Ruby中處理時間的一些基本操作
獲取當前日期和時間:
以下是一個簡單的例子,以獲得當前的日期和時間:
#!/usr/bin/ruby -w time1 = Time.new puts "Current Time : " + time1.inspect # Time.now is a synonym: time2 = Time.now puts "Current Time : " + time2.inspect
這將產(chǎn)生以下結(jié)果:
Current Time : Mon Jun 02 12:02:39 -0700 2008 Current Time : Mon Jun 02 12:02:39 -0700 2008
獲取組件的日期和時間:
我們可以用 Time 對象來獲取日期和時間的各個組成部分。下面的例子顯示相同的:
#!/usr/bin/ruby -w time = Time.new # Components of a Time puts "Current Time : " + time.inspect puts time.year # => Year of the date puts time.month # => Month of the date (1 to 12) puts time.day # => Day of the date (1 to 31 ) puts time.wday # => 0: Day of week: 0 is Sunday puts time.yday # => 365: Day of year puts time.hour # => 23: 24-hour clock puts time.min # => 59 puts time.sec # => 59 puts time.usec # => 999999: microseconds puts time.zone # => "UTC": timezone name
這將產(chǎn)生以下結(jié)果:
Current Time : Mon Jun 02 12:03:08 -0700 2008 2008 6 2 1 154 12 3 8 247476 UTC
Time.utc,Time.gm和Time.local函數(shù):
可用于這兩個函數(shù)以標準格式來格式化日期如下:
# July 8, 2008 Time.local(2008, 7, 8) # July 8, 2008, 09:10am, local time Time.local(2008, 7, 8, 9, 10) # July 8, 2008, 09:10 UTC Time.utc(2008, 7, 8, 9, 10) # July 8, 2008, 09:10:11 GMT (same as UTC) Time.gm(2008, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11)
下面的例子,在一個數(shù)組來獲取所有組件按以下格式:
[sec,min,hour,day,month,year,wday,yday,isdst,zone]
嘗試以下操作:
#!/usr/bin/ruby -w time = Time.new values = time.to_a p values
這將產(chǎn)生以下結(jié)果:
[26, 10, 12, 2, 6, 2008, 1, 154, false, "MST"]
這個數(shù)組可以傳遞給Time.utc或Time.local函數(shù)得到不同的日期格式如下:
#!/usr/bin/ruby -w time = Time.new values = time.to_a puts Time.utc(*values)
這將產(chǎn)生以下結(jié)果:
Mon Jun 02 12:15:36 UTC 2008
跟隨著的方式來獲得內(nèi)部表示(依賴于平臺)歷元以來的秒數(shù)時間:
# Returns number of seconds since epoch time = Time.now.to_i # Convert number of seconds into Time object. Time.at(time) # Returns second since epoch which includes microseconds time = Time.now.to_f
時區(qū)和夏令時:
可以使用一個 Time 對象來獲取相關(guān)的所有信息的時區(qū)和夏令如下:
time = Time.new # Here is the interpretation time.zone # => "UTC": return the timezone time.utc_offset # => 0: UTC is 0 seconds offset from UTC time.zone # => "PST" (or whatever your timezone is) time.isdst # => false: If UTC does not have DST. time.utc? # => true: if t is in UTC time zone time.localtime # Convert to local timezone. time.gmtime # Convert back to UTC. time.getlocal # Return a new Time object in local zone time.getutc # Return a new Time object in UTC
格式化時間和日期:
有各種各樣的方式來格式化日期和時間。下面是一個例子,說明幾個:
#!/usr/bin/ruby -w time = Time.new puts time.to_s puts time.ctime puts time.localtime puts time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
這將產(chǎn)生以下結(jié)果:
Mon Jun 02 12:35:19 -0700 2008 Mon Jun 2 12:35:19 2008 Mon Jun 02 12:35:19 -0700 2008 2008-06-02 12:35:19
時間算術(shù):
可以在時間上做簡單的算術(shù)如下:
now = Time.now # Current time puts now past = now - 10 # 10 seconds ago. Time - number => Time puts past future = now + 10 # 10 seconds from now Time + number => Time puts future diff = future - now # => 10 Time - Time => number of seconds puts diff
這將產(chǎn)生以下結(jié)果:
Thu Aug 01 20:57:05 -0700 2013 Thu Aug 01 20:56:55 -0700 2013 Thu Aug 01 20:57:15 -0700 2013 10.0
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