python使用pika庫調用rabbitmq交換機模式詳解
前言:
交換機模式主要包括:交換機之發(fā)布訂閱、交換機之關鍵字和交換機之通配符。
1、交換機之發(fā)布訂閱
發(fā)布訂閱和簡單的消息隊列區(qū)別在于,發(fā)布訂閱會將消息發(fā)送給所有的訂閱者,而消息隊列中的數據被消費一次便消失。所以,RabbitMQ實現發(fā)布和訂閱時,會為每一個訂閱者創(chuàng)建一個隊列,而發(fā)布者發(fā)布消息時,會將消息放置在所有相關隊列中。
生產者模式:
示例代碼:
import pika # 1.連接rabbit connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters('192.168.124.104')) channel = connection.channel() # 2.聲明一個名為logs類型的fanout的交換機 channel.exchange_declare(exchange='logs', exchange_type='fanout') # 發(fā)布訂閱模式參數 # 3.向logs交換機中插入數據:"Hello world" message = 'info:Hello World!' channel.basic_publish(exchange='logs', routing_key='', body=message, properties=pika.BasicProperties( delivery_mode=2, # make message persistent ) ) print(" [x] Sent 'Hello World!'")
運行結果:
消費者模式:
示例代碼:
import pika # 1.連接rabbit connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters('192.168.124.104')) channel = connection.channel() # 2.聲明一個名為logs類型的fanout的交換機 channel.exchange_declare(exchange='logs', exchange_type='fanout') # 3.創(chuàng)建隊列 result = channel.queue_declare("", exclusive=True) # 隨機生成一個隊列名 queue_name = result.method.queue print(queue_name) # 4.將指定隊列綁定到交換機上 channel.queue_bind(exchange='logs', queue=queue_name) # 5.確定回調函數 def callback(ch, method, properties, body): print(" [x] Received %r" % body) ch.basic_ack(delivery_tag=method.delivery_tag) # 6.確定監(jiān)聽隊列參數 channel.basic_consume(queue=queue_name, # 指定隊列 auto_ack=False, # 手動應答方式 on_message_callback=callback) print(' [*] Waiting for messages. To exit press CTRL+C') # 7.正式監(jiān)聽 channel.start_consuming()
運行結果:【將程序重復執(zhí)行三次,三個消費者都收到了同樣的消息】
2、交換機之關鍵字
生產者模式:
示例代碼: 【將info分別改為warning、error運行】
import pika # 1.連接rabbit connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters('192.168.124.104')) channel = connection.channel() # 2.聲明一個名為logs類型的direct的交換機 channel.exchange_declare(exchange='logs2', exchange_type='direct') # 發(fā)布訂閱模式參數 # 3.向logs交換機中插入數據:"Hello world" message = 'info:Hello World!' channel.basic_publish(exchange='logs2', routing_key='info', # info信息 body=message, properties=pika.BasicProperties( delivery_mode=2, # make message persistent ) ) print(" [x] Sent 'Hello World!'")
