import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
from cartopy.mpl.ticker import LongitudeFormatter, LatitudeFormatter
import cartopy.crs as ccrs
import cartopy.feature as cfeature
import pandas as pd
import maskout
import matplotlib.patches as mpatches
from cartopy.io.shapereader import Reader
from matplotlib import rcParams
config = {"font.family":'Times New Roman',"font.size": 16,"mathtext.fontset":'stix'}
rcParams.update(config)
df1 = pd.read_excel(r"F:/Rpython/lp37/henanmap/henan.xlsx")
lat = df1['lat']
lon = df1['lon']
PM25 = df1['PM25']
# 設置經緯度并用scipy包中的函數(shù)插值
from scipy.interpolate import Rbf
olon = np.linspace(110, 117, 100)
olat = np.linspace(31, 37, 100)
olon, olat = np.meshgrid(olon, olat)
# 插值處理,‘linear'，‘nearest'，‘cubic'
# cubic, gaussian, inverse_multiquadric, linear, multiquadric, quintic, thin_plate
# rain_data_new = griddata((lon,lat), data, (olon,olat), method='linear')
func1=Rbf(lon,lat,PM25,function='linear')
PM25=func1(olon,olat)
print(olon)
print(olat)
print(PM25)
print(olat.shape)
print(PM25.shape)
# 建立畫布
fig2 = plt.figure(figsize=(16, 12))
proj = ccrs.PlateCarree()
leftlon, rightlon, lowerlat, upperlat = (110, 117, 31, 37)  # 根據上下限確定范圍，至少為10°
# 春 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#左 底 寬 高
ax=fig2.add_subplot(1,1,1,projection=ccrs.PlateCarree())
# 在畫布的絕對坐標建立子圖
ax.set_extent([leftlon, rightlon, lowerlat, upperlat],crs=ccrs.PlateCarree())
# 設置地圖屬性:加載國界、海岸線，land 為灰色
ax.stock_img()
# 繪制河南省行政邊界
ticks=np.arange(30,80,5)
cf=ax.contourf(olon,olat,PM25,levels=ticks,cmap='gist_rainbow',transform=ccrs.PlateCarree(),extend='both')
clip1=maskout.shp2clip(cf,ax,'F:/Rpython/lp37/henanmap/henan1')
cf=plt.colorbar(cf,ticks=ticks,shrink=0.96,orientation='vertical',extend='both',pad=0.01,aspect=35)
ax.add_feature(cfeature.COASTLINE.with_scale('50m'),linewidth=0.5,zorder=2,color='k')# 添加海岸線
ax.add_feature(cfeature.LAKES.with_scale('50m'))
ax.add_feature(cfeature.RIVERS.with_scale('50m'))
ax.add_feature(cfeature.OCEAN.with_scale('50m'))
ax.add_feature(cfeature.LAND.with_scale('50m'))
ax.add_geometries(Reader(r'F:/Rpython/lp37/henanmap/henan1.shp').geometries(),ccrs.PlateCarree(),facecolor='none',edgecolor='k',linewidth=1.2,zorder=1)
ax.add_geometries(Reader(r'F:/Rpython/lp27/data/river1.shp').geometries(),ccrs.PlateCarree(),facecolor='none',edgecolor='b',linewidth=0.2)
ax.add_geometries(Reader(r'F:/Rpython/lp27/data/china1.shp').geometries(),ccrs.PlateCarree(),facecolor='none',edgecolor='r',linewidth=1.2)
ax.add_geometries(Reader(r'F:/Rpython/lp27/data/china2.shp').geometries(),ccrs.PlateCarree(),facecolor='none',edgecolor='r',linewidth=0.8)
ax.add_geometries(Reader(r'F:/Rpython/lp27/data/ne_50m_lakes.shp').geometries(),ccrs.PlateCarree(),facecolor='none',edgecolor='k',linewidth=0.2)
ax.add_geometries(Reader(r'F:/Rpython/lp37/data37/river/1級河流.shp').geometries(),ccrs.PlateCarree(),facecolor='none',edgecolor='RoyalBlue',linewidth=0.4)
