Java實(shí)現(xiàn)Http請(qǐng)求的常用方法詳解
背景
在實(shí)際開(kāi)發(fā)過(guò)程中,我們經(jīng)常需要調(diào)用對(duì)方提供的接口或測(cè)試自己寫(xiě)的接口是否合適。很多項(xiàng)目都會(huì)封裝規(guī)定好本身項(xiàng)目的接口規(guī)范,所以大多數(shù)需要去調(diào)用對(duì)方提供的接口或第三方接口(短信、天氣等)。若是普通java工程推薦使用OkHttpClient,若是spring工程推薦使用RestTemplate。,若是springcloud微服務(wù)可以用openFeign或Dubbo
在Java項(xiàng)目中調(diào)用第三方接口的方式有:
1、通過(guò)JDK網(wǎng)絡(luò)類Java.net.HttpURLConnection;
2、通過(guò)common封裝好的HttpClient;
3、通過(guò)Apache封裝好的CloseableHttpClient;
4、通過(guò)SpringBoot-RestTemplate;
5、通過(guò)Feign服務(wù)調(diào)用
一、Java調(diào)用第三方http接口幾種方式總結(jié)
1. 通過(guò)JDK網(wǎng)絡(luò)類Java.net.HttpURLConnection
比較原始的一種調(diào)用做法,這里把get請(qǐng)求和post請(qǐng)求都統(tǒng)一放在一個(gè)方法里面。
實(shí)現(xiàn)過(guò)程:
GET:
- 1、創(chuàng)建遠(yuǎn)程連接
- 2、設(shè)置連接方式(get、post、put。。。)
- 3、設(shè)置連接超時(shí)時(shí)間
- 4、設(shè)置響應(yīng)讀取時(shí)間
- 5、發(fā)起請(qǐng)求
- 6、獲取請(qǐng)求數(shù)據(jù)
- 7、關(guān)閉連接
POST:
- 1、創(chuàng)建遠(yuǎn)程連接
- 2、設(shè)置連接方式(get、post、put。。。)
- 3、設(shè)置連接超時(shí)時(shí)間
- 4、設(shè)置響應(yīng)讀取時(shí)間
- 5、當(dāng)向遠(yuǎn)程服務(wù)器傳送數(shù)據(jù)/寫(xiě)數(shù)據(jù)時(shí),需要設(shè)置為true(setDoOutput)
- 6、當(dāng)前向遠(yuǎn)程服務(wù)讀取數(shù)據(jù)時(shí),設(shè)置為true,該參數(shù)可有可無(wú)(setDoInput)
- 7、設(shè)置傳入?yún)?shù)的格式:(setRequestProperty)
- 8、設(shè)置鑒權(quán)信息:Authorization:(setRequestProperty)
- 9、設(shè)置參數(shù)
- 10、發(fā)起請(qǐng)求
- 11、獲取請(qǐng)求數(shù)據(jù)
- 12、關(guān)閉連接
直接上代碼:
import org.springframework.lang.Nullable; import java.io.*; import java.net.HttpURLConnection; import java.net.MalformedURLException; import java.net.URL; import java.net.URLConnection; public class HttpURLConnectionUtil { /** * Http get請(qǐng)求 * @param httpUrl 連接 * @return 響應(yīng)數(shù)據(jù) */ public static String doGet(String httpUrl){ //鏈接 HttpURLConnection connection = null; InputStream is = null; BufferedReader br = null; StringBuffer result = new StringBuffer(); try { //創(chuàng)建連接 URL url = new URL(httpUrl); connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection(); //設(shè)置請(qǐng)求方式 connection.setRequestMethod("GET"); //設(shè)置連接超時(shí)時(shí)間 connection.setReadTimeout(15000); //開(kāi)始連接 connection.connect(); //獲取響應(yīng)數(shù)據(jù) if (connection.getResponseCode() == 200) { //獲取返回的數(shù)據(jù) is = connection.getInputStream(); if (null != is) { br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is, "UTF-8")); String temp = null; while (null != (temp = br.readLine())) { result.append(temp); } } } } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { if (null != br) { try { br.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } if (null != is) { try { is.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } //關(guān)閉遠(yuǎn)程連接 connection.disconnect(); } return result.toString(); } /** * Http post請(qǐng)求 * @param httpUrl 連接 * @param param 參數(shù) * @return */ public static String doPost(String httpUrl, @Nullable String param) { StringBuffer result = new StringBuffer(); //連接 HttpURLConnection connection = null; OutputStream os = null; InputStream is = null; BufferedReader br = null; try { //創(chuàng)建連接對(duì)象 URL url = new URL(httpUrl); //創(chuàng)建連接 connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection(); //設(shè)置請(qǐng)求方法 connection.setRequestMethod("POST"); //設(shè)置連接超時(shí)時(shí)間 connection.setConnectTimeout(15000); //設(shè)置讀取超時(shí)時(shí)間 connection.setReadTimeout(15000); //DoOutput設(shè)置是否向httpUrlConnection輸出,DoInput設(shè)置是否從httpUrlConnection讀入,此外發(fā)送post請(qǐng)求必須設(shè)置這兩個(gè) //設(shè)置是否可讀取 connection.setDoOutput(true); connection.setDoInput(true); //設(shè)置通用的請(qǐng)求屬性 connection.setRequestProperty("accept", "*/*"); connection.setRequestProperty("connection", "Keep-Alive"); connection.setRequestProperty("user-agent", "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; SV1)"); connection.