運行結果:
消費者模式:
示例代碼1:
import pika # 1.連接rabbit connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters('192.168.124.104')) channel = connection.channel() # 2.聲明一個名為logs類型的direct的交換機 channel.exchange_declare(exchange='logs2', exchange_type='direct') # 3.創(chuàng)建隊列 result = channel.queue_declare("", exclusive=True) # 隨機生成一個隊列名 queue_name = result.method.queue print(queue_name) # 4.將指定隊列綁定到交換機上 channel.queue_bind(exchange='logs2', queue=queue_name, routing_key='info') channel.queue_bind(exchange='logs2', queue=queue_name, routing_key='waring') channel.queue_bind(exchange='logs2', queue=queue_name, routing_key='error') # # 使用for循環(huán)將指定隊列綁定到交換機上 # for key in ['info', 'waring', 'error']: # channel.queue_bind(exchange='logs2', queue=queue_name, routing_key=key) # 5.確定回調函數 def callback(ch, method, properties, body): print(" [x] Received %r" % body) ch.basic_ack(delivery_tag=method.delivery_tag) # 6.確定監(jiān)聽隊列參數 channel.basic_consume(queue=queue_name, # 指定隊列 auto_ack=False, # 手動應答方式 on_message_callback=callback) print(' [*] Waiting for messages. To exit press CTRL+C') # 7.正式監(jiān)聽 channel.start_consuming()
運行結果:
示例代碼2:
import pika # 1.連接rabbit connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters('192.168.124.104')) channel = connection.channel() # 2.聲明一個名為logs類型的direct的交換機 channel.exchange_declare(exchange='logs2', exchange_type='direct') # 3.創(chuàng)建隊列 result = channel.queue_declare("", exclusive=True) # 隨機生成一個隊列名 queue_name = result.method.queue print(queue_name) # 4.將指定隊列綁定到交換機上 channel.queue_bind(exchange='logs2', queue=queue_name, routing_key='info') # # 使用for循環(huán)將指定隊列綁定到交換機上 # for key in ['info', 'waring', 'error']: # channel.queue_bind(exchange='logs2', queue=queue_name, routing_key=key) # 5.確定回調函數 def callback(ch, method, properties, body): print(" [x] Received %r" % body) ch.basic_ack(delivery_tag=method.delivery_tag) # 6.確定監(jiān)聽隊列參數 channel.basic_consume(queue=queue_name, # 指定隊列 auto_ack=False, # 手動應答方式 on_message_callback=callback) print(' [*] Waiting for messages. To exit press CTRL+C') # 7.正式監(jiān)聽 channel.start_consuming()
運行結果:
示例代碼3:
import pika # 1.連接rabbit connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters('192.168.124.104')) channel = connection.channel() # 2.聲明一個名為logs類型的direct的交換機 channel.exchange_declare(exchange='logs2', exchange_type='direct') # 3.創(chuàng)建隊列 result = channel.queue_declare("", exclusive=True) # 隨機生成一個隊列名 queue_name = result.method.queue print(queue_name) # 4.將指定隊列綁定到交換機上 channel.queue_bind(exchange='logs2', queue=queue_name, routing_key='error') # # 使用for循環(huán)將指定隊列綁定到交換機上 # for key in ['info', 'waring', 'error']: # channel.queue_bind(exchange='logs2', queue=queue_name, routing_key=key) # 5.確定回調函數 def callback(ch, method, properties, body): print(" [x] Received %r" % body) ch.basic_ack(delivery_tag=method.delivery_tag) # 6.確定監(jiān)聽隊列參數 channel.basic_consume(queue=queue_name, # 指定隊列 auto_ack=False, # 手動應答方式 on_message_callback=callback) print(' [*] Waiting for messages. To exit press CTRL+C') # 7.正式監(jiān)聽 channel.start_consuming()
運行結果:
3、交換機之通配符
通配符交換機”與之前的路由模式相比,它將信息的傳輸類型的key更加細化,以“key1.key2.keyN....”的模式來指定信息傳輸的key的大類型和大類型下面的小類型,讓消費者可以更加精細的確認自己想要獲取的信息類型。而在消費者一段,不用精確的指定具體到哪一個大類型下的小類型的key,而是可以使用類似正則表達式(但與正則表達式規(guī)則完全不同)的通配符在指定一定范圍或符合某一個字符串匹配規(guī)則的key,來獲取想要的信息。
“通配符交換機”(Topic Exchange)將路由鍵和某模式進行匹配。此時隊列需要綁定在一個模式上。符號“#”匹配一個或多個詞,符號“*”僅匹配一個詞。因此“audit.#”能夠匹配到“audit.irs.corporate”,但是“audit.*”只會匹配到“audit.irs”。(這里與一般的正則表達式的“*”和“#”剛好相反,這里我們需要注意一下。)
生產者模式:
示例代碼: 【分別將routing_key改為usa.news、news.usa和usa.weather執(zhí)行一遍】
import pika # 1.連接rabbit connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters('192.168.124.104')) channel = connection.channel() # 2.聲明一個名為logs類型的topic的交換機 channel.exchange_declare(exchange='logs3', exchange_type='topic') # 發(fā)布訂閱模式參數 # 3.向logs交換機中插入數據:"Hello world" message = 'usa.news---------' channel.basic_publish(exchange='logs3', routing_key='usa.news', # usa.news body=message, properties=pika.BasicProperties( delivery_mode=2, # make message persistent ) ) print(" [x] Sent 'Hello World!'")