ax.add_geometries(Reader(r'F:/Rpython/lp37/data37/river/2級河流.shp').geometries(),ccrs.PlateCarree(),facecolor='none',edgecolor='DodgerBlue',linewidth=0.3)
ax.add_geometries(Reader(r'F:/Rpython/lp37/data37/river/3級河流.shp').geometries(),ccrs.PlateCarree(),facecolor='none',edgecolor='DeepSkyBlue',linewidth=0.2)
ax.add_geometries(Reader(r'F:/Rpython/lp37/data37/river/4級河流.shp').geometries(),ccrs.PlateCarree(),facecolor='none',edgecolor='SkyBlue',linewidth=0.15)
ax.add_geometries(Reader(r'F:/Rpython/lp37/data37/river/5級河流.shp').geometries(),ccrs.PlateCarree(),facecolor='none',edgecolor='LightSkyBlue',linewidth=0.05)
ax.add_geometries(Reader(r'F:/Rpython/lp37/data37/river/主要湖泊.shp').geometries(),ccrs.PlateCarree(),edgecolor='none',linewidth=0,facecolor='#BEE8FF')
# 以下6條語句是定義地理坐標標簽格式
ax.set_xticks(np.arange(leftlon, rightlon+0.1, 1),crs=ccrs.PlateCarree())
ax.set_yticks(np.arange(lowerlat, upperlat+0.1, 1),crs=ccrs.PlateCarree())
lon_formatter = LongitudeFormatter()
lat_formatter = LatitudeFormatter()
ax.xaxis.set_major_formatter(lon_formatter)
ax.yaxis.set_major_formatter(lat_formatter)
plt.savefig('F:/Rpython/lp37/plot185.4.png',dpi=600,bbox_inches='tight',pad_inches=0)
plt.show()

2、Python繪制比例尺、指南針

# 添加比例尺，指南針
def add_north(ax, labelsize=18, loc_x=0.95, loc_y=0.99, width=0.06, height=0.09, pad=0.14):
    """
    畫一個比例尺帶'N'文字注釋
    主要參數(shù)如下
    :param ax: 要畫的坐標區(qū)域 Axes實例 plt.gca()獲取即可
    :param labelsize: 顯示'N'文字的大小
    :param loc_x: 以文字下部為中心的占整個ax橫向比例
    :param loc_y: 以文字下部為中心的占整個ax縱向比例
    :param width: 指南針占ax比例寬度
    :param height: 指南針占ax比例高度
    :param pad: 文字符號占ax比例間隙
    :return: None
    """
    minx, maxx = ax.get_xlim()
    miny, maxy = ax.get_ylim()
    ylen = maxy - miny
    xlen = maxx - minx
    left = [minx + xlen*(loc_x - width*.5), miny + ylen*(loc_y - pad)]
    right = [minx + xlen*(loc_x + width*.5), miny + ylen*(loc_y - pad)]
    top = [minx + xlen*loc_x, miny + ylen*(loc_y - pad + height)]
    center = [minx + xlen*loc_x, left[1] + (top[1] - left[1])*.4]
    triangle = mpatches.Polygon([left, top, right, center], color='k')
    ax.text(s='N',
            x=minx + xlen*loc_x,
            y=miny + ylen*(loc_y - pad + height),
            fontsize=labelsize,
            horizontalalignment='center',
            verticalalignment='bottom')
    ax.add_patch(triangle)
#-----------函數(shù)：添加比例尺--------------
def add_scalebar(ax,lon0,lat0,length,size=0.01):
    '''
    ax: 坐標軸
    lon0: 經度
    lat0: 緯度
    length: 長度
    size: 控制粗細和距離的
    '''
    # style 3
    ax.hlines(y=lat0,  xmin = lon0, xmax = lon0+length/111, colors="black", ls="-", lw=1,linewidth=3, label='%d km' % (length))
    ax.vlines(x = lon0, ymin = lat0-size, ymax = lat0+size, colors="black", ls="-", lw=1,linewidth=3)
    ax.vlines(x = lon0+length/2/111, ymin = lat0-size, ymax = lat0+size, colors="black", ls="-", lw=1,linewidth=3)
    ax.vlines(x = lon0+length/111, ymin = lat0-size, ymax = lat0+size, colors="black", ls="-", lw=1,linewidth=3)