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/json;charset=utf-8"); //拼裝參數(shù) if (null != param && param.equals("")) { //設(shè)置參數(shù) os = connection.getOutputStream(); //拼裝參數(shù) os.write(param.getBytes("UTF-8")); } //設(shè)置權(quán)限 //設(shè)置請(qǐng)求頭等 //開(kāi)啟連接 //connection.connect(); //讀取響應(yīng) if (connection.getResponseCode() == 200) { is = connection.getInputStream(); if (null != is) { br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is, "GBK")); String temp = null; while (null != (temp = br.readLine())) { result.append(temp); result.append("\r\n"); } } } } catch (MalformedURLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { //關(guān)閉連接 if(br!=null){ try { br.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } if(os!=null){ try { os.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } if(is!=null){ try { is.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } //關(guān)閉連接 connection.disconnect(); } return result.toString(); } public static void main(String[] args) { String message = doPost("https://tcc.taobao.com/cc/json/mobile_tel_segment.htm?tel=13026194071", ""); System.out.println(message); } }
運(yùn)行結(jié)果:
2. 通過(guò)apache common封裝好的HttpClient
httpClient的get或post請(qǐng)求方式步驟:
1.生成一個(gè)HttpClient對(duì)象并設(shè)置相應(yīng)的參數(shù);
2.生成一個(gè)GetMethod對(duì)象或PostMethod并設(shè)置響應(yīng)的參數(shù);
3.用HttpClient生成的對(duì)象來(lái)執(zhí)行GetMethod生成的Get方法;
4.處理響應(yīng)狀態(tài)碼;
5.若響應(yīng)正常,處理HTTP響應(yīng)內(nèi)容;
6.釋放連接。
<!--HttpClient--> <dependency> <groupId>commons-httpclient</groupId> <artifactId>commons-httpclient</artifactId> <version>3.1</version> </dependency> <!--fastjson--> <dependency> <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId> <artifactId>fastjson</artifactId> <version>1.2.32</version> </dependency>
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject; import org.apache.commons.httpclient.*; import org.apache.commons.httpclient.methods.GetMethod; import org.apache.commons.httpclient.methods.PostMethod; import org.apache.commons.httpclient.params.HttpMethodParams; import java.io.IOException; /** * @Author allen * @Description TODO * @Date 2023-10-18 18:25 * @Version 1.0 */ public class HttpClientUtil { /** * httpClient的get請(qǐng)求方式 * 使用GetMethod來(lái)訪問(wèn)一個(gè)URL對(duì)應(yīng)的網(wǎng)頁(yè)實(shí)現(xiàn)步驟: * 1.生成一個(gè)HttpClient對(duì)象并設(shè)置相應(yīng)的參數(shù); * 2.生成一個(gè)GetMethod對(duì)象并設(shè)置響應(yīng)的參數(shù); * 3.用HttpClient生成的對(duì)象來(lái)執(zhí)行GetMethod生成的Get方法; * 4.處理響應(yīng)狀態(tài)碼; * 5.若響應(yīng)正常,處理HTTP響應(yīng)內(nèi)容; * 6.釋放連接。 * * @param url * @param charset * @return */ public static String doGet(String url, String charset) { //1.生成HttpClient對(duì)象并設(shè)置參數(shù) HttpClient httpClient = new HttpClient(); //設(shè)置Http連接超時(shí)為5秒 httpClient.getHttpConnectionManager().getParams().setConnectionTimeout(5000); //2.生成GetMethod對(duì)象并設(shè)置參數(shù) GetMethod getMethod = new GetMethod(url); //設(shè)置get請(qǐng)求超時(shí)為5秒 getMethod.getParams().setParameter(HttpMethodParams.SO_TIMEOUT, 5000); //設(shè)置請(qǐng)求重試處理,用的是默認(rèn)的重試處理:請(qǐng)求三次 getMethod.getParams().setParameter(HttpMethodParams.RETRY_HANDLER, new DefaultHttpMethodRetryHandler()); String response = ""; //3.執(zhí)行HTTP GET 請(qǐng)求 try { int statusCode = httpClient.executeMethod(getMethod); //4.判斷訪問(wèn)的狀態(tài)碼 if (statusCode != HttpStatus.SC_OK) { System.err.println("請(qǐng)求出錯(cuò):" + getMethod.getStatusLine()); } //5.