Python程序中使用SQLAlchemy時出現(xiàn)亂碼的解決方案
今天對clubot進行了升級, 但是導入數(shù)據(jù)后中文亂碼, 一開是找資料說是在創(chuàng)建引擎的時候添加編碼信息:
engine = create_engine("mysql://root:@localhost:3306/clubot?charset=utf8")
但是這并不行, 然后查看表信息:
> show create table clubot_members; clubot_members | CREATE TABLE `clubot_members` ( `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `email` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL, `nick` varchar(50) DEFAULT NULL, `last_say` timestamp NULL DEFAULT NULL, `last_change` timestamp NULL DEFAULT NULL, `isonline` int(11) DEFAULT NULL, `join_date` timestamp NULL DEFAULT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`id`), UNIQUE KEY `email` (`email`), UNIQUE KEY `nick` (`nick`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=20 DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1;
發(fā)現(xiàn)原來創(chuàng)建表的時候用的latin1編碼, 而老的表是用utf-8編碼創(chuàng)建的, SQLAlchemy中并沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)有創(chuàng)建表時指定指定編碼的方法. 所以只能在MySQL本身來找:
> show VARIABLES like "character%%"; +--------------------------+-----------------------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +--------------------------+-----------------------------+ | character_set_client | utf8 | | character_set_connection | utf8 | | character_set_database | latin1 | | character_set_filesystem | binary | | character_set_results | utf8 | | character_set_server | latin1 | | character_set_system | utf8 | | character_sets_dir | /data/share/mysql/charsets/ | +--------------------------+-----------------------------+ 8 rows in set (0.00 sec) > show create database clubot; +----------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Database | Create Database | +----------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+ | clubot | CREATE DATABASE `clubot` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET latin1 */ | +----------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
發(fā)現(xiàn) MySQL默認的和數(shù)據(jù)庫都是latin1的編碼, 所以更改數(shù)據(jù)庫配置
分別在[client] [mysqld]下添加
這時重啟MySQL居然起不來, 說default-character-set是無效的變量, 查看MySQL版本發(fā)現(xiàn)是5.5, 找資料說5.5的服務(wù)端編碼設(shè)置變量是character-set-server, 所以將[mysqld]上的default-character-set = utf8改為 character-set-server = utf8, 并重啟MySQL
然后更改數(shù)據(jù)庫編碼:
刪除新建的表, 并重新導入數(shù)據(jù)中文就正常了
> drop table clubot_status;
> drop table clubot_infos;
> drop table clubot_history;
> drop table clubot_members;