運行結果:
消費者模式:
示例代碼1:
import pika # 1.連接rabbit connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters('192.168.124.104')) channel = connection.channel() # 2.聲明一個名為logs類型的topic的交換機 channel.exchange_declare(exchange='logs3', exchange_type='topic') # 3.創(chuàng)建隊列 result = channel.queue_declare("", exclusive=True) # 隨機生成一個隊列名 queue_name = result.method.queue print(queue_name) # 4.將指定隊列綁定到交換機上 channel.queue_bind(exchange='logs3', queue=queue_name, routing_key='news.#') # # 使用for循環(huán)將指定隊列綁定到交換機上 # for key in ['info.#', 'waring.#', 'error.#']: # channel.queue_bind(exchange='logs2', queue=queue_name, routing_key=key) # 5.確定回調函數 def callback(ch, method, properties, body): print(" [x] Received %r" % body) ch.basic_ack(delivery_tag=method.delivery_tag) # 6.確定監(jiān)聽隊列參數 channel.basic_consume(queue=queue_name, # 指定隊列 auto_ack=False, # 手動應答方式 on_message_callback=callback) print(' [*] Waiting for messages. To exit press CTRL+C') # 7.正式監(jiān)聽 channel.start_consuming()
運行結果:
示例代碼2:
import pika # 1.連接rabbit connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters('192.168.124.104')) channel = connection.channel() # 2.聲明一個名為logs類型的topic的交換機 channel.exchange_declare(exchange='logs3', exchange_type='topic') # 3.創(chuàng)建隊列 result = channel.queue_declare("", exclusive=True) # 隨機生成一個隊列名 queue_name = result.method.queue print(queue_name) # 4.將指定隊列綁定到交換機上 channel.queue_bind(exchange='logs3', queue=queue_name, routing_key='#.news') # # 使用for循環(huán)將指定隊列綁定到交換機上 # for key in ['info.#', 'waring.#', 'error.#']: # channel.queue_bind(exchange='logs2', queue=queue_name, routing_key=key) # 5.確定回調函數 def callback(ch, method, properties, body): print(" [x] Received %r" % body) ch.basic_ack(delivery_tag=method.delivery_tag) # 6.確定監(jiān)聽隊列參數 channel.basic_consume(queue=queue_name, # 指定隊列 auto_ack=False, # 手動應答方式 on_message_callback=callback) print(' [*] Waiting for messages. To exit press CTRL+C') # 7.正式監(jiān)聽 channel.start_consuming()
運行結果:
示例代碼3:
import pika # 1.連接rabbit connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters('192.168.124.104')) channel = connection.channel() # 2.聲明一個名為logs類型的topic的交換機 channel.exchange_declare(exchange='logs3', exchange_type='topic') # 3.創(chuàng)建隊列 result = channel.queue_declare("", exclusive=True) # 隨機生成一個隊列名 queue_name = result.method.queue print(queue_name) # 4.將指定隊列綁定到交換機上 channel.queue_bind(exchange='logs3', queue=queue_name, routing_key='#.weather') # # 使用for循環(huán)將指定隊列綁定到交換機上 # for key in ['info.#', 'waring.#', 'error.#']: # channel.queue_bind(exchange='logs2', queue=queue_name, routing_key=key) # 5.確定回調函數 def callback(ch, method, properties, body): print(" [x] Received %r" % body) ch.basic_ack(delivery_tag=method.delivery_tag) # 6.確定監(jiān)聽隊列參數 channel.basic_consume(queue=queue_name, # 指定隊列 auto_ack=False, # 手動應答方式 on_message_callback=callback) print(' [*] Waiting for messages. To exit press CTRL+C') # 7.正式監(jiān)聽 channel.start_consuming()
運行結果:
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