處理HTTP響應(yīng)內(nèi)容 //HTTP響應(yīng)頭部信息,這里簡(jiǎn)單打印 Header[] headers = getMethod.getResponseHeaders(); for (Header h : headers) { System.out.println(h.getName() + "---------------" + h.getValue()); } //讀取HTTP響應(yīng)內(nèi)容,這里簡(jiǎn)單打印網(wǎng)頁(yè)內(nèi)容 //讀取為字節(jié)數(shù)組 byte[] responseBody = getMethod.getResponseBody(); response = new String(responseBody, charset); System.out.println("-----------response:" + response); //讀取為InputStream,在網(wǎng)頁(yè)內(nèi)容數(shù)據(jù)量大時(shí)候推薦使用 //InputStream response = getMethod.getResponseBodyAsStream(); } catch (HttpException e) { //發(fā)生致命的異常,可能是協(xié)議不對(duì)或者返回的內(nèi)容有問(wèn)題 System.out.println("請(qǐng)檢查輸入的URL!"); e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IOException e) { //發(fā)生網(wǎng)絡(luò)異常 System.out.println("發(fā)生網(wǎng)絡(luò)異常!"); } finally { //6.釋放連接 getMethod.releaseConnection(); } return response; } /** * post請(qǐng)求 * * @param url * @param json * @return */ public static String doPost(String url, JSONObject json) { HttpClient httpClient = new HttpClient(); PostMethod postMethod = new PostMethod(url); postMethod.addRequestHeader("accept", "*/*"); postMethod.addRequestHeader("connection", "Keep-Alive"); //設(shè)置json格式傳送 postMethod.addRequestHeader("Content-Type", "application/json;charset=GBK"); //必須設(shè)置下面這個(gè)Header postMethod.addRequestHeader("User-Agent", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/58.0.3029.81 Safari/537.36"); //添加請(qǐng)求參數(shù) postMethod.addParameter("commentId", json.getString("commentId")); String res = ""; try { int code = httpClient.executeMethod(postMethod); if (code == 200) { res = postMethod.getResponseBodyAsString(); System.out.println(res); } } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return res; } public static void main(String[] args) { System.out.println(doGet("http://tcc.taobao.com/cc/json/mobile_tel_segment.htm?tel=13026194071", "GBK")); System.out.println("-----------分割線------------"); System.out.println("-----------分割線------------"); System.out.println("-----------分割線------------"); JSONObject jsonObject = new JSONObject(); jsonObject.put("commentId", "13026194071"); System.out.println(doPost("http://tcc.taobao.com/cc/json/mobile_tel_segment.htm?tel=13026194071", jsonObject)); } }
3. 通過(guò)Apache封裝好的CloseableHttpClient
CloseableHttpClient是在HttpClient的基礎(chǔ)上修改更新而來(lái)的,這里還涉及到請(qǐng)求頭token的設(shè)置(請(qǐng)求驗(yàn)證),利用fastjson轉(zhuǎn)換請(qǐng)求或返回結(jié)果字符串為json格式,當(dāng)然上面兩種方式也是可以設(shè)置請(qǐng)求頭token、json的,這里只在下面說(shuō)明。
導(dǎo)入如下jar包:
<!--CloseableHttpClient--> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId> <artifactId>httpclient</artifactId> <version>4.5.2</version> </dependency> <!--fastjson--> <dependency> <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId> <artifactId>fastjson</artifactId> <version>1.2.32</version> </dependency>
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject; import org.apache.http.HttpResponse; import org.apache.http.HttpStatus; import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse; import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet; import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost; import org.apache.http.entity.StringEntity; import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient; import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClientBuilder; import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils; import java.io.IOException; /** * @Author allen * @Description TODO * @Date 2023-10-18 18:31 * @Version 1.0 */ public class CloseableHttpClientUtil { private static String tokenString = ""; private static String AUTH_TOKEN_EXPIRED = "AUTH_TOKEN_EXPIRED"; private static CloseableHttpClient httpClient = null; /** * 以get方式調(diào)用第三方接口 * @param url * @param token * @return */ public static String doGet(String url, String