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Python使用pyglet庫(kù)完整實(shí)現(xiàn)漢諾塔游戲流程詳解

更新時(shí)間：2024年04月01日 16:55:19 作者：Hann Yang

這篇文章主要介紹了Python使用pyglet庫(kù)完整實(shí)現(xiàn)漢諾塔游戲流程，漢諾塔問(wèn)題是一個(gè)遞歸問(wèn)題，也可以使用非遞歸法來(lái)解決，這個(gè)問(wèn)題不僅是一個(gè)數(shù)學(xué)和邏輯問(wèn)題，也是一個(gè)很好的教學(xué)工具，可以用來(lái)教授遞歸、算法和邏輯思考等概念，需要的朋友可以參考下

前言

漢諾塔（Tower of Hanoi），是一個(gè)源于印度古老傳說(shuō)的益智玩具。這個(gè)傳說(shuō)講述了大梵天創(chuàng)造世界的時(shí)候，他做了三根金剛石柱子，并在其中一根柱子上從下往上按照大小順序摞著64片黃金圓盤。大梵天命令婆羅門將這些圓盤從下面開(kāi)始按大小順序重新擺放在另一根柱子上，并規(guī)定在小圓盤上不能放大圓盤，同時(shí)在三根柱子之間一次只能移動(dòng)一個(gè)圓盤。當(dāng)盤子的數(shù)量增加時(shí)，移動(dòng)步驟的數(shù)量會(huì)呈指數(shù)級(jí)增長(zhǎng)，圓盤數(shù)為n時(shí)，總步驟數(shù)steps為2^n - 1。

n = 64， steps = 2^64 - 1 = 18446744073709551616 ≈ 1.845 x 10^19

漢諾塔問(wèn)題是一個(gè)遞歸問(wèn)題，也可以使用非遞歸法來(lái)解決，例如使用棧來(lái)模擬遞歸過(guò)程。這個(gè)問(wèn)題不僅是一個(gè)數(shù)學(xué)和邏輯問(wèn)題，也是一個(gè)很好的教學(xué)工具，可以用來(lái)教授遞歸、算法和邏輯思考等概念。同時(shí)，漢諾塔游戲也具有一定的娛樂(lè)性，人們可以通過(guò)解決不同規(guī)模的漢諾塔問(wèn)題來(lái)挑戰(zhàn)自己的智力和耐心。

抓取顏色

本篇將展示如何用python pyglet庫(kù)制作這個(gè)小游戲，首先在上圖中抓取出需要用到的顏色RGB值，每種顏色畫一個(gè)矩形塊：

Rectangle(x, y, width, height, color=color)

代碼：

import pyglet
window = pyglet.window.Window(800, 500, caption='漢諾塔')
pyglet.gl.glClearColor(1, 1, 1, 1)
batch = pyglet.graphics.Batch()
Color = (182,128,18),(25,65,160),(56,170,210),(16,188,78),(20,240,20),(240,240,20),(255,128,20),(240,20,20),(245,60,138)
class Rect:
    def __init__(self, x, y, color=(0,0,0), width=180, height=60):
        self.rect = pyglet.shapes.Rectangle(x, y, width, height, color=color, batch=batch)
@window.event
def on_draw():
    window.clear()
    batch.draw()
rectangle = [None]*9
for i,color in enumerate(Color):
    rectangle[i] = Rect(110+i//3*200, 120+i%3*100, color)
pyglet.app.run()

繪制圓盤

圓盤用矩形加2個(gè)半圓表示，半圓用扇形控件繪制：

Sector(x,y, radius=R, angle=pi, start_angle=-pi/2, color=color)

注意圓盤類中的矩形的寬度和坐標(biāo)需要調(diào)整，整個(gè)圓盤類的寬度是矩形寬度加2倍扇形半徑，圓盤的中心是矩形的中心而不是矩形左下角。

import pyglet
window = pyglet.window.Window(800, 500, caption='漢諾塔')
pyglet.gl.glClearColor(1, 1, 1, 1)
batch = pyglet.graphics.Batch()
pi = 3.141592653589793
Color = (182,128,18),(25,65,160),(56,170,210),(16,188,78),(20,240,20),(240,240,20),(255,128,20),(240,20,20),(245,60,138)
class Bead:
    def __init__(self, x, y, width=180, height=60):
        self.sec1 = pyglet.shapes.Sector(x+width/2-height/2, y, radius=height/2, angle=pi, start_angle=-pi/2, color=Color[5], batch=batch)
        self.sec2 = pyglet.shapes.Sector(x-width/2+height/2, y, radius=height/2, angle=pi, start_angle=pi/2, color=Color[5], batch=batch)
        self.rect = pyglet.shapes.Rectangle(x-width/2+height/2, y-height/2, width-height, height, color=Color[1], batch=batch)
@window.event
def on_draw():
    window.clear()
    batch.draw()
ead1 = Bead(window.width/2, window.height/2)
pyglet.app.run()

