基于Python實現(xiàn)自制拼圖小游戲

更新時間：2022年11月07日 08:14:40 作者：Sir 老王

這篇文章主要為大家詳細介紹得了如何利用Python中pygame的這個非標準庫來做個小游戲-拼圖，文中的示例代碼講解詳細，感興趣的小伙伴可以嘗試一下

咱們Python 集中營有一個專題就是分享一些有意思的東西，今天大概看了一下pygame的這個非標準庫就想著使用它來做個小游戲-拼圖。

通過加入自己定義的圖片，對這個圖片完成一定數(shù)量的拆分后再將拆分后的小圖片進行隨機打亂，這也算是實現(xiàn)一個拼圖小游戲的基本思路吧。

為了將其做成一個桌面應(yīng)用，這里使用的是pygame這一個非標準庫。python環(huán)境中還沒有pygame的話可以選擇使用pip的方式安裝一下。

pip?install?-i?https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple/

下面將開發(fā)中使用到的python庫都列舉一下，除了pygame處理游戲之外，還有sys、random分別用來做系統(tǒng)操作和隨機數(shù)的處理。

#?Importing?the?pygame,?sys,?and?random?modules.
import?pygame,?sys,?random

#?Importing?all?the?constants?from?the?pygame.locals?module.
from?pygame.locals?import?*

創(chuàng)建一個python類GameMain，將所有的游戲處理相關(guān)的業(yè)務(wù)全部寫到這個類中進行處理，包括一些初始化操作等等，最后我們通過main函數(shù)調(diào)用啟動整個拼圖游戲。

class?GameMain():
????def?__init__(self,?window_width,?window_height,?background_color,
?????????????????fps,?colums,?max_round_time,?game_image):

????????self.init_static_data(window_width=window_width,?window_height=window_height,
??????????????????????????????background_color=background_color,?fps=fps,?colums=colums,?max_round_time=max_round_time)

????????self.init_game_data(game_image='./wd.jpeg')

????????self.init_game_main()

通過GameMain類的初始化函數(shù)init來做類的初始化并且分別調(diào)用init_static_data、init_game_data、init_game_main三個主要的實現(xiàn)函數(shù)。

init_static_data函數(shù)主要用來將一些全局的靜態(tài)參數(shù)進行初始化賦值，為了避免沒有值時候的報錯默認分別給這些參數(shù)都賦值，包括背景顏色、拼圖游戲分割成小圖片的列數(shù)等等。

def?init_static_data(self,?window_width=500,?window_height=500,
?????????????????????????background_color=(255,?255,?255),?fps=40,?colums=3,?max_round_time=100):
????????"""
????????????????The?function?initializes?the?game?data?and?the?game?main

????????????????:param?window_width:?The?width?of?the?game?window
????????????????:param?window_height:?The?height?of?the?game?window
????????????????:param?background_color:?The?background?color?of?the?game?window
????????????????:param?fps:?The?number?of?frames?per?second?that?the?game?will?run?at
????????????????:param?colums:?The?number?of?columns?in?the?game
????????????????:param?max_round_time:?The?maximum?time?for?each?round
????????????????:param?game_image:?The?image?that?will?be?used?for?the?game
????????????????"""
????????self.window_width?=?window_width
????????self.window_height?=?window_height
????????self.background_color?=?background_color
????????self.black_color?=?(0,?0,?0)
????????self.fps?=?fps
????????self.colums?=?colums
????????self.cell_nums?=?self.colums?*?self.colums
????????self.max_round_time?=?max_round_time

init_game_data函數(shù)，主要將游戲執(zhí)行過程中的一些參數(shù)進行計算或者計算之后的數(shù)據(jù)值進行保存，因為在后面的游戲主循環(huán)中肯定是需要用到的，包括游戲載入的一整張圖片的路徑以及游戲窗口的標題等等。

def?init_game_data(self,?game_image='./wd.jpeg'):
????????"""
????????>?This?function?initializes?the?game?data?by?reading?the?game?image?and?extracting?the?game?data?from?it

????????:param?game_image:?The?image?of?the?game?you?want?to?play,?defaults?to?./wd.jpeg?(optional)
????????"""

