使用Pyinstaller打包exe文件詳細(xì)圖文教程
前言
在業(yè)務(wù)場(chǎng)景中, 經(jīng)常需要Python開發(fā)一些小程序/腳本/GUI界面,交付給一些小白或未安裝Python 的小伙伴們使用。
噔噔蹬蹬
pyinstaller 閃亮登場(chǎng)
場(chǎng)景說明
- 使用Pyinstaller將Python腳本或者項(xiàng)目打包,生成可執(zhí)行的.exe文件。
- Pyinstaller是一個(gè)很不錯(cuò)的免費(fèi)打包工具,支持Windows,Linux和MacOS,完美支持32位和64位系統(tǒng)。
- 除了Pyinstaller, 還可以使用py2exe進(jìn)行打包
pyinstaller安裝
pip install pyinstaller
打包參數(shù)
# 常用打包參數(shù) # -F -D互斥參數(shù) -F 打包成一個(gè)exe文件,小項(xiàng)目可以采用,打開比較慢,多個(gè).py打包時(shí)不能使用 -D 默認(rèn)參數(shù),打包結(jié)果放入到創(chuàng)建的文件夾中,可以看到里面有很多的依賴文件 # -w -c互斥參數(shù) -w 使用項(xiàng)目的GUI界面,無cmd控制臺(tái) -c 默認(rèn)參數(shù),使用cmd控制臺(tái) 如果打包文件執(zhí)行報(bào)錯(cuò),可嘗試用-c 顯示控制臺(tái) -n 執(zhí)行項(xiàng)目的名稱,默認(rèn).py的文件名 -i 將ico圖標(biāo)打包到exe文件中 --hidden-import 打包時(shí)導(dǎo)包信息 # 打包PyQt項(xiàng)目強(qiáng)烈建議 帶上以下參數(shù) --hidden-import PyQt5.sip # 打包命令示例 # 在項(xiàng)目的根目錄下執(zhí)行打包命令 pyinstaller -w xxx.py --hidden-import PyQt5.sip # 打包結(jié)果輸出在項(xiàng)目根目錄下的 dist文件夾中 # 不建議使用 -F打包成一個(gè)exe文件 所謂:打包一時(shí)爽,打開5秒鐘 # 非-F命令下, 靜態(tài)資源、建好的Sqlite數(shù)據(jù)庫可以直接放入dist中 生成的文件夾中
- Pyinstaller只是將Python解釋器和腳本打包成一個(gè)可執(zhí)行文件, 不同于編譯成真正的機(jī)器碼。所以代碼的運(yùn)行效率是降低的,只是解決了小白用戶的操作難度。
- 打包時(shí)會(huì)分析項(xiàng)目的依賴,并將相關(guān)的依賴打包進(jìn)來,并進(jìn)行加密處理
- 不同的操作系統(tǒng), 需要在不同的操作系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行打包。
打包問題解決方法匯總
debug
- 控制臺(tái)debug
在本地運(yùn)行成功, 建議在第一次打包exe時(shí)使用 -c命令,這樣可以在控制臺(tái)中顯示可能的報(bào)錯(cuò)信息。
如果打包時(shí)沒有用-c不會(huì)出現(xiàn)控制臺(tái)或者控制臺(tái)一閃而過,看不到報(bào)錯(cuò)信息, 可以在cmd命令行窗口執(zhí)行exe文件 - fatal error faild to execute script file
Pyinstaller打包時(shí)有些庫沒有打包進(jìn)去,可以將報(bào)錯(cuò)信息中的庫通過 --hidden-import 報(bào)錯(cuò)的包 的進(jìn)行打包
pyinstaller 打包python3.6+PyQt5中各種錯(cuò)誤的解決方案
- 依賴報(bào)錯(cuò)
- 打包結(jié)果文件過大
幫助中的參數(shù)
>>> pyinstaller -h usage: pyinstaller [-h] [-v] [-D] [-F] [--specpath DIR] [-n NAME] [--add-data <SRC;DEST or SRC:DEST>] [--add-binary <SRC;DEST or SRC:DEST>] [-p DIR] [--hidden-import MODULENAME] [--additional-hooks-dir HOOKSPATH] [--runtime-hook RUNTIME_HOOKS] [--exclude-module EXCLUDES] [--key KEY] [-d {all,imports,bootloader,noarchive}] [-s] [--noupx] [--upx-exclude FILE] [-c] [-w] [-i <FILE.ico or FILE.exe,ID or FILE.icns>] [--version-file FILE] [-m <FILE or XML>] [-r RESOURCE] [--uac-admin] [--uac-uiaccess] [--win-private-assemblies] [--win-no-prefer-redirects] [--osx-bundle-identifier BUNDLE_IDENTIFIER] [--runtime-tmpdir PATH] [--bootloader-ignore-signals] [--distpath DIR] [--workpath WORKPATH] [-y] [--upx-dir UPX_DIR] [-a] [--clean] [--log-level LEVEL] scriptname [scriptname ...] positional arguments: scriptname name of scriptfiles to be processed or exactly one .spec-file. If a .spec-file is specified, most options are unnecessary and are ignored. optional arguments: -h, --help show this help message and exit -v, --version Show program version info and exit. --distpath DIR Where to put the bundled app (default: .\dist) --workpath WORKPATH Where to put all the temporary work files, .log, .pyz and etc. (default: .\build) -y, --noconfirm Replace output directory (default: SPECPATH\dist\SPECNAME) without asking for confirmation --upx-dir UPX_DIR Path to UPX utility (default: search the execution path) -a, --ascii Do not include unicode encoding support (default: included if available) --clean Clean PyInstaller cache and remove temporary files before building. --log-level LEVEL Amount of detail in build-time console messages. LEVEL may be one of TRACE, DEBUG, INFO, WARN, ERROR, CRITICAL (default: INFO). What to generate: -D, --onedir Create a one-folder bundle containing an executable (default) -F, --onefile Create a one-file bundled executable. --specpath DIR Folder to store the generated spec file (default: current directory) -n NAME, --name NAME Name to assign to the bundled app and spec file (default: first script's basename) What to bundle, where to search: --add-data <SRC;DEST or SRC:DEST> Additional non-binary files or folders to be added to the executable. The path separator is platform specific, ``os.pathsep`` (which is ``;`` on Windows and ``:`` on most unix systems) is used. This option can be used multiple times. --add-binary <SRC;DEST or SRC:DEST> Additional binary files to be added to the executable. See the ``--add-data`` option for more details. This option can be used multiple times. -p DIR, --paths DIR A path to search for imports (like using PYTHONPATH). Multiple paths are allowed, separated by ';', or use this option multiple times --hidden-import MODULENAME, --hiddenimport MODULENAME Name an import not visible in the code of the script(s). This option can be used multiple times. --additional-hooks-dir HOOKSPATH An additional path to search for hooks. This option can be used multiple times. --runtime-hook RUNTIME_HOOKS Path to a custom runtime hook file. A runtime hook is code that is bundled with the executable and is executed