九層漢塔

疊加多個(gè)圓盤，繪制出漢諾塔的樣子：

代碼：

import pyglet
window = pyglet.window.Window(800, 500, caption='漢諾塔')
pyglet.gl.glClearColor(1, 1, 1, 1)
batch = pyglet.graphics.Batch()
pi = 3.141592653589793
Color = (182,128,18),(25,65,160),(56,170,210),(16,188,78),(20,240,20),(240,240,20),(255,128,20),(240,20,20),(245,60,138)
class Disk:
    def __init__(self, x, y, color=(0,0,0), width=200, height=20):
        self.sec1 = pyglet.shapes.Sector(x+width/2-height/2, y, radius=height/2, angle=pi, start_angle=-pi/2, color=color, batch=batch)
        self.sec2 = pyglet.shapes.Sector(x-width/2+height/2, y, radius=height/2, angle=pi, start_angle=pi/2, color=color, batch=batch)
        self.rect = pyglet.shapes.Rectangle(x-width/2+height/2, y-height/2, width-height, height, color=color, batch=batch)
        assert(width>height and x-width/2+height/2>0)
@window.event
def on_draw():
    window.clear()
    batch.draw()
x, y = window.width/2, window.height/2
width, height = 200, 40
disk = []
for i in range(9):
    disk.append(Disk(x, y+height*(i-4), Color[i], width=width-20*(i-1), height=height))
pyglet.app.run()

繪制塔架

把圓盤變簿(高度換成厚度)，再加一條粗直線(直線的寬度等于圓盤的厚度)表示出“豎桿”，就畫出疊放的架子來(lái)：

self.pole = pyglet.shapes.Line(x, y, x, y+height, width=thickness, color=color)

self.disk = Disk(x, y, color=color, width=width, height=thickness)

代碼：

import pyglet
window = pyglet.window.Window(800, 500, caption='漢諾塔')
pyglet.gl.glClearColor(1, 1, 1, 1)
batch = pyglet.graphics.Batch()
pi = 3.141592653589793
Color = (182,128,18),(25,65,160),(56,170,210),(16,188,78),(20,240,20),(240,240,20),(255,128,20),(240,20,20),(245,60,138)
class Disk:
    def __init__(self, x, y, color=(0,0,0), width=200, height=20):
        self.sec1 = pyglet.shapes.Sector(x+width/2-height/2, y, radius=height/2, angle=pi, start_angle=-pi/2, color=color, batch=batch)
        self.sec2 = pyglet.shapes.Sector(x-width/2+height/2, y, radius=height/2, angle=pi, start_angle=pi/2, color=color, batch=batch)
        self.rect = pyglet.shapes.Rectangle(x-width/2+height/2, y-height/2, width-height, height, color=color, batch=batch)
        assert(width>height and x-width/2+height/2>0)
class Hann:
    def __init__(self, x, y, color=(0,0,0), width=220, height=300, thickness=20):
        self.pole = pyglet.shapes.Line(x, y, x, y+height, width=thickness, color=color, batch=batch)
        self.disk = Disk(x, y, color=color, width=width, height=thickness)
@window.event
def on_draw():
    window.clear()
    batch.draw()
pole1 = Hann(window.width/2-250, 100)
pole2 = Hann(window.width/2, 100, color=Color[0])
pole3 = Hann(window.width/2+250, 100, color=Color[1])
pyglet.app.run()

疊加圓盤

把多個(gè)圓盤疊加磊在塔架上，圓盤數(shù)至少為2。注意Color顏色列表共有9種顏色，Color[i%8+1]只取后8種顏色，Color[0]僅用于塔架的涂色。

Hann類中各控件的坐標(biāo)計(jì)算有點(diǎn)復(fù)雜，以下方案可以解決問(wèn)題但未必是最佳方案：

self.x, self.y = x, y
self.width = width
self.height = (height-thickness*2)/order
self.step = (width-thickness)/(order+1)
self.beads = []
self.coordinates = []
for i in range(order):
    self.coordinates.append([self.x, self.y+(i+1)*self.height-(self.height-thickness)/2])

