Python的string模塊中的Template類字符串模板用法
string.Template()
string.Template()內(nèi)添加替換的字符, 使用"$"符號, 或 在字符串內(nèi), 使用"${}"; 調用時使用string.substitute(dict)函數(shù).
可以通過繼承"string.Template", 覆蓋變量delimiter(定界符)和idpattern(替換格式), 定制不同形式的模板.
代碼:
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import string
template_text = '''''
Delimiter : %%
Replaced : %with_underscore
Ingored : %notunderscored
'''
d = {'with_underscore' : 'replaced',
'notunderscored' : 'not replaced'}
class MyTemplate(string.Template):
delimiter = '%'
idpattern = '[a-z]+_[a-z]+'
t = MyTemplate(template_text)
print('Modified ID pattern: ')
print(t.safe_substitute(d))
輸出:
Modified ID pattern: Delimiter : % Replaced : replaced Ingored : %notunderscored
注意: 定界符(delimiter)為"%", 替換模式(idpattern)必須包含下劃線, 所以第2個沒有進行替換.
正則替換
string.Template的pattern是一個正則表達式, 可以通過覆蓋pattern屬性, 定義新的正則表達式.
如: 使用新的定界符"{{", 把{{var}}作為變量語法.
代碼:
import string
t = string.Template('$var')
print(t.pattern.pattern)
class MyTemplate(string.Template):
delimiter = '{{'
pattern = r'''''
\{\{(?:
(?P<escaped>\{\{) | # Escape sequence of two delimiters
(?P<named>[_a-z][_a-z0-9]*)\}\} | # delimiter and a Python identifier
{(?P<braced>[_a-z][_a-z0-9]*)}\}\} | # delimiter and a braced identifier
(?P<invalid>) # Other ill-formed delimiter exprs
)
'''
t2 = MyTemplate('''''
{{{{
{{var}}
''')
print('MATCHES: ', t2.pattern.findall(t2.template))
print('SUBSTITUTED: ', t2.safe_substitute(var='replacement'))
輸出:
\$(?:
(?P<escaped>\$) | # Escape sequence of two delimiters
(?P<named>[_a-z][_a-z0-9]*) | # delimiter and a Python identifier
{(?P<braced>[_a-z][_a-z0-9]*)} | # delimiter and a braced identifier
(?P<invalid>) # Other ill-formed delimiter exprs
)
MATCHES: [('{{', '', '', ''), ('', 'var', '', '')]
SUBSTITUTED:
{{
replacement
字符串模板的安全替換(safe_substitute)
字符串模板(sting.Template), 替換時, 使用substitute(), 未能提供模板所需的全部參數(shù)值時, 會發(fā)生異常.
如果使用safe_substitute(), 即安全替換, 則會替換存在的字典值, 保留未存在的替換符號.
代碼:
import string
values = {'var' : 'foo'}
t = string.Template('''''$var is here but $ missing is not provided! ''')
try:
print 'substitute() : ', t.substitute(values)
except ValueError as err:
print 'Error:', str(err)
print 'safe_substitude() : ', t.safe_substitute(values)
輸出:
substitute() : Error: Invalid placeholder in string: line 1, col 18 safe_substitude() : foo is here but $ missing is not provided!