before any other code or module to set up special features of the runtime environment. This option can be used multiple times. --exclude-module EXCLUDES Optional module or package (the Python name, not the path name) that will be ignored (as though it was not found). This option can be used multiple times. --key KEY The key used to encrypt Python bytecode. How to generate: -d {all,imports,bootloader,noarchive}, --debug {all,imports,bootloader,noarchive} Provide assistance with debugging a frozen application. This argument may be provided multiple times to select several of the following options. - all: All three of the following options. - imports: specify the -v option to the underlying Python interpreter, causing it to print a message each time a module is initialized, showing the place (filename or built-in module) from which it is loaded. See https://docs.python.org/3/using/cmdline.html#id4. - bootloader: tell the bootloader to issue progress messages while initializing and starting the bundled app. Used to diagnose problems with missing imports. - noarchive: instead of storing all frozen Python source files as an archive inside the resulting executable, store them as files in the resulting output directory. -s, --strip Apply a symbol-table strip to the executable and shared libs (not recommended for Windows) --noupx Do not use UPX even if it is available (works differently between Windows and *nix) --upx-exclude FILE Prevent a binary from being compressed when using upx. This is typically used if upx corrupts certain binaries during compression. FILE is the filename of the binary without path. This option can be used multiple times. Windows and Mac OS X specific options: -c, --console, --nowindowed Open a console window for standard i/o (default). On Windows this option will have no effect if the first script is a '.pyw' file. -w, --windowed, --noconsole Windows and Mac OS X: do not provide a console window for standard i/o. On Mac OS X this also triggers building an OS X .app bundle. On Windows this option will be set if the first script is a '.pyw' file. This option is ignored in *NIX systems. -i <FILE.ico or FILE.exe,ID or FILE.icns>, --icon <FILE.ico or FILE.exe,ID or FILE.icns> FILE.ico: apply that icon to a Windows executable. FILE.exe,ID, extract the icon with ID from an exe. FILE.icns: apply the icon to the .app bundle on Mac OS X Windows specific options: --version-file FILE add a version resource from FILE to the exe -m <FILE or XML>, --manifest <FILE or XML> add manifest FILE or XML to the exe -r RESOURCE, --resource RESOURCE Add or update a resource to a Windows executable. The RESOURCE is one to four items, FILE[,TYPE[,NAME[,LANGUAGE]]]. FILE can be a data file or an exe/dll. For data files, at least TYPE and NAME must be specified. LANGUAGE defaults to 0 or may be specified as wildcard * to update all resources of the given TYPE and NAME. For exe/dll files, all resources from FILE will be added/updated to the final executable if TYPE, NAME and LANGUAGE are omitted or specified as wildcard *.This option can be used multiple times. --uac-admin Using this option creates a Manifest which will request elevation upon application restart. --uac-uiaccess Using this option allows an elevated application to work with Remote Desktop. Windows Side-by-side Assembly searching options (advanced): --win-private-assemblies Any Shared Assemblies bundled into the application will be changed into Private Assemblies. This means the exact versions of these assemblies will always be used, and any newer versions installed on user machines at the system level will be ignored. --win-no-prefer-redirects While searching for Shared or Private Assemblies to bundle into the application, PyInstaller will prefer not to follow policies that redirect to newer versions, and will try to bundle the exact versions of the assembly. Mac OS X specific options: --osx-bundle-identifier BUNDLE_IDENTIFIER Mac OS X .app bundle identifier is used as the default unique program name for code signing purposes. The usual form is a hierarchical name in reverse DNS notation. For example: com.mycompany.department.appname (default: first script's basename) Rarely used special options: --runtime-tmpdir PATH Where to extract libraries and support files in `onefile`-mode. If this option is given, the bootloader will ignore any temp-folder location defined by the run-time OS. The ``_MEIxxxxxx``-folder will be created here. Please use this option only if you know what you are doing. --bootloader-ignore-signals Tell the bootloader to ignore signals rather than forwarding them to the child process. Useful in situations where e.g. a supervisor process signals both the bootloader and child (e.g. via a process group) to avoid signalling the child twice.
總結(jié)
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