    ax.text(lon0+length/111,lat0+size+0.05,'%d' % (length),horizontalalignment = 'center')
    ax.text(lon0+length/2/111,lat0+size+0.05,'%d' % (length/2),horizontalalignment = 'center')
    ax.text(lon0,lat0+size+0.05,'0',horizontalalignment = 'center')
    ax.text(112.28,31.45,'km',horizontalalignment = 'center')

3、Python繪制Matlab格式的地圖邊框

def drow_the_scale(y,x,text,length = 1.5,lw = 5):
    #畫比例尺函數(shù)
    # y代表比例尺所在緯度
    # x代表比例尺開始的經度
    # text代表比例尺最后刻度值
    # length代表比例尺的長度，單位為多少個經度
    # lw代表比例尺的寬度
    step = length/5#計算步長，畫五格
    #畫黑白線五條
    plt.hlines(y=y,xmin=x,xmax=x + step,colors="black", ls="-", lw=lw)
    plt.hlines(y=y,xmin=x + step,xmax=x + step*2,colors="white", ls="-", lw=lw)
    plt.hlines(y=y,xmin=x + step*2,xmax=x + step*3,colors="black", ls="-", lw=lw)
    plt.hlines(y=y,xmin=x + step*3,xmax=x + step*4,colors="white", ls="-", lw=lw)
    plt.hlines(y=y,xmin=x + step*4,xmax=x + step*5,colors="black", ls="-", lw=lw)
    #畫長刻度兩個
    plt.vlines(x = x, ymin = y - (lw/100) *3, ymax = y + lw/100, colors="black", ls="-", lw=1)
    plt.vlines(x = x + length, ymin = y - (lw/100) *3, ymax = y + lw/100, colors="black", ls="-", lw=1)
    #畫段刻度四個
    plt.vlines(x = x + step, ymin = y - (lw/100) *2, ymax = y + lw/100, colors="black", ls="-", lw=1)
    plt.vlines(x = x + step*2, ymin = y - (lw/100) *2, ymax = y + lw/100, colors="black", ls="-", lw=1)
    plt.vlines(x = x + step*3, ymin = y - (lw/100) *2, ymax = y + lw/100, colors="black", ls="-", lw=1)
    plt.vlines(x = x + step*4, ymin = y - (lw/100) *2, ymax = y + lw/100, colors="black", ls="-", lw=1)
    #寫字，0，500，km
    plt.text(x,y - (lw/100) *7,'0',horizontalalignment = 'center')
    plt.text(x + length,y - (lw/100) *7,text,horizontalalignment = 'center')
    plt.text(x + length/2,y + (lw/100)*2,'km',horizontalalignment = 'center')
def drowscale(extent,scale_y,scale_x,scale_text,step = 5,lw = 10,scale_length = 1.5,scale_lw = 5):
    # 畫地圖黑白邊框和比例尺
    # extent：表示四周經緯度[west, east, south, north]
    # scale_y,scale_x,scale_text：代表比例尺的位置，緯度，經度，刻度值
    # step：表示步長，一格代表幾個經緯度
    # lw：代表邊框寬度
    # scale_length：代表比例尺長度（單位為經度例如1.5個經度）
    # scale_lw：代表比例尺寬度
    for y in [extent[2],extent[3]] :#畫上下兩邊框
        xmin = extent[0]
        while (xmin < extent[1]):
            plt.hlines(y=y,xmin=xmin,xmax=xmin+step,colors="white", ls="-", lw=lw)
            xmin = xmin+step*2
        xmin = extent[0]+step
        while (xmin < extent[1]):
            plt.hlines(y=y,xmin=xmin,xmax=xmin+step,colors="black", ls="-", lw=lw)
            xmin = xmin+step*2
    for x in [extent[0],extent[1]] :#畫左右兩邊狂
        ymin = extent[2]
        while (ymin < extent[3]):
            plt.vlines(x = x, ymin = ymin, ymax = ymin+step, colors="black", ls="-", lw=lw)
            ymin = ymin+step*2
        ymin = extent[2]+step
        while (ymin < extent[3]):
            plt.vlines(x = x, ymin = ymin, ymax = ymin+step, colors="white", ls="-", lw=lw)
            ymin = ymin+step*2
    drow_the_scale(scale_y,scale_x,scale_text)#畫比例尺