欧美bbbwbbbw肥妇,免费乱码人妻系列日韩,一级黄片

Python中操作mysql的pymysql模塊詳解

 更新時(shí)間:2016年09月13日 09:04:02   作者:蒼松  
這篇文章給大家演示了如何安裝以及使用Python中操作mysql的pymysql模塊,本文介紹的很詳細(xì),對大家學(xué)習(xí)Python具有一定參考借鑒價(jià)值,有需要的朋友們一起來看看吧。

前言

pymsql是Python中操作MySQL的模塊,其使用方法和MySQLdb幾乎相同。但目前pymysql支持python3.x而后者不支持3.x版本。

本文測試python版本:2.7.11。mysql版本:5.6.24

一、安裝

pip3 install pymysql

二、使用操作

1、執(zhí)行SQL

#!/usr/bin/env pytho
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import pymysql
 
# 創(chuàng)建連接
conn = pymysql.connect(host='127.0.0.1', port=3306, user='root', passwd='', db='tkq1', charset='utf8')
# 創(chuàng)建游標(biāo)
cursor = conn.cursor()
 
# 執(zhí)行SQL,并返回收影響行數(shù)
effect_row = cursor.execute("select * from tb7")
 
# 執(zhí)行SQL,并返回受影響行數(shù)
#effect_row = cursor.execute("update tb7 set pass = '123' where nid = %s", (11,))
 
# 執(zhí)行SQL,并返回受影響行數(shù),執(zhí)行多次
#effect_row = cursor.executemany("insert into tb7(user,pass,licnese)values(%s,%s,%s)", [("u1","u1pass","11111"),("u2","u2pass","22222")])
 
 
# 提交,不然無法保存新建或者修改的數(shù)據(jù)
conn.commit()
 
# 關(guān)閉游標(biāo)
cursor.close()
# 關(guān)閉連接
conn.close()

注意:存在中文的時(shí)候,連接需要添加charset='utf8',否則中文顯示亂碼。

2、獲取查詢數(shù)據(jù)

#! /usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
# __author__ = "TKQ"
import pymysql

conn = pymysql.connect(host='127.0.0.1', port=3306, user='root', passwd='', db='tkq1')
cursor = conn.cursor()
cursor.execute("select * from tb7")

# 獲取剩余結(jié)果的第一行數(shù)據(jù)
row_1 = cursor.fetchone()
print row_1
# 獲取剩余結(jié)果前n行數(shù)據(jù)
# row_2 = cursor.fetchmany(3)

# 獲取剩余結(jié)果所有數(shù)據(jù)
# row_3 = cursor.fetchall()

conn.commit()
cursor.close()
conn.close()

3、獲取新創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)自增ID

可以獲取到最新自增的ID,也就是最后插入的一條數(shù)據(jù)ID

#! /usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
# __author__ = "TKQ"
import pymysql

conn = pymysql.connect(host='127.0.0.1', port=3306, user='root', passwd='', db='tkq1')
cursor = conn.cursor()
effect_row = cursor.executemany("insert into tb7(user,pass,licnese)values(%s,%s,%s)", [("u3","u3pass","11113"),("u4","u4pass","22224")])
conn.commit()
cursor.close()
conn.close()
#獲取自增id
new_id = cursor.lastrowid      
print new_id

4、移動(dòng)游標(biāo)

操作都是靠游標(biāo),那對游標(biāo)的控制也是必須的

注:在fetch數(shù)據(jù)時(shí)按照順序進(jìn)行,可以使用cursor.scroll(num,mode)來移動(dòng)游標(biāo)位置,如:

cursor.scroll(1,mode='relative') # 相對當(dāng)前位置移動(dòng)
cursor.scroll(2,mode='absolute') # 相對絕對位置移動(dòng)

 

5、fetch數(shù)據(jù)類型

關(guān)于默認(rèn)獲取的數(shù)據(jù)是元祖類型,如果想要或者字典類型的數(shù)據(jù),即:

