set character_set_client=utf8 ;
set character_set_connection=utf8 ;
set character_set_database=utf8 ;
set character_set_results=utf8 ;
set character_set_server=utf8 ;
set character_set_system=utf8 ;

設(shè)置完成之后，輸入

show variables like 'character%';

對照一下結(jié)果是否是這樣

2.然后開始寫模型

class News(models.Model):
  created = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
  title = models.CharField(max_length=100)
  image = models.CharField(max_length=100)
  theme_id =models.IntegerField()
  class Meta:
    ordering = ('created',)
  def __unicode__(self):
    return self.title

class NewsDetail(models.Model):
  news = models.ForeignKey(News)
  created = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
  content = models.CharField(max_length=1000)
  image = models.CharField(max_length=99)
  class Meta:
    ordering = ('created',)
  def __unicode__(self):
    return self.news.title

這里不難理解，這里我分兩層，第一層是概括，第二層是詳細(xì)內(nèi)容，然后以概括的作為外鍵
概括主要包含標(biāo)題，配圖地址和主題
詳細(xì)內(nèi)容包括內(nèi)容和配圖地址

3.將模式序列化

這是rest_framework非常強(qiáng)大的一點(diǎn)
在app里新建一個serializers.py,然后創(chuàng)建繼承自ModelSerializer的類

from rest_framework import serializers
class NewsSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
  class Meta:
    model = News
    fields = ('id', 'title', 'image', 'theme_id')

class NewsDetailSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
  class Meta:
    model = NewsDetail
    fields = ('id', 'image', 'content')

model為模型，fields為你想要查詢顯示的字段

4.然后再寫視圖函數(shù)

rest_framework.renderers中的JSONRenderer可以將對象渲染為json形式的字符串

from rest_framework.renderers import JSONRenderer
class JSONResponse(HttpResponse):
  """
  用于返回JSON數(shù)據(jù).
  """

  def __init__(self, data, **kwargs):
    content = JSONRenderer().render(data)
    kwargs['content_type'] = 'application/json'
    content='{"news":'+content+'}'
    super(JSONResponse, self).__init__(content, **kwargs)

我們在字符串外面在包一個news，這樣獲取比較方便

如何像知乎日報的那樣獲取最新的幾個news呢

@csrf_exempt
def latest_news(request):
  """
  展示最新的10個news.
  """
  if request.method == 'GET':
    news = News.objects.all()[:10]
    serializer = NewsSerializer(news, many=True)
    return JSONResponse(serializer.data)

因?yàn)榉祷氐氖且粋€集合所以NewsSerializer的many參數(shù)要設(shè)為True

返回某個主題的前幾個news

@csrf_exempt
def theme_news(request,theme_id):
  """
  展示某個主題的前10個news.
  """
  if request.method == 'GET':
    news=News.objects.filter(theme_id=theme_id)[:10]
    serializer = NewsSerializer(news, many=True)
    return JSONResponse(serializer.data)

返回某個id的news的詳細(xì)內(nèi)容

@csrf_exempt
def news_detail(request,news_id):
  """
  顯示某個news的內(nèi)容.
  """
  try:
    news = NewsDetail.objects.get(news_id=news_id)
  except Snippet.DoesNotExist:
    return HttpResponse(status=404)

  if request.method == 'GET':
    serializer = NewsDetailSerializer(news)
    # print serializer.data
    return JSONResponse(serializer.data)

這里獲取的是單個對象所以不用加many參數(shù)

5.配置url

urlpatterns = [
  ...
  url(r'^api/4/news/latest$', latest_news),
  url(r'^api/4/news/theme/(?P<theme_id>[0-9]+)/$', theme_news),
  url(r'^api/4/news/(?P<news_id>[0-9]+)/$', news_detail),
]

括號包住的是要傳入的參數(shù)，逗號后面的是匹配url成功后要執(zhí)行的視圖函數(shù)
括號里面有一些正則表達(dá)式，自己可以去百度搜一下怎么寫

最后就可以把項(xiàng)目跑起來

效果如下

最新消息
主題消息
消息詳細(xì)內(nèi)容