考慮這樣一個(gè)問題，有hello.py腳本，輸出”hello, world!”；有TestInput.py腳本，等待用戶輸入，然后打印用戶輸入的數(shù)據(jù)。那么，怎么樣把hello.py輸出內(nèi)容發(fā)送給TestInput.py，最后TestInput.py打印接收到的”hello, world!”。下面我來逐步講解一下shell的交互方式。

hello.py代碼如下:

#!/usr/bin/python
print "hello, world!"

TestInput.py代碼如下:

#!/usr/bin/python
str = raw_input()
print("input string is: %s" % str)

1.os.system(cmd)

這種方式只是執(zhí)行shell命令,返回一個(gè)返回碼(0表示執(zhí)行成功,否則表示失敗)

retcode = os.system("python hello.py")
print("retcode is: %s" % retcode);

輸出:

hello, world!
retcode is: 0

2.os.popen(cmd)

執(zhí)行命令并返回該執(zhí)行命令程序的輸入流或輸出流.該命令只能操作單向流,與shell命令單向交互,不能雙向交互.
返回程序輸出流,用fouput變量連接到輸出流

fouput = os.popen("python hello.py")
result = fouput.readlines()
print("result is: %s" % result);

輸出:

result is: ['hello, world!\n']

返回輸入流,用finput變量連接到輸出流

finput = os.popen("python TestInput.py", "w")
finput.write("how are you\n")

輸出:

input string is: how are you

3.利用subprocess模塊

subprocess.call()

類似os.system(),注意這里的”shell=True”表示用shell執(zhí)行命令,而不是用默認(rèn)的os.execvp()執(zhí)行.

f = call("python hello.py", shell=True)
print f

輸出:

hello, world!
0

subprocess.Popen()

利用Popen可以是實(shí)現(xiàn)雙向流的通信,可以將一個(gè)程序的輸出流發(fā)送到另外一個(gè)程序的輸入流.
Popen()是Popen類的構(gòu)造函數(shù),communicate()返回元組(stdoutdata, stderrdata).

p1 = Popen("python hello.py", stdin = None, stdout = PIPE, shell=True)
p2 = Popen("python TestInput.py", stdin = p1.stdout, stdout = PIPE, shell=True)
print p2.communicate()[0]
#other way
#print p2.stdout.readlines()

輸出:

input string is: hello, world!

整合代碼如下:

#!/usr/bin/python
import os
from subprocess import Popen, PIPE, call

retcode = os.system("python hello.py")
print("retcode is: %s" % retcode);

fouput = os.popen("python hello.py")
result = fouput.readlines()
print("result is: %s" % result);

finput = os.popen("python TestInput.py", "w")
finput.write("how are you\n")


f = call("python hello.py", shell=True)
print f

p1 = Popen("python hello.py", stdin = None, stdout = PIPE, shell=True)

p2 = Popen("python TestInput.py", stdin = p1.stdout, stdout = PIPE, shell=True)
print p2.communicate()[0]
#other way
#print p2.stdout.readlines()

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