if (unlikely(_dq_state_drain_locked_by(dq_state, dsc->dsc_waiter))) {
        DISPATCH_CLIENT_CRASH((uintptr_t)dq_state,
        "dispatch_sync called on queue"
        "already owned by current thread"); // 當(dāng)前線程已存在這個(gè)同步隊(duì)列
    }
    ...省略部分...
}
// crash條件
static inline bool _dq_state_drain_locked_by(uint64_t dq_state, dispatch_tid tid) {
    return _dispatch_lock_is_locked_by((dispatch_lock)dq_state, tid);
}
static inline bool _dispatch_lock_is_locked_by(dispatch_lock lock_value, dispatch_tid tid) {
    // equivalent to _dispatch_lock_owner(lock_value) == tid
    // lock_value 當(dāng)前隊(duì)列， tid 當(dāng)前線程
    return ((lock_value ^ tid) & DLOCK_OWNER_MASK) == 0;
}

通過這里可以看到 崩潰的條件：串行隊(duì)列，當(dāng)前隊(duì)列已在當(dāng)前線程中。

異步任務(wù)

void dispatch_async(dispatch_queue_t queue, dispatch_block_t block);

一樣先通過lldb查看一下堆棧信息

很明顯的和同步任務(wù)的區(qū)別是里面有pthread.dylib的調(diào)用，我們還是來通過源碼看一下吧。

void dispatch_async(dispatch_queue_t dq, dispatch_block_t work) {
    dispatch_continuation_t dc = _dispatch_continuation_alloc();
    uintptr_t dc_flags = DC_FLAG_CONSUME;
    dispatch_qos_t qos;
    qos = _dispatch_continuation_init(dc, dq, work, 0, dc_flags);
    _dispatch_continuation_async(dq, dc, qos, dc->dc_flags);
}
static inline dispatch_qos_t _dispatch_continuation_init(dispatch_continuation_t dc, dispatch_queue_class_t dqu, dispatch_block_t work, dispatch_block_flags_t flags, uintptr_t dc_flags) {
    void *ctxt = _dispatch_Block_copy(work);
    ...省略部分...
    dispatch_function_t func = _dispatch_Block_invoke(work);
}
static inline dispatch_qos_t _dispatch_continuation_init_f(dispatch_continuation_t dc, dispatch_queue_class_t dqu, void *ctxt, dispatch_function_t f, dispatch_block_flags_t flags, uintptr_t dc_flags) {
    pthread_priority_t pp = 0;
    dc->dc_flags = dc_flags | DC_FLAG_ALLOCATED;
    dc->dc_func = f;
    dc->dc_ctxt = ctxt;
    ……
    _dispatch_continuation_voucher_set(dc, flags);
    return _dispatch_continuation_priority_set(dc, dqu, pp, flags);
}

異步任務(wù)將任務(wù)先用_dispatch_continuation_init進(jìn)行了copy操作，保存了任務(wù)，同時(shí)和同步函數(shù)一樣將任務(wù)用_dispatch_Block_invoke進(jìn)行了封裝，然后將copy的任務(wù)和封裝的block賦值給dispatch_continuation_t dc，也就是相當(dāng)于保存了隊(duì)列中添加的任務(wù)，最終返回一個(gè)dispatch_qos_t的對(duì)象qos。

#define dx_push(x, y, z) dx_vtable(x)->dq_push(x, y, z)
static inline void _dispatch_continuation_async(dispatch_queue_class_t dqu, dispatch_continuation_t dc, dispatch_qos_t qos, uintptr_t dc_flags) {
    return dx_push(dqu._dq, dc, qos);
}

源碼中全局搜索dq_push，我們?cè)谑煜さ奈募﨑ispatch Source/init.c中找到了每種隊(duì)列對(duì)應(yīng)的dq_push

DISPATCH_VTABLE_SUBCLASS_INSTANCE(queue_serial, lane,
    .do_type        = DISPATCH_QUEUE_SERIAL_TYPE,
    ......
    .dq_push        = _dispatch_lane_push,
);
DISPATCH_VTABLE_SUBCLASS_INSTANCE(queue_concurrent, lane,
    .do_type        = DISPATCH_QUEUE_CONCURRENT_TYPE,
    ......
    .dq_push        = _dispatch_lane_concurrent_push,
);
DISPATCH_VTABLE_SUBCLASS_INSTANCE(queue_global, lane,
    .do_type        = DISPATCH_QUEUE_GLOBAL_ROOT_TYPE,
    ......
    .dq_push        = _dispatch_root_queue_push,
);
DISPATCH_VTABLE_SUBCLASS_INSTANCE(queue_main, lane,
    .do_type        = DISPATCH_QUEUE_MAIN_TYPE,
    ......
    .dq_push        = _dispatch_main_queue_push,
);

我們通過最常用的global的_dispatch_root_queue_push來進(jìn)行探索

void _dispatch_root_queue_push(dispatch_queue_global_t rq, dispatch_object_t dou, dispatch_qos_t qos) {
...省略部分...
    #if HAVE_PTHREAD_WORKQUEUE_QOS
        if (_dispatch_root_queue_push_needs_override(rq, qos)) {
            return _dispatch_root_queue_push_override(rq, dou, qos);
        }
    #else
        (void)qos;
    #endif
    _dispatch_root_queue_push_inline(rq, dou, dou, 1);
}
static void _dispatch_root_queue_push_override(dispatch_queue_global_t orig_rq, dispatch_object_t dou, dispatch_qos_t qos) {
    ......
    _dispatch_root_queue_push_inline(rq, dc, dc, 1);
}

我們可以看到其內(nèi)部是調(diào)用的_dispatch_root_queue_push_inline函數(shù)，進(jìn)一步說調(diào)用_dispatch_root_queue_poke_slow

static void _dispatch_root_queue_poke_slow(dispatch_queue_global_t dq, int n, int floor) {
    ......
    _dispatch_root_queues_init();
    ...利用線程池調(diào)度任務(wù)等相關(guān)代碼...
}
static inline void _dispatch_root_queues_init(void) {
    dispatch_once_f(&_dispatch_root_queues_pred, NULL,
    _dispatch_root_queues_init_once);
}

在_dispatch_root_queues_init_once中進(jìn)行了線程對(duì)任務(wù)的調(diào)度

_dispatch_worker_thread2, _dispatch_worker_thread2 ->

_dispatch_root_queue_drain -> _dispatch_continuation_pop_inline ->

_dispatch_continuation_invoke_inline,_dispatch_root_queue_poke_slow

進(jìn)行了線程池的相關(guān)操作

也就是我們?cè)诙褩Ｐ畔⒅衟thread.dylib的調(diào)用的原因。這些異步調(diào)度我們已經(jīng)無法進(jìn)行下一步查看了，所以還是看回我們的堆棧信息，很明顯函數(shù)的執(zhí)行仍是通過_dispatch_client_callout進(jìn)行的執(zhí)行。

總結(jié)

  • 同步任務(wù)：任務(wù)立即執(zhí)行，無線程相關(guān)操作，會(huì)阻塞當(dāng)前線程
  • 異步任務(wù)：保存任務(wù)，進(jìn)行線程相關(guān)操作，可以開辟子線程，不會(huì)阻塞當(dāng)前線程
  • 死鎖：在當(dāng)前線程同步（和當(dāng)前隊(duì)列相關(guān)）同步的向里面添加任務(wù)，就會(huì)死鎖

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