token) { //創(chuàng)建HttpClient對(duì)象 CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClientBuilder.create().build(); HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(url); if (null != tokenString && !tokenString.equals("")) { tokenString = getToken(); } //api_gateway_auth_token自定義header頭,用于token驗(yàn)證使用 httpGet.addHeader("api_gateway_auth_token",tokenString); httpGet.addHeader("User-Agent", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/58.0.3029.81 Safari/537.36"); try { HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpGet); if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == HttpStatus.SC_OK) { //返回json格式 String res = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity()); return res; } } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return null; } /** * 以post方式調(diào)用第三方接口 * @param url * @param json * @return */ public static String doPost(String url, JSONObject json) { if (null == httpClient) { httpClient = HttpClientBuilder.create().build(); } HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url); if (null != tokenString && tokenString.equals("")) { tokenString = getToken(); } //api_gateway_auth_token自定義header頭,用于token驗(yàn)證使用 httpPost.addHeader("api_gateway_auth_token", tokenString); httpPost.addHeader("User-Agent", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/58.0.3029.81 Safari/537.36"); try { StringEntity se = new StringEntity(json.toString()); se.setContentEncoding("UTF-8"); //發(fā)送json數(shù)據(jù)需要設(shè)置contentType se.setContentType("application/x-www-form-urlencoded"); //設(shè)置請(qǐng)求參數(shù) httpPost.setEntity(se); HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpPost); if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == HttpStatus.SC_OK) { //返回json格式 String res = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity()); return res; } } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { if (httpClient != null){ try { httpClient.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } return null; } /** * 獲取第三方接口的token */ public static String getToken() { String token = ""; JSONObject object = new JSONObject(); object.put("appid", "appid"); object.put("secretkey", "secretkey"); if (null == httpClient) { httpClient = HttpClientBuilder.create().build(); } HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost("http://localhost/login"); httpPost.addHeader("User-Agent", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/58.0.3029.81 Safari/537.36"); try { StringEntity se = new StringEntity(object.toString()); se.setContentEncoding("UTF-8"); //發(fā)送json數(shù)據(jù)需要設(shè)置contentType se.setContentType("application/x-www-form-urlencoded"); //設(shè)置請(qǐng)求參數(shù) httpPost.setEntity(se); HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpPost); //這里可以把返回的結(jié)果按照自定義的返回?cái)?shù)據(jù)結(jié)果,把string轉(zhuǎn)換成自定義類 //ResultTokenBO result = JSONObject.parseObject(response, ResultTokenBO.class); //把response轉(zhuǎn)為jsonObject JSONObject result = (JSONObject) JSONObject.parseObject(String.valueOf(response)); if (result.containsKey("token")) { token = result.getString("token"); } } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return token; } /** * 測(cè)試 */ public static void test(String telephone) { JSONObject object = new JSONObject(); object.put("telephone", telephone); //首先獲取token tokenString = getToken(); String response = doPost("http://localhost/searchUrl", object); //如果返回的結(jié)果是list形式的,需要使用JSONObject.parseArray轉(zhuǎn)換 //List<Result> list = JSONObject.parseArray(response, Result.class); System.out.println(response); } public static void main(String[] args) { test("12345678910"); } }
4. 通過(guò)SpringBoot-RestTemplate