????????pygame.init()
????????self.main_clock?=?pygame.time.Clock()

????????self.game_image?=?pygame.image.load(game_image)
????????self.game_rect?=?self.game_image.get_rect()

????????self.window_surface?=?pygame.display.set_mode((self.game_rect.width,?self.game_rect.height))
????????pygame.display.set_caption('拼圖游戲')

????????self.cell_width?=?int(self.game_rect.width?/?self.colums)
????????self.cell_height?=?int(self.game_rect.height?/?self.colums)

????????self.finished?=?False

????????self.game_board,?self.black_cell?=?self.generate_game_borad()

init_game_main函數(shù)中加入了死循環(huán)的方式讓游戲一直處于執(zhí)行中的狀態(tài)，除非是已經(jīng)完成了游戲或是直接退出游戲了才會停止。主要實現(xiàn)的是游戲步驟以及鍵盤的監(jiān)聽或鼠標的點擊事件維持整個游戲狀態(tài)的運行。

def?init_game_main(self):
????????"""
????????>?This?function?initializes?the?game?data?by?reading?the?game?image?and?extracting?the?game?data?from?it

????????:param?game_image:?The?image?of?the?game?you?want?to?play,?defaults?to?./wd.jpeg?(optional),?defaults?to?./wd.jpeg
????????(optional)
????????"""
????????while?True:
????????????for?event?in?pygame.event.get():
????????????????if?event.type?==?QUIT:
????????????????????self.game_exit()
????????????????if?self.finished:
????????????????????continue
????????????????if?event.type?==?KEYDOWN:
????????????????????if?event.key?==?K_LEFT?or?event.key?==?ord('a'):
????????????????????????self.black_cell?=?self.move_left(self.game_board,?self.black_cell)
????????????????????if?event.key?==?K_RIGHT?or?event.key?==?ord('d'):
????????????????????????self.black_cell?=?self.move_right(self.game_board,?self.black_cell)
????????????????????if?event.key?==?K_UP?or?event.key?==?ord('w'):
????????????????????????self.black_cell?=?self.move_up(self.game_board,?self.black_cell)
????????????????????if?event.key?==?K_DOWN?or?event.key?==?ord('s'):
????????????????????????self.black_cell?=?self.move_down(self.game_board,?self.black_cell)
????????????????if?event.type?==?MOUSEBUTTONDOWN?and?event.button?==?1:
????????????????????x,?y?=?pygame.mouse.get_pos()
????????????????????col?=?int(x?/?self.cell_width)
????????????????????row?=?int(y?/?self.cell_height)
????????????????????index?=?col?+?row?*?self.colums
????????????????????if?(
????????????????????????????index?==?self.black_cell?-?1?or?index?==?self.black_cell?+?1?or?index?==?self.black_cell?-?self.colums?or?index?==?self.black_cell?+?self.colums):
????????????????????????self.game_board[self.black_cell],?self.game_board[index]?=?self.game_board[index],?\
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????self.game_board[self.black_cell]
????????????????????????self.black_cell?=?index

????????????if?(self.is_finished(self.game_board)):
????????????????self.game_board[self.black_cell]?=?self.cell_nums?-?1
????????????????self.finished?=?True

????????????self.window_surface.fill(self.background_color)

????????????for?i?in?range(self.cell_nums):
????????????????row_dst?=?int(i?/?self.colums)
????????????????col_dst?=?int(i?%?self.colums)
????????????????rect_dst?=?pygame.Rect(col_dst?*?self.cell_width,?row_dst?*?self.cell_height,?self.cell_width,
???????????????????????????????????????self.cell_height)

????????????????if?self.game_board[i]?==?-1:
????????????????????continue

????????????????row_area?=?int(self.game_board[i]?/?self.colums)
????????????????col_area?=?int(self.game_board[i]?%?self.colums)
????????????????rect_area?=?pygame.Rect(col_area?*?self.cell_width,?row_area?*?self.cell_height,?self.cell_width,
????????????????????????????????????????self.cell_height)
????????????????self.window_surface.blit(self.game_image,?rect_dst,?rect_area)

????????????for?i?in?range(self.colums?+?1):
????????????????pygame.draw.line(self.window_surface,?self.black_color,?(i?*?self.cell_height,?0),
?????????????????????????????????(i?*?self.cell_width,?self.game_rect.height))
????????????for?i?in?range(self.colums?+?1):
????????????????pygame.draw.line(self.window_surface,?self.black_color,?(0,?i?*?self.cell_height),
?????????????????????????????????(self.game_rect.width,?i?*?self.cell_height))

????????????pygame.display.update()
????????????self.main_clock.tick(self.fps)

game_exit函數(shù)，執(zhí)行游戲退出操作。

def?game_exit(self):
????????"""
????????It?exits?the?game.
????????"""
????????pygame.quit()
????????sys.exit()

generate_game_borad函數(shù)，生成游戲運行的主布局。

def?generate_game_borad(self):
????????"""
????????It?generates?the?game?board.
????????"""
????????board?=?[]
????????for?i?in?range(self.cell_nums):
????????????board.append(i)
????????black_cell?=?self.cell_nums?-?1
????????board[black_cell]?=?-1

????????for?i?in?range(self.max_round_time):
????????????direction?=?random.randint(0,?3)
????????????if?(direction?==?0):
????????????????black_cell?=?self.move_left(board,?black_cell)
????????????elif?(direction?==?1):
????????????????black_cell?=?self.move_right(board,?black_cell)
????????????elif?(direction?==?2):
????????????????black_cell?=?self.move_up(board,?black_cell)
????????????elif?(direction?==?3):
????????????????black_cell?=?self.move_down(board,?black_cell)
????????return?board,?black_cell

move_right函數(shù)，執(zhí)行向右移動的操作。

def?move_right(self,?board,?black_cell):
????????"""
????????>?The?function?`move_right`?takes?in?a?board?and?a?black?cell?and?returns?the?board?after?the?black?cell?has?moved
????????right

????????:param?board:?the?board?that?the?game?is?being?played?on
????????:param?black_cell:?the?cell?that?is?currently?black
????????"""
????????if?black_cell?%?self.colums?==?0:
????????????return?black_cell
????????board[black_cell?-?1],?board[black_cell]?=?board[black_cell],?board[black_cell?-?1]
????????return?black_cell?-?1

move_left函數(shù)，執(zhí)行向左移動的操作。

def?move_left(self,?board,?black_cell):
????????"""
????????It?moves?the?black?cell?to?the?left.

????????:param?board:?the?board?that?the?game?is?being?played?on
????????:param?black_cell:?the?cell?that?is?currently?black
????????"""
????????if?black_cell?%?self.colums?==?self.colums?-?1:
????????????return?black_cell
????????board[black_cell?+?1],?board[black_cell]?=?board[black_cell],?board[black_cell?+?1]
????????return?black_cell?+?1

move_down函數(shù)，執(zhí)行向下移動的操作。

def?move_left(self,?board,?black_cell):
????????"""
????????It?moves?the?black?cell?to?the?left.

????????:param?board:?the?board?that?the?game?is?being?played?on
????????:param?black_cell:?the?cell?that?is?currently?black
????????"""
????????if?black_cell?%?self.colums?==?self.colums?-?1:
????????????return?black_cell
????????board[black_cell?+?1],?board[black_cell]?=?board[black_cell],?board[black_cell?+?1]
????????return?black_cell?+?1

def?move_down(self,?board,?black_cell):
????????"""
????????It?moves?the?black?cell?down.

????????:param?board:?the?board?that?the?game?is?being?played?on
????????:param?black_cell:?the?cell?that?the?player?is?currently?on
????????"""
????????if?black_cell?<?self.colums:
????????????return?black_cell
????????board[black_cell?-?self.colums],?board[black_cell]?=?board[black_cell],?board[black_cell?-?self.colums]
????????return?black_cell?-?self.colums

move_up函數(shù)，執(zhí)行向下移動的操作。

def?move_up(self,?board,?black_cell):
????????"""
????????It?moves?the?black?cell?up?one?space.

????????:param?board:?the?board?that?the?game?is?being?played?on
????????:param?black_cell:?the?cell?that?the?player?is?currently?on
????????"""
????????if?black_cell?>=?self.cell_nums?-?self.colums:
????????????return?black_cell
????????board[black_cell?+?self.colums],?board[black_cell]?=?board[black_cell],?board[black_cell?+?self.colums]
????????return?black_cell?+?self.colums

is_finished函數(shù)，校驗拼圖是否已經(jīng)完成的操作。

def?is_finished(self,?board):
????????"""
????????If?the?board?is?full,?the?game?is?over

????????:param?board:?a?2D?array?representing?the?current?state?of?the?board.?The?board?is?composed?of?3?characters:?'X',
????????'O',?and?'?'.?'X'?and?'O'?represent?the?two?players.?'?'?represents?an?empty?space
????????"""
????????for?i?in?range(self.cell_nums?-?1):
????????????if?board[i]?!=?i:
????????????????return?False
????????return?True

最后，只需要通過main的主函數(shù)將這個游戲應(yīng)用調(diào)用就可以直接打開拼圖游戲了，并且可以設(shè)置相關(guān)的圖片參數(shù)想對哪個圖片拼圖就設(shè)置哪個，一般建議設(shè)置1024像素以內(nèi)的圖片效果會比較好。

#?This?is?a?special?variable?in?Python?that?is?set?when?the?program?is?run.?If?the?program?is?being?run?directly?(as
#?opposed?to?being?imported),?then?`__name__`?will?be?set?to?`'__main__'`.
if?__name__?==?'__main__':
????"""
????????????It?moves?the?black?cell?up?one?space

????????????:param?board:?the?board?that?the?game?is?being?played?on
????????????:param?black_cell:?the?cell?that?the?player?is?currently?on
????????????:return:?The?new?position?of?the?black?cell.
????????????"""
????GameMain(window_width=500,?window_height=500,
?????????????background_color=(255,?255,?255),?fps=40,
?????????????colums=3,?max_round_time=100,?game_image='./wd.jpeg')

以上就是基于Python實現(xiàn)自制拼圖小游戲的詳細內(nèi)容，更多關(guān)于Python拼圖游戲的資料請關(guān)注腳本之家其它相關(guān)文章！

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