flask結(jié)合jinja2使用詳解

更新時間：2023年03月14日 09:08:05 作者：coleak

本文主要介紹了flask結(jié)合jinja2使用詳解，文中通過示例代碼介紹的非常詳細(xì)，對大家的學(xué)習(xí)或者工作具有一定的參考學(xué)習(xí)價值，需要的朋友們下面隨著小編來一起學(xué)習(xí)學(xué)習(xí)吧

沙箱中執(zhí)行
強(qiáng)大的 HTML 自動轉(zhuǎn)義系統(tǒng)保護(hù)系統(tǒng)免受 XSS
模板繼承
及時編譯最優(yōu)的 python 代碼
可選提前編譯模板的時間
易于調(diào)試。異常的行數(shù)直接指向模板中的對應(yīng)行。
可配置的語法

Jinja 分隔符

Jinja 在模板字符串中使用各種分隔符。

{% %}-陳述
{{ }}-要打印到模板輸出的表達(dá)式
{# #}-模板輸出中未包含的注釋
# ##-行語句

模板渲染

app.py

from flask import Flask,render_template,request
app = Flask(__name__)
 
@app.route('/')
def hello_world():
    return render_template('index.html')
 
@app.route('/blog/<int:blog_id>')
def blog(blog_id):
    page = request.args.get('page', default=1, type=int)
    return render_template('blog.html',id=blog_id,page=page)
 
if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run()

index.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>coleak's page</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>START</h1>
<h2>coleak2</h2>
<h3>coleak3</h3>
<h4>coleak4</h4>
<h5>coleak5</h5>
<h1>END</h1>
</body>
</html>

blog.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>這里是第{{ id }}位博客主的第{{ page }}頁博客</h1>
</body>
</html>

效果測試

http://10.133.5.113:8000
http://10.133.5.113:8000/blog/3
http://10.133.5.113:8000/blog/3?page=6

模板訪問變量屬性

app.py

from flask import Flask,render_template,request
app = Flask(__name__)
 
class user:
    def __init__(self,username,email):
        self.username=username
        self.email=email
 
@app.route('/')
def hello_world():
    User=user('coleak','123@163.com')
    person={
        "username":"coleak",
        "email":"123@666.com"
    }
    return render_template('index.html',user=User,person=person)
 
@app.route('/blog/<int:blog_id>')
def blog(blog_id):
    page = request.args.get('page', default=1, type=int)
    return render_template('blog.html',id=blog_id,page=page)
 
if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run()

index.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>coleak's page</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>START</h1>
<div><h1>welcome {{ user.username }}</h1></div>
<div><h1>你的別名是{{ person.username }},郵箱是{{ person["email"] }}</h1></div>
<h2>coleak2</h2>
<h3>coleak3</h3>
<h4>coleak4</h4>
<h5>coleak5</h5>
<h1>END</h1>
</body>
</html>

效果測試

內(nèi)置過濾器的使用

可以將過濾器應(yīng)用于數(shù)據(jù)以對其進(jìn)行修改。例如，sum 篩選器可以對數(shù)據(jù)求和，escape 篩選器對它們進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)義，sort 篩選器對它們進(jìn)行排序。

app.py

from flask import Flask,render_template,request
app = Flask(__name__)
 
class user:
    def __init__(self,username,email):
        self.username=username
        self.email=email
 
@app.route('/')
def hello_world():
    User=user('coleak','123@163.com')
    person={
        "username":"coleak",
        "email":"123@666.com"
    }
    return render_template('index.html',user=User,person=person)
 
@app.route('/filter')
def filter():
    User1=user('coleak',-123.456)
    return render_template("filter.html",user=User1)
 
if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run()

filter.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>過濾器</title>
</head>
<body>
<div>{{ user.username }}長度為{{ user.username|length }}</div>
<div>{{ user.email }}絕對值為{{ user.email|abs }}</div>
</body>
</html>

效果測試

自定義過濾器

app.py

from flask import Flask,render_template,request
from datetime import datetime
app = Flask(__name__)
 
def my_filter(value,format="%Y年-%m月-%d日 %H時:%M分"):
    return value.strftime(format)
 
class user:
    def __init__(self,username,email):
        self.username=username
        self.email=email
app.add_template_filter(my_filter,"time_filter")
 
