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Ruby中處理時(shí)間的一些基本操作

 更新時(shí)間：2015年05月12日 11:37:58   投稿：goldensun  
這篇文章主要介紹了Ruby中處理時(shí)間的一些基本操作,主要是利用到了Ruby中強(qiáng)大的Time模塊,需要的朋友可以參考下

 獲取當(dāng)前日期和時(shí)間:

以下是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的例子，以獲得當(dāng)前的日期和時(shí)間：

#!/usr/bin/ruby -w

time1 = Time.new

puts "Current Time : " + time1.inspect

# Time.now is a synonym:
time2 = Time.now
puts "Current Time : " + time2.inspect

這將產(chǎn)生以下結(jié)果：

Current Time : Mon Jun 02 12:02:39 -0700 2008
Current Time : Mon Jun 02 12:02:39 -0700 2008

獲取組件的日期和時(shí)間：

我們可以用 Time  對(duì)象來(lái)獲取日期和時(shí)間的各個(gè)組成部分。下面的例子顯示相同的：

#!/usr/bin/ruby -w

time = Time.new

# Components of a Time
puts "Current Time : " + time.inspect
puts time.year  # => Year of the date 
puts time.month  # => Month of the date (1 to 12)
puts time.day   # => Day of the date (1 to 31 )
puts time.wday  # => 0: Day of week: 0 is Sunday
puts time.yday  # => 365: Day of year
puts time.hour  # => 23: 24-hour clock
puts time.min   # => 59
puts time.sec   # => 59
puts time.usec  # => 999999: microseconds
puts time.zone  # => "UTC": timezone name

這將產(chǎn)生以下結(jié)果：

Current Time : Mon Jun 02 12:03:08 -0700 2008
2008
6
2
1
154
12
3
8
247476
UTC

Time.utc，Time.gm和Time.local函數(shù)：

可用于這兩個(gè)函數(shù)以標(biāo)準(zhǔn)格式來(lái)格式化日期如下：

# July 8, 2008
Time.local(2008, 7, 8) 
# July 8, 2008, 09:10am, local time
Time.local(2008, 7, 8, 9, 10)  
# July 8, 2008, 09:10 UTC
Time.utc(2008, 7, 8, 9, 10) 
# July 8, 2008, 09:10:11 GMT (same as UTC)
Time.gm(2008, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11)

下面的例子，在一個(gè)數(shù)組來(lái)獲取所有組件按以下格式：

[sec,min,hour,day,month,year,wday,yday,isdst,zone]

嘗試以下操作：

#!/usr/bin/ruby -w

time = Time.new

values = time.to_a
p values

這將產(chǎn)生以下結(jié)果：

[26, 10, 12, 2, 6, 2008, 1, 154, false, "MST"]

這個(gè)數(shù)組可以傳遞給Time.utc或Time.local函數(shù)得到不同的日期格式如下：

#!/usr/bin/ruby -w

time = Time.new

values = time.to_a
puts Time.utc(*values)

這將產(chǎn)生以下結(jié)果：

Mon Jun 02 12:15:36 UTC 2008

跟隨著的方式來(lái)獲得內(nèi)部表示（依賴于平臺(tái)）歷元以來(lái)的秒數(shù)時(shí)間：

# Returns number of seconds since epoch
time = Time.now.to_i 

# Convert number of seconds into Time object.
Time.at(time)

# Returns second since epoch which includes microseconds
time = Time.now.to_f

時(shí)區(qū)和夏令時(shí)：

可以使用一個(gè) Time 對(duì)象來(lái)獲取相關(guān)的所有信息的時(shí)區(qū)和夏令如下：

time = Time.new

# Here is the interpretation
time.zone    # => "UTC": return the timezone
time.utc_offset # => 0: UTC is 0 seconds offset from UTC
time.zone    # => "PST" (or whatever your timezone is)
time.isdst   # => false: If UTC does not have DST.
time.utc?    # => true: if t is in UTC time zone
time.localtime # Convert to local timezone.
time.gmtime   # Convert back to UTC.
time.getlocal  # Return a new Time object in local zone
time.getutc   # Return a new Time object in UTC

格式化時(shí)間和日期：

有各種各樣的方式來(lái)格式化日期和時(shí)間。下面是一個(gè)例子，說(shuō)明幾個(gè)：

#!/usr/bin/ruby -w
time = Time.new

puts time.to_s
puts time.ctime
puts time.localtime
puts time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")

這將產(chǎn)生以下結(jié)果：

Mon Jun 02 12:35:19 -0700 2008
Mon Jun 2 12:35:19 2008
Mon Jun 02 12:35:19 -0700 2008
2008-06-02 12:35:19

 時(shí)間算術(shù)：

可以在時(shí)間上做簡(jiǎn)單的算術(shù)如下：

now = Time.now      # Current time
puts now

past = now - 10     # 10 seconds ago. Time - number => Time
puts past

future = now + 10    # 10 seconds from now Time + number => Time
puts future

diff = future - now   # => 10 Time - Time => number of seconds
puts diff

這將產(chǎn)生以下結(jié)果：

Thu Aug 01 20:57:05 -0700 2013
Thu Aug 01 20:56:55 -0700 2013
Thu Aug 01 20:57:15 -0700 2013
10.0

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