#! /usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
# __author__ = "TKQ"
import pymysql

conn = pymysql.connect(host='127.0.0.1', port=3306, user='root', passwd='', db='tkq1')
#游標(biāo)設(shè)置為字典類型
cursor = conn.cursor(cursor=pymysql.cursors.DictCursor)
cursor.execute("select * from tb7")

row_1 = cursor.fetchone()
print row_1  #{u'licnese': 213, u'user': '123', u'nid': 10, u'pass': '213'}

conn.commit()
cursor.close()
conn.close()

6、調(diào)用存儲(chǔ)過程

a、調(diào)用無參存儲(chǔ)過程

#! /usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
# __author__ = "TKQ"

import pymysql

conn = pymysql.connect(host='127.0.0.1', port=3306, user='root', passwd='', db='tkq1')
#游標(biāo)設(shè)置為字典類型
cursor = conn.cursor(cursor=pymysql.cursors.DictCursor)
#無參數(shù)存儲(chǔ)過程
cursor.callproc('p2')  #等價(jià)于cursor.execute("call p2()")

row_1 = cursor.fetchone()
print row_1


conn.commit()
cursor.close()
conn.close()

b、調(diào)用有參存儲(chǔ)過程

#! /usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
# __author__ = "TKQ"

import pymysql

conn = pymysql.connect(host='127.0.0.1', port=3306, user='root', passwd='', db='tkq1')
cursor = conn.cursor(cursor=pymysql.cursors.DictCursor)

cursor.callproc('p1', args=(1, 22, 3, 4))
#獲取執(zhí)行完存儲(chǔ)的參數(shù),參數(shù)@開頭
cursor.execute("select @p1,@_p1_1,@_p1_2,@_p1_3")  #{u'@_p1_1': 22, u'@p1': None, u'@_p1_2': 103, u'@_p1_3': 24}
row_1 = cursor.fetchone()
print row_1


conn.commit()
cursor.close()
conn.close()

三、關(guān)于pymysql防注入

 1、字符串拼接查詢,造成注入

正常查詢語句:

#! /usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
# __author__ = "TKQ"
import pymysql

conn = pymysql.connect(host='127.0.0.1', port=3306, user='root', passwd='', db='tkq1')
cursor = conn.cursor()
user="u1"
passwd="u1pass"
#正常構(gòu)造語句的情況
sql="select user,pass from tb7 where user='%s' and pass='%s'" % (user,passwd)
#sql=select user,pass from tb7 where user='u1' and pass='u1pass'
row_count=cursor.execute(sql) row_1 = cursor.fetchone()
print row_count,row_1

conn.commit()
cursor.close()
conn.close()

構(gòu)造注入語句:

#! /usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
# __author__ = "TKQ"
import pymysql

conn = pymysql.connect(host='127.0.0.1', port=3306, user='root', passwd='', db='tkq1')
cursor = conn.cursor()

user="u1' or '1'-- "
passwd="u1pass"
sql="select user,pass from tb7 where user='%s' and pass='%s'" % (user,passwd)

#拼接語句被構(gòu)造成下面這樣,永真條件,此時(shí)就注入成功了。因此要避免這種情況需使用pymysql提供的參數(shù)化查詢。
#select user,pass from tb7 where user='u1' or '1'-- ' and pass='u1pass'

row_count=cursor.execute(sql)
row_1 = cursor.fetchone()
print row_count,row_1


conn.commit()
cursor.close()
conn.close()

 

 2、避免注入,使用pymysql提供的參數(shù)化語句

正常參數(shù)化查詢

#! /usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
# __author__ = "TKQ"

import pymysql

conn = pymysql.connect(host='127.0.0.1', port=3306, user='root', passwd='', db='tkq1')
cursor = conn.cursor()
user="u1"
passwd="u1pass"
#執(zhí)行參數(shù)化查詢
row_count=cursor.execute("select user,pass from tb7 where user=%s and pass=%s",(user,passwd))
row_1 = cursor.fetchone()
print row_count,row_1

conn.commit()
cursor.close()
conn.close()

