golang套接字的實現

更新時間：2024年10月30日 09:41:17 作者：get200

Go語言中通過標準庫net實現套接字編程,涵蓋了TCP和UDP兩種網絡類型,通過這些基本概念和實際代碼示例,可以幫助理解和掌握Go語言中的套接字編程

1. 基本概念

網絡類型：
- TCP：流套接字，提供可靠的、面向連接的通信。
- UDP：數據報套接字，無連接，適用于快速傳輸。

2. TCP 套接字示例

服務器端代碼

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "net"
)

func main() {
    // 創(chuàng)建 TCP 套接字
    listener, err := net.Listen("tcp", ":12345")
    if err != nil {
        fmt.Println("Error starting server:", err)
        return
    }
    defer listener.Close()

    fmt.Println("Waiting for a connection...")
    for {
        // 接受連接
        conn, err := listener.Accept()
        if err != nil {
            fmt.Println("Error accepting connection:", err)
            continue
        }
        fmt.Println("Connection established from", conn.RemoteAddr())

        // 處理連接
        go handleConnection(conn)
    }
}

func handleConnection(conn net.Conn) {
    defer conn.Close()
    message := "Hello, Client!"
    conn.Write([]byte(message))
    fmt.Println("Message sent to client:", message)
}

客戶端代碼

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "net"
)

func main() {
    // 連接到服務器
    conn, err := net.Dial("tcp", "localhost:12345")
    if err != nil {
        fmt.Println("Error connecting to server:", err)
        return
    }
    defer conn.Close()

    // 接收數據
    buffer := make([]byte, 1024)
    n, err := conn.Read(buffer)
    if err != nil {
        fmt.Println("Error reading from server:", err)
        return
    }

    fmt.Println("Received message from server:", string(buffer[:n]))
}

3. UDP 套接字示例

服務器端代碼

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "net"
)

func main() {
    // 創(chuàng)建 UDP 套接字
    address, err := net.ResolveUDPAddr("udp", ":12345")
    if err != nil {
        fmt.Println("Error resolving address:", err)
        return
    }

    conn, err := net.ListenUDP("udp", address)
    if err != nil {
        fmt.Println("Error listening:", err)
        return
    }
    defer conn.Close()

    fmt.Println("Waiting for a connection...")
    for {
        buffer := make([]byte, 1024)
        n, addr, err := conn.ReadFromUDP(buffer)
        if err != nil {
            fmt.Println("Error reading from UDP:", err)
            continue
        }
        fmt.Println("Received message from", addr, ":", string(buffer[:n]))

        // 發(fā)送響應
        response := []byte("Hello, UDP Client!")
        conn.WriteToUDP(response, addr)
    }
}

客戶端代碼

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "net"
)

func main() {
    // 發(fā)送 UDP 數據包
    address, err := net.ResolveUDPAddr("udp", "localhost:12345")
    if err != nil {
        fmt.Println("Error resolving address:", err)
        return
    }

    conn, err := net.DialUDP("udp", nil, address)
    if err != nil {
        fmt.Println("Error connecting:", err)
        return
    }
    defer conn.Close()

    message := []byte("Hello, Server!")
    conn.Write(message)

    // 接收響應
    buffer := make([]byte, 1024)
    n, _, err := conn.ReadFromUDP(buffer)
    if err != nil {
        fmt.Println("Error reading from server:", err)
        return
    }

    fmt.Println("Received message from server:", string(buffer[:n]))
}