@app.route('/')
def hello_world():
    User=user('coleak','123@163.com')
    person={
        "username":"coleak",
        "email":"123@666.com"
    }
    return render_template('index.html',user=User,person=person)
 
@app.route('/filter')
def filter():
    mytime=datetime.now()
    User1=user('coleak',-123.456)
    return render_template("filter.html",user=User1,mytime=mytime)
 
if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run()

filter.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>過濾器</title>
</head>
<body>
<div>{{ mytime }}過濾后為{{ mytime|time_filter }}</div>
</body>
</html>

效果測試

控制語句

app.py

from flask import Flask,render_template,request
from datetime import datetime
app = Flask(__name__)
 
class user:
    def __init__(self,username,email):
        self.username=username
        self.email=email
 
@app.route('/')
def hello_world():
    User=user('coleak','123@163.com')
    person={
        "username":"coleak",
        "email":"123@666.com"
    }
    return render_template('index.html',user=User,person=person)
 
@app.route('/control')
def control():
    age=request.args.get('age')
    age=int (age)
    books=[{"name":"boo1",'price':12},{"name":"boo2",'price':18},{"name":"book3",'price':21}]
    return render_template('control.html',age=age,books=books)
 
if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run()

control.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>控制語句</title>
</head>
<body>
<div>
    {% if age>18 %}
        <h2>可以進(jìn)入網(wǎng)吧</h2>
    {% elif age==18 %}
        <h2>家長陪同下進(jìn)入網(wǎng)吧</h2>
    {% else %}
        <h2>不可以進(jìn)入網(wǎng)吧</h2>
    {% endif %}
</div>
<div>
    {% for book in books %}
        <p>名稱：{{ book.name }}</p>
        <p>價格：{{ book.price }}</p>
    {% endfor %}
</div>
</body>
</html>

效果測試

模板繼承

模板繼承是一項(xiàng)強(qiáng)大的功能，可減少代碼重復(fù)并改善代碼組織。我們定義了一個基本模板，其他模板文件也從中繼承。這些模板文件將覆蓋基本模板文件的特定塊。

app.py

from flask import Flask,render_template,request
from datetime import datetime
app = Flask(__name__)
 
class user:
    def __init__(self,username,email):
        self.username=username
        self.email=email
 
@app.route('/')
def hello_world():
    User=user('coleak','123@163.com')
    person={
        "username":"coleak",
        "email":"123@666.com"
    }
    return render_template('index.html',user=User,person=person)
 
@app.route('/base')
def base():
    return render_template("base.html")
@app.route('/ch1')
def ch1():
    return render_template("ch1.html")
@app.route('/ch2')
def ch2():
    return render_template("ch2.html")
 
 
if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run()

base.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>{% block title %}{% endblock %}</title>
</head>
<body>
{% block body %}
{% endblock %}
</body>
</html>

ch1.html

{% extends "base.html" %}
{% block title %}
    ch1的標(biāo)題
{% endblock %}
{% block body %}
    <div>ch1的body</div>
{% endblock %}

ch1.html

{% extends "base.html" %}
{% block title %}
    ch2的標(biāo)題
{% endblock %}
{% block body %}
    <div>ch2的body</div>
{% endblock %}

加載靜態(tài)文件

結(jié)構(gòu)框架

add.py

from flask import Flask,render_template,request
from datetime import datetime
app = Flask(__name__)
 
class user:
    def __init__(self,username,email):
        self.username=username
        self.email=email
 
@app.route('/')
def hello_world():
    User=user('coleak','123@163.com')
    person={
        "username":"coleak",
        "email":"123@666.com"
    }
    return render_template('index.html',user=User,person=person)
 
@app.route('/static')
def static_use():
    return render_template("static.html")
 
if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run()

static.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>static</title>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="{{ url_for('static',filename=" rel="external nofollow" css/style.css") }}">
    <script src="{{ url_for('static',filename="js/myjs.js") }}"></script>
</head>
<body>
<img src="{{ url_for('static',filename="images/flask.jpg") }}"></img>
</body>
</html>

myjs.js