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python中用shutil.move移動(dòng)文件或目錄的方法實(shí)例

更新時(shí)間：2022年12月24日 11:09:44 作者：jn10010537

在python操作中大家對(duì)os,shutil,sys,等通用庫一定不陌生,下面這篇文章主要給大家介紹了關(guān)于python中用shutil.move移動(dòng)文件或目錄的相關(guān)資料,需要的朋友可以參考下

0、背景

shutil.move可以實(shí)現(xiàn)文件或者目錄的移動(dòng)。

打?。?/p>

import shutil
help(shutil.move)
# 打印如下：
'''
move(src, dst, copy_function=<function copy2 at 0x000001D1CE15F8C8>)
    Recursively move a file or directory to another location. This is
    similar to the Unix "mv" command. Return the file or directory's
    destination.
    
    If the destination is a directory or a symlink to a directory, the source
    is moved inside the directory. The destination path must not already
    exist.
    
    If the destination already exists but is not a directory, it may be
    overwritten depending on os.rename() semantics.
    
    If the destination is on our current filesystem, then rename() is used.
    Otherwise, src is copied to the destination and then removed. Symlinks are
    recreated under the new name if os.rename() fails because of cross
    filesystem renames.
    
    The optional `copy_function` argument is a callable that will be used
    to copy the source or it will be delegated to `copytree`.
    By default, copy2() is used, but any function that supports the same
    signature (like copy()) can be used.
    
    A lot more could be done here...  A look at a mv.c shows a lot of
    the issues this implementation glosses over.
'''

查看shutil.move函數(shù)：

def move(src, dst, copy_function=copy2):
    """Recursively move a file or directory to another location. This is
    similar to the Unix "mv" command. Return the file or directory's
    destination.

    If the destination is a directory or a symlink to a directory, the source
    is moved inside the directory. The destination path must not already
    exist.

    If the destination already exists but is not a directory, it may be
    overwritten depending on os.rename() semantics.

    If the destination is on our current filesystem, then rename() is used.
    Otherwise, src is copied to the destination and then removed. Symlinks are
    recreated under the new name if os.rename() fails because of cross
    filesystem renames.

    The optional `copy_function` argument is a callable that will be used
    to copy the source or it will be delegated to `copytree`.
    By default, copy2() is used, but any function that supports the same
    signature (like copy()) can be used.

    A lot more could be done here...  A look at a mv.c shows a lot of
    the issues this implementation glosses over.

    """
    real_dst = dst
    if os.path.isdir(dst):
        if _samefile(src, dst):
            # We might be on a case insensitive filesystem,
            # perform the rename anyway.
            os.rename(src, dst)
            return

        real_dst = os.path.join(dst, _basename(src))
        if os.path.exists(real_dst):
            raise Error("Destination path '%s' already exists" % real_dst)
    try:
        os.rename(src, real_dst)
    except OSError:
        if os.path.islink(src):
            linkto = os.readlink(src)
            os.symlink(linkto, real_dst)
            os.unlink(src)
        elif os.path.isdir(src):
            if _destinsrc(src, dst):
                raise Error("Cannot move a directory '%s' into itself"
                            " '%s'." % (src, dst))
            copytree(src, real_dst, copy_function=copy_function,
                     symlinks=True)
            rmtree(src)
        else:
            copy_function(src, real_dst)
            os.unlink(src)
    return real_dst

1、移動(dòng)目錄

shutil.move(old,new)用來移動(dòng)：文件夾：

old	是一個(gè)目錄
new	是一個(gè)存在的目錄，這時(shí)會(huì)把old目錄移動(dòng)到new下面；可以new也可以是一個(gè)不存在的目錄，這時(shí)會(huì)創(chuàng)建這個(gè)不存在的目錄，然后把old目錄下面的所有文件移動(dòng)到創(chuàng)建的目錄里面。

舉例：

import shutil
# 移動(dòng)目錄
shutil.move("./folder_123","./folder_456")

./folder_123：

-------------------目錄一定要存在，否則報(bào)錯(cuò)；

./folder_456：

-------------------目錄不存在時(shí)，創(chuàng)建該目錄，并將./folder_123目錄下的文件移動(dòng)到./folder_456目錄下；

-------------------目錄存在時(shí)，將folder_123文件夾移動(dòng)到folder_456文件夾內(nèi)；

2、移動(dòng)文件

shutil.move(old,new)用來移動(dòng)：文件：

old	是一個(gè)文件路徑
new	new是一個(gè)存在的文件夾路徑或是一個(gè)存在的文件夾路徑加文件名

注意：

new如果是一個(gè)不存在的文件夾路徑，則會(huì)將原文件移動(dòng)到new文件夾上一目錄中，且以該文件夾的名字重命名。
new如果是一個(gè)不存在的文件夾路徑加文件名，則會(huì)報(bào)錯(cuò)。

舉例：

import shutil
# 移動(dòng)文件
shutil.move("./mask/sample.jpg","./folder_456/folder_789")

./mask/sample.jpg：

-------------------路徑一定要存在，否則報(bào)錯(cuò)；

./folder_456/folder_789：

-------------------目錄存在時(shí)，將./mask/sample.jpg文件移動(dòng)到./folder_456/folder_789目錄下；

-------------------目錄不存在時(shí)，具體：folder_456存在，folder_789不存在時(shí)，將./mask/sample.jpg移動(dòng)到folder_456文件夾下，并將sample.jpg文件改名為folder_789；

-------------------目錄不存在時(shí)，具體：folder_456不存在，folder_789不存在時(shí)，報(bào)錯(cuò)！

總結(jié)

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