springBoot-RestTemple是上面三種方式的集大成者,代碼編寫(xiě)更加簡(jiǎn)單,目前可以采用的調(diào)用第三方接口有:
- delete() 在特定的URL上對(duì)資源執(zhí)行HTTP DELETE操作
- exchange() 在URL上執(zhí)行特定的HTTP方法,返回包含對(duì)象的ResponseEntity,這個(gè)對(duì)象是從響應(yīng)體中映射得到的
- execute() 在URL上執(zhí)行特定的HTTP方法,返回一個(gè)從響應(yīng)體映射得到的對(duì)象
- getForEntity() 發(fā)送一個(gè)HTTP GET請(qǐng)求,返回的ResponseEntity包含了響應(yīng)體所映射成的對(duì)象
- getForObject() 發(fā)送一個(gè)HTTP GET請(qǐng)求,返回的請(qǐng)求體將映射為一個(gè)對(duì)象
- postForEntity() POST 數(shù)據(jù)到一個(gè)URL,返回包含一個(gè)對(duì)象的ResponseEntity,這個(gè)對(duì)象是從響應(yīng)體中映射得到的
- postForObject() POST 數(shù)據(jù)到一個(gè)URL,返回根據(jù)響應(yīng)體匹配形成的對(duì)象
- headForHeaders() 發(fā)送HTTP HEAD請(qǐng)求,返回包含特定資源URL的HTTP頭
- optionsForAllow() 發(fā)送HTTP OPTIONS請(qǐng)求,返回對(duì)特定URL的Allow頭信息
- postForLocation() POST 數(shù)據(jù)到一個(gè)URL,返回新創(chuàng)建資源的URL
- put() PUT 資源到特定的URL
首先導(dǎo)入springboot的web包
<parent> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId> <version>2.0.4.RELEASE</version> </parent> <dependencies> <!--CloseableHttpClient--> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId> <artifactId>httpclient</artifactId> <version>4.5.2</version> </dependency> <!--spring restTemplate--> <!-- @ConfigurationProperties annotation processing (metadata for IDEs) 生成spring-configuration-metadata.json類,需要引入此類--> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-configuration-processor</artifactId> <optional>true</optional> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-aop</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> <exclusions> <exclusion> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId> </exclusion> </exclusions> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jetty</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> </dependencies>
在啟動(dòng)類同包下創(chuàng)建RestTemplateConfig.java類
import java.io.IOException; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; import org.springframework.http.client.ClientHttpResponse; import org.springframework.http.client.HttpComponentsClientHttpRequestFactory; import org.springframework.web.client.ResponseErrorHandler; import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate; import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper; /** * @Author allen * @Description TODO * @Date 2023-10-18 18:41 * @Version 1.0 */ @Configuration public class RestTemplateConfig { @Autowired private ObjectMapper objectMapper; @Bean public RestTemplate restTemplate() { RestTemplate template = new RestTemplate(); // 設(shè)置 http 超時(shí)時(shí)間 HttpComponentsClientHttpRequestFactory httpRequestFactory = new HttpComponentsClientHttpRequestFactory(); // 獲取鏈接超時(shí)時(shí)間 httpRequestFactory.setConnectionRequestTimeout(6000); // 鏈接超時(shí)時(shí)間 6S httpRequestFactory.setConnectTimeout(6000); // 讀取超時(shí) 6S httpRequestFactory.setReadTimeout(6000); template.setRequestFactory(httpRequestFactory); // template.getInterceptors().add((request,body,execution) -> { // final RequestAttributes requestAttributes=RequestContextHolder.getRequestAttributes(); // if(requestAttributes!=null&&requestAttributes instanceof ServletRequestAttributes){ // final HttpServletRequest servletRequest = ((ServletRequestAttributes) requestAttributes).getRequest(); // request.getHeaders().add("token", servletRequest.getHeader("token")); // request.getHeaders().add("location", servletRequest.getHeader("location")); // request.getHeaders().add("appId", servletRequest.getHeader("appId")); // } // return execution.execute(request, body); // }); template.setErrorHandler(new ResponseErrorHandler() { @Override public boolean hasError(ClientHttpResponse response) throws IOException { System.out.println("RestTemplateConfig------------------hasError"); return response.getRawStatusCode() >= 400; } @Override public void handleError(ClientHttpResponse response) throws IOException { System.out.println("RestTemplateConfig----------handleError--------異常"); String result = objectMapper.readValue(response.getBody(), String.class); throw new RuntimeException(result); } }); // template.getMessageConverters().set(1, new StringHttpMessageConverter(StandardCharsets.UTF_8)); return template; } }