代碼：

import pyglet
window = pyglet.window.Window(800, 500, caption='漢諾塔')
pyglet.gl.glClearColor(1, 1, 1, 1)
batch = pyglet.graphics.Batch()
pi = 3.141592653589793
Color = (182,128,18),(25,65,160),(56,170,210),(16,188,78),(20,240,20),(240,240,20),(255,128,20),(240,20,20),(245,60,138)
class Disk:
    def __init__(self, x, y, color=(0,0,0), width=200, height=20):
        self.sec1 = pyglet.shapes.Sector(x+width/2-height/2, y, radius=height/2, angle=pi, start_angle=-pi/2, color=color, batch=batch)
        self.sec2 = pyglet.shapes.Sector(x-width/2+height/2, y, radius=height/2, angle=pi, start_angle=pi/2, color=color, batch=batch)
        self.rect = pyglet.shapes.Rectangle(x-width/2+height/2, y-height/2, width-height, height, color=color, batch=batch)
        assert(width>height and x-width/2+height/2>0)
class Hann:
    def __init__(self, x, y, order=2, thickness=20, width=220, height=300):
        assert(order>1)
        self.pole = pyglet.shapes.Line(x, y, x, y+height, width=thickness, color=Color[0], batch=batch)
        self.disk = Disk(x, y, color=Color[0], width=width+thickness, height=thickness)
        self.x, self.y = x, y
        self.width = width
        self.height = (height-thickness*2)/order
        self.step = (width-thickness)/(order+1)
        self.beads = []
        self.coordinates = []
        for i in range(order):
            self.coordinates.append([self.x, self.y+(i+1)*self.height-(self.height-thickness)/2])
        self.fillup()
    def fillup(self):
        for i,xy in enumerate(self.coordinates):
            self.beads.append(Disk(*xy, Color[i%8+1], width=self.width-i*self.step, height=self.height))
@window.event
def on_draw():
    window.clear()
    batch.draw()
hann1 = Hann(window.width/2-260, 100, 2)
hann2 = Hann(window.width/2-22, 180, 5, 25)
hann3 = Hann(window.width/2+230, 80, 10, 15, 300, 380)
pyglet.app.run()

游戲框架

畫三個(gè)相同的塔架，左邊的磊放好圓盤。另外用兩個(gè)圓代替兩個(gè)扇形，效果一樣卻省了pi常量。

Circle(x+width/2-height/2, y, radius=height/2, color=color)

代碼：

import pyglet
window = pyglet.window.Window(800, 500, caption='漢諾塔')
pyglet.gl.glClearColor(1, 1, 1, 1)
batch = pyglet.graphics.Batch()
Color = (182,128,18),(25,65,160),(56,170,210),(16,188,78),(20,240,20),(240,240,20),(255,128,20),(240,20,20),(245,60,138)
class Disk:
    def __init__(self, x, y, color=(0,0,0), width=200, height=20):
        self.cir1 = pyglet.shapes.Circle(x+width/2-height/2, y, radius=height/2, color=color, batch=batch)
        self.cir2 = pyglet.shapes.Circle(x-width/2+height/2, y, radius=height/2, color=color, batch=batch)
        self.rect = pyglet.shapes.Rectangle(x-width/2+height/2, y-height/2, width-height, height, color=color, batch=batch)
        assert(width>height and x-width/2+height/2>0)
class Hann:
    def __init__(self, x, y, order=2, thickness=20, width=200, height=300):
        assert(order>1)
        self.pole = pyglet.shapes.Line(x, y, x, y+height, width=thickness, color=Color[0], batch=batch)
        self.disk = Disk(x, y, color=Color[0], width=width+thickness, height=thickness)
        self.x, self.y = x, y
        self.width = width
        self.height = (height-thickness*2)/order
        self.step = (width-thickness)/(order+1)
        self.beads = []
        self.coordinates = []
        for i in range(order):
            self.coordinates.append([self.x, self.y+(i+1)*self.height-(self.height-thickness)/2])
    def fillup(self):
        for i,xy in enumerate(self.coordinates):
            self.beads.append(Disk(*xy, Color[i%8+1], width=self.width-i*self.step, height=self.height))
class Game:
    def __init__(self, x, y, order=2, space=250):
        self.x, self.y = x, y
        self.space = space
        self.order = order
        self.hanns = Hann(x-space, y, order), Hann(x, y, order), Hann(x+space, y, order)
        self.hanns[0].fillup()
@window.event
def on_draw():
    window.clear()
    batch.draw()
hann = Game(window.width/2, 100, 8)
pyglet.app.run()

接下來(lái)就要添加鼠標(biāo)和鍵盤事件，用于操作在塔架上移動(dòng)圓盤。

以上就是Python使用pyglet庫(kù)完整實(shí)現(xiàn)漢諾塔游戲流程詳解的詳細(xì)內(nèi)容，更多關(guān)于Python pyglet漢諾塔的資料請(qǐng)關(guān)注腳本之家其它相關(guān)文章！

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