構(gòu)造注入,參數(shù)化查詢注入失敗。

#! /usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
# __author__ = "TKQ"
import pymysql

conn = pymysql.connect(host='127.0.0.1', port=3306, user='root', passwd='', db='tkq1')
cursor = conn.cursor()

user="u1' or '1'-- "
passwd="u1pass"
#執(zhí)行參數(shù)化查詢
row_count=cursor.execute("select user,pass from tb7 where user=%s and pass=%s",(user,passwd))
#內(nèi)部執(zhí)行參數(shù)化生成的SQL語句,對特殊字符進(jìn)行了加\轉(zhuǎn)義,避免注入語句生成。
# sql=cursor.mogrify("select user,pass from tb7 where user=%s and pass=%s",(user,passwd))
# print sql
#select user,pass from tb7 where user='u1\' or \'1\'-- ' and pass='u1pass'被轉(zhuǎn)義的語句。

row_1 = cursor.fetchone()
print row_count,row_1

conn.commit()
cursor.close()
conn.close()

結(jié)論:excute執(zhí)行SQL語句的時(shí)候,必須使用參數(shù)化的方式,否則必然產(chǎn)生SQL注入漏洞。

3、使用存mysql儲(chǔ)過程動(dòng)態(tài)執(zhí)行SQL防注入

使用MYSQL存儲(chǔ)過程自動(dòng)提供防注入,動(dòng)態(tài)傳入SQL到存儲(chǔ)過程執(zhí)行語句。

delimiter \\
DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS proc_sql \\
CREATE PROCEDURE proc_sql (
  in nid1 INT,
  in nid2 INT,
  in callsql VARCHAR(255)
  )
BEGIN
  set @nid1 = nid1;
  set @nid2 = nid2;
  set @callsql = callsql;
    PREPARE myprod FROM @callsql;
--   PREPARE prod FROM 'select * from tb2 where nid>? and nid<?';  傳入的值為字符串,?為占位符
--   用@p1,和@p2填充占位符
    EXECUTE myprod USING @nid1,@nid2;
  DEALLOCATE prepare myprod;

END\\
delimiter ;
set @nid1=12;
set @nid2=15;
set @callsql = 'select * from tb7 where nid>? and nid<?';
CALL proc_sql(@nid1,@nid2,@callsql)

pymsql中調(diào)用

#! /usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
# __author__ = "TKQ"
import pymysql

conn = pymysql.connect(host='127.0.0.1', port=3306, user='root', passwd='', db='tkq1')
cursor = conn.cursor()
mysql="select * from tb7 where nid>? and nid<?"
cursor.callproc('proc_sql', args=(11, 15, mysql))

rows = cursor.fetchall()
print rows #((12, 'u1', 'u1pass', 11111), (13, 'u2', 'u2pass', 22222), (14, 'u3', 'u3pass', 11113))
conn.commit()
cursor.close()
conn.close()

四、使用with簡化連接過程

每次都連接關(guān)閉很麻煩,使用上下文管理,簡化連接過程

#! /usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
# __author__ = "TKQ"

import pymysql
import contextlib
#定義上下文管理器,連接后自動(dòng)關(guān)閉連接
@contextlib.contextmanager
def mysql(host='127.0.0.1', port=3306, user='root', passwd='', db='tkq1',charset='utf8'):
  conn = pymysql.connect(host=host, port=port, user=user, passwd=passwd, db=db, charset=charset)
  cursor = conn.cursor(cursor=pymysql.cursors.DictCursor)
  try:
    yield cursor
  finally:
    conn.commit()
    cursor.close()
    conn.close()

# 執(zhí)行sql
with mysql() as cursor:
  print(cursor)
  row_count = cursor.execute("select * from tb7")
  row_1 = cursor.fetchone()
  print row_count, row_1

總結(jié)

以上就是關(guān)于Python中pymysql模塊的全部內(nèi)容,希望對大家學(xué)習(xí)或使用python能有一定的幫助,如果有疑問大家可以留言交流。

相關(guān)文章

最新評論