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使用Python編寫一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的tic-tac-toe游戲的教程

 更新時(shí)間：2015年04月16日 11:32:00   投稿：goldensun  
這篇文章主要介紹了使用Python編寫一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的tic-tac-toe游戲的教程,有利于Python初學(xué)者進(jìn)行上手實(shí)踐,需要的朋友可以參考下

 這個(gè)教程，我們將展示如何用python創(chuàng)建一個(gè)井字游戲。 其中我們將使用函數(shù)、數(shù)組、if條件語(yǔ)句、while循環(huán)語(yǔ)句和錯(cuò)誤捕獲等。

首先我們需要?jiǎng)?chuàng)建兩個(gè)函數(shù)，第一個(gè)函數(shù)用來(lái)顯示游戲板:
 

def print_board():
  for i in range(0,3):
    for j in range(0,3):
      print map[2-i][j],
      if j != 2:
        print "|",
    print ""

這我們使用兩個(gè)for循環(huán)來(lái)遍歷map，該map是一個(gè)包含了位置信息的二維數(shù)組。

游戲板看起來(lái)是這樣的:
 

|  | 
|  | 
|  |
 
X | X | 
O | X | O
 | O | X
 
X | X | X
X | X | X
X | X | X

 
下面我們需要一個(gè)函數(shù)check_done()來(lái)檢查游戲是否結(jié)束。如果結(jié)束，則返回True并打印消息。
 

def check_done():
  for i in range(0,3):
    if map[i][0] == map[i][1] == map[i][2] != " " \
    or map[0][i] == map[1][i] == map[2][i] != " ":
      print turn, "won!!!"
      return True
     
  if map[0][0] == map[1][1] == map[2][2] != " " \
  or map[0][2] == map[1][1] == map[2][0] != " ":
    print turn, "won!!!"
    return True
 
  if " " not in map[0] and " " not in map[1] and " " not in map[2]:
    print "Draw"
    return True
     
  return False

有幾個(gè)地方需要檢查，首先檢查水平和垂直方向，是否有一行或一列不為空且包含有三個(gè)相同的符號(hào)，然后我們?cè)贆z查斜方向。如果上面有一個(gè)方向滿足，游戲結(jié)束并打印“Won!!!”。請(qǐng)注意檢查變量改變，它用來(lái)標(biāo)記當(dāng)前是哪一位玩家。

同時(shí)我們需要檢查當(dāng)前游戲板是否被填滿且沒(méi)有人獲勝，游戲平局。

有了上面的兩個(gè)函數(shù)，下面我們創(chuàng)建3個(gè)變量:
 

turn = "X"
map = [[" "," "," "],
    [" "," "," "],
    [" "," "," "]]
done = False

    turn : 輪到誰(shuí)
    map : 游戲板
    done : 游戲是否結(jié)束

現(xiàn)在啟動(dòng)游戲:
 

while done != True:
  print_board()
   
  print turn, "'s turn"
  print
 
  moved = False
  while moved != True:

這里使用了while循環(huán)直到游戲結(jié)束并返回true.在這個(gè)循環(huán)里面，使用了另外一個(gè)while循環(huán)來(lái)檢查玩家是否移動(dòng)，如果玩家沒(méi)有移動(dòng)，則程序會(huì)跳到下一次循環(huán)。

下一步告訴玩家怎么玩:
 

print "Please select position by typing in a number between 1 and 9, see below for which number that is which position..."
    print "7|8|9"
    print "4|5|6"
    print "1|2|3"
    print
 
try:
      pos = input("Select: ")
      if pos <=9 and pos >=1:

我們期望玩家輸入一個(gè)數(shù)字，檢查該數(shù)字是否是在1到9之間。另外，我們這里需要一段錯(cuò)誤處理邏輯，我們還需要需要檢查玩家是否能移動(dòng)到一個(gè)位置:
 

Y = pos/3
        X = pos%3
        if X != 0:
          X -=1
        else:
           X = 2
           Y -=1

以下是全部的代碼:
 

def print_board():
  for i in range(0,3):
    for j in range(0,3):
      print map[2-i][j],
      if j != 2:
        print "|",
    print ""
 
 
def check_done():
  for i in range(0,3):
    if map[i][0] == map[i][1] == map[i][2] != " " \
    or map[0][i] == map[1][i] == map[2][i] != " ":
      print turn, "won!!!"
      return True
     
  if map[0][0] == map[1][1] == map[2][2] != " " \
  or map[0][2] == map[1][1] == map[2][0] != " ":
    print turn, "won!!!"
    return True
 
  if " " not in map[0] and " " not in map[1] and " " not in map[2]:
    print "Draw"
    return True
     
 
  return False
 
 
 
 
 
turn = "X"
map = [[" "," "," "],
    [" "," "," "],
    [" "," "," "]]
done = False
 
 
while done != True:
  print_board()
   
  print turn, "'s turn"
  print
 
  moved = False
  while moved != True:
    print "Please select position by typing in a number between 1 and 9,\
    see below for which number that is which position..."
    print "7|8|9"
    print "4|5|6"
    print "1|2|3"
    print
 
    try:
      pos = input("Select: ")
      if pos <=9 and pos >=1:
        Y = pos/3
        X = pos%3
        if X != 0:
          X -=1
        else:
           X = 2
           Y -=1
           
        if map[Y][X] == " ":
          map[Y][X] = turn
          moved = True
          done = check_done()
 
          if done == False:
            if turn == "X":
              turn = "O"
            else:
              turn = "X"
         
       
    except:
      print "You need to add a numeric value"

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