然后在Service類(RestTemplateToInterface )中注入使用
具體代碼如下:
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject; import com.swordfall.model.User; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.http.*; import org.springframework.stereotype.Service; import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate; @Service public class RestTemplateToInterface { @Autowired private RestTemplate restTemplate; /** * 以get方式請(qǐng)求第三方http接口 getForEntity * @param url * @return */ public User doGetWith1(String url){ ResponseEntity<User> responseEntity = restTemplate.getForEntity(url, User.class); User user = responseEntity.getBody(); return user; } /** * 以get方式請(qǐng)求第三方http接口 getForObject * 返回值返回的是響應(yīng)體,省去了我們?cè)偃etBody() * @param url * @return */ public User doGetWith2(String url){ User user = restTemplate.getForObject(url, User.class); return user; } /** * 以post方式請(qǐng)求第三方http接口 postForEntity * @param url * @return */ public String doPostWith1(String url){ User user = new User("小白", 20); ResponseEntity<String> responseEntity = restTemplate.postForEntity(url, user, String.class); String body = responseEntity.getBody(); return body; } /** * 以post方式請(qǐng)求第三方http接口 postForEntity * @param url * @return */ public String doPostWith2(String url){ User user = new User("小白", 20); String body = restTemplate.postForObject(url, user, String.class); return body; } /** * exchange * @return */ public String doExchange(String url, Integer age, String name){ //header參數(shù) HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders(); String token = "asdfaf2322"; headers.add("authorization", token); headers.setContentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON); //放入body中的json參數(shù) JSONObject obj = new JSONObject(); obj.put("age", age); obj.put("name", name); //組裝 HttpEntity<JSONObject> request = new HttpEntity<>(obj, headers); ResponseEntity<String> responseEntity = restTemplate.exchange(url, HttpMethod.POST, request, String.class); String body = responseEntity.getBody(); return body; } }
5 通過(guò)okhttp
應(yīng)大家的響應(yīng),okhttp 現(xiàn)在也是蠻流行的,基于手機(jī)端很火,這里分享一下OkHttpClient客戶端,業(yè)務(wù)代碼get、post請(qǐng)求直接調(diào)用就好哈。
pom文件引入依賴包
<dependency> <groupId>com.squareup.okhttp3</groupId> <artifactId>okhttp</artifactId> <version>3.10.0</version> </dependency>
@Slf4j public class OkHttpClient { private static final MediaType JSON = MediaType.parse("application/json; charset=utf-8"); private volatile static okhttp3.OkHttpClient client; private static final int MAX_IDLE_CONNECTION = Integer .parseInt(ConfigManager.get("httpclient.max_idle_connection")); private static final long KEEP_ALIVE_DURATION = Long .parseLong(ConfigManager.get("httpclient.keep_alive_duration")); private static final long CONNECT_TIMEOUT = Long.parseLong(ConfigManager.get("httpclient.connectTimeout")); private static final long READ_TIMEOUT = Long.parseLong(ConfigManager.get("httpclient. ")); /** * 單例模式(雙重檢查模式) 獲取類實(shí)例 * * @return client */ private static okhttp3.OkHttpClient getInstance() { if (client == null) { synchronized (okhttp3.OkHttpClient.class) { if (client == null) { client = new okhttp3.OkHttpClient.Builder() .connectTimeout(CONNECT_TIMEOUT, TimeUnit.SECONDS) .readTimