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利用Python實(shí)現(xiàn)繪制3D愛心的代碼分享

更新時(shí)間：2022年11月11日 10:59:01 作者：神仙盼盼

最近你是否也被李峋的愛心跳動(dòng)代碼所感動(dòng)，心動(dòng)不如行動(dòng)，相同的代碼很多，我們今天換一個(gè)玩法！構(gòu)建一個(gè)三維的跳動(dòng)愛心！嗯！這篇博客本著開源的思想！不是說誰對(duì)浪漫過敏的

環(huán)境介紹

python3.8

numpy

matplotlib

第一步，繪制一個(gè)三維的愛心

關(guān)于這一步，我采用的是大佬博客中的最后一種繪制方法。當(dāng)然，根據(jù)我的代碼習(xí)慣，我還是稍做了一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)修改的。

class Guess:
    def __init__(self, bbox=(-1.5, 1.5), resolution=50, lines=20) -> None:
        """
        bbox: 控制畫格的大小
        resolution: 控制愛心的分辨率
        lines: 控制等高線的數(shù)量
        """
        self.xmin, self.xmax, self.ymin, self.ymax, self.zmin, self.zmax = bbox*3
        A = np.linspace(self.xmin, self.xmax, resolution)
        self.B = np.linspace(self.xmin, self.xmax, lines)
        self.A1, self.A2 = np.meshgrid(A, A)
        

    def coordinate(self, x, y, z):
        """
        生成坐標(biāo)
        """
        return (x**2+(9/4)*y**2+z**2-1)**3-x**2*z**3-(9/80)*y**2*z**3

    def draw(self, ax):
        """
        繪制坐標(biāo)
        """
        for z in self.B:
            X, Y = self.A1, self.A2
            Z = self.coordinate(X, Y, z)+z
            cset = ax.contour(X, Y, Z, [z], zdir='z', colors=('pink',))

        for y in self.B:
            X, Z = self.A1, self.A2
            Y = self.coordinate(X, y, Z)+y
            cset = ax.contour(X, Y, Z, [y], zdir='y', colors=('pink',))

        for x in self.B:
            Y, Z = self.A1, self.A2
            X = self.coordinate(x, Y, Z) + x
            cset = ax.contour(X, Y, Z, [x], zdir='x', colors=('pink',))

    def run(self):
        fig = plt.figure()
        ax = fig.add_subplot(projection='3d')
        ax.set_zlim3d(self.zmin, self.zmax)
        ax.set_xlim3d(self.xmin, self.xmax)
        ax.set_ylim3d(self.ymin, self.ymax)
        plt.show()

但是這可以達(dá)到我們想要的效果嗎？

顯然不能！于是我們開始加入億點(diǎn)點(diǎn)細(xì)節(jié)！

億點(diǎn)點(diǎn)細(xì)節(jié)

加入時(shí)間序列

想要心臟跳起來，我們就需要有時(shí)間維度的變化。那怎么做最合理呢？這里僅展示修改的代碼位置。

class Guess:
    def __init__(self, bbox=(-1.5, 1.5), resolution=50, lines=20) -> None:
        plt.ion()                                         # 開啟畫布的動(dòng)態(tài)圖模式
        self.xmin, self.xmax, self.ymin, self.ymax, self.zmin, self.zmax = bbox*3
        self.time = time.time()                           # 這里有一個(gè)衡量的時(shí)間坐標(biāo)，很合理吧
        A = np.linspace(self.xmin, self.xmax, resolution)
        self.B = np.linspace(self.xmin, self.xmax, lines)
        self.A1, self.A2 = np.meshgrid(A, A)

    def run(self, count):
        """
        加入count是我們想循環(huán)的次數(shù)
        """
        fig = plt.figure()
        for i in range(count):
            plt.clf()                               # 每次清除畫布
            ax = fig.add_subplot(projection='3d')
            ax.set_zlim3d(self.zmin, self.zmax)
            ax.set_xlim3d(self.xmin, self.xmax)
            ax.set_ylim3d(self.ymin, self.ymax)
            times = time.time()-self.t/ime          # 計(jì)算畫布的當(dāng)前時(shí)間狀態(tài)
            self.draw(ax, coef)
            plt.show()

加入心臟的跳動(dòng)

心臟的跳動(dòng)當(dāng)然不會(huì)是線性的了，我們需要心臟的跳動(dòng)是有層次感的，并且還是可以做往返運(yùn)動(dòng)的。

emmmmm… 這么說來，cos是不是就是做這個(gè)用的？

于是…

    def __init__(self, bbox=(-1.5, 1.5), resolution=50, lines=20, scale=1.2) -> None:
        """
        scale: 心臟縮放的系數(shù)
        """
        self.xmin, self.xmax, self.ymin, self.ymax, self.zmin, self.zmax = bbox*3
        plt.ion() 
        self.scale = scale   # scale: 心臟縮放的系數(shù) 設(shè)置為全局變量
        self.time = time.time()
        A = np.linspace(self.xmin, self.xmax, resolution)
        self.B = np.linspace(self.xmin, self.xmax, lines)
        self.A1, self.A2 = np.meshgrid(A, A)

    def draw(self, ax, coef):
        """
        coef: 使得心臟可以按照時(shí)間跳動(dòng)
        """
        for z in self.B:
            X, Y = self.A1, self.A2
            Z = self.coordinate(X, Y, z)+z
            cset = ax.contour(X * coef, Y * coef, Z * coef, [z * coef], zdir='z', colors=('pink',))

        for y in self.B:
            X, Z = self.A1, self.A2
            Y = self.coordinate(X, y, Z)+y
            cset = ax.contour(X * coef, Y * coef, Z * coef, [y * coef], zdir='y', colors=('pink',))

        for x in self.B:
            Y, Z = self.A1, self.A2
            X = self.coordinate(x, Y, Z) + x
            cset = ax.contour(X * coef, Y * coef, Z * coef, [x * coef], zdir='x', colors=('pink',))

    def run(self, count):
        """
        加入count是我們想循環(huán)的次數(shù)
        """
        fig = plt.figure()
        for i in range(count):
            plt.clf()                               # 每次清除畫布
            ax = fig.add_subplot(projection='3d')
            ax.set_zlim3d(self.zmin, self.zmax)
            ax.set_xlim3d(self.xmin, self.xmax)
            ax.set_ylim3d(self.ymin, self.ymax)
            times = time.time()-self.time
            coef = np.cos(times) * (self.scale-1) + 1
            # coef 是用來放縮心臟的大小的，加入cos來使它有節(jié)奏的跳動(dòng)
            self.draw(ax, coef)
            plt.pause(0.01)
            plt.show()

很好，這樣我們就有了一個(gè)可以跳動(dòng)的心臟，那么到這結(jié)束了嘛？

一個(gè)好的展示

當(dāng)然沒有！我們希望對(duì)象看到的時(shí)候他稍微有點(diǎn)東西，所以讓它跳動(dòng)卻不能改變方向，豈不是看的不夠全面？所以我們?cè)诩幼詈髢|點(diǎn)點(diǎn)細(xì)節(jié)：

    def run(self, count):
        fig = plt.figure()
        for i in range(count):
            plt.clf()
            ax = fig.add_subplot(projection='3d')
            ax.set_title("你對(duì)象的名字？")              # 加上你對(duì)象的小name
            ax.set_zlim3d(self.zmin, self.zmax)
            ax.set_xlim3d(self.xmin, self.xmax)
            ax.set_ylim3d(self.ymin, self.ymax)
            times = time.time()-self.time
            ax.view_init(10, 100+np.cos(times) * 10)   # 讓三維坐標(biāo)圖可以變換坐標(biāo)展示
            coef = np.cos(times) * (self.scale-1) + 1
            self.draw(ax, coef)
            plt.pause(0.01)  # 讓繪制出來的心臟可以顯示
            plt.show()

完整代碼

代碼完整版及效果如下

import time
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt


class Guess:
    def __init__(self, bbox=(-1.5, 1.5), resolution=50, lines=20, scale=1.2) -> None:
        self.xmin, self.xmax, self.ymin, self.ymax, self.zmin, self.zmax = bbox*3
        plt.ion() 
        self.scale = scale
        self.time = time.time()
        A = np.linspace(self.xmin, self.xmax, resolution)
        self.B = np.linspace(self.xmin, self.xmax, lines)
        self.A1, self.A2 = np.meshgrid(A, A)
        

    def coordinate(self, x, y, z):
        return (x**2+(9/4)*y**2+z**2-1)**3-x**2*z**3-(9/80)*y**2*z**3

    def draw(self, ax, coef):
        for z in self.B:
            X, Y = self.A1, self.A2
            Z = self.coordinate(X, Y, z)+z
            cset = ax.contour(X * coef, Y * coef, Z * coef, [z * coef], zdir='z', colors=('pink',))

        for y in self.B:
            X, Z = self.A1, self.A2
            Y = self.coordinate(X, y, Z)+y
            cset = ax.contour(X * coef, Y * coef, Z * coef, [y * coef], zdir='y', colors=('pink',))

        for x in self.B:
            Y, Z = self.A1, self.A2
            X = self.coordinate(x, Y, Z) + x
            cset = ax.contour(X * coef, Y * coef, Z * coef, [x * coef], zdir='x', colors=('pink',))

    def run(self, count):
        fig = plt.figure()
        for i in range(count):
            plt.clf()
            ax = fig.add_subplot(projection='3d')
            ax.set_title("2LiuYu")
            ax.set_zlim3d(self.zmin, self.zmax)
            ax.set_xlim3d(self.xmin, self.xmax)
            ax.set_ylim3d(self.ymin, self.ymax)
            times = time.time()-self.time
            ax.view_init(10, 100+np.cos(times) * 10)
            coef = np.cos(times) * (self.scale-1) + 1
            self.draw(ax, coef)
            plt.pause(0.01)
            plt.show()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    demo = Guess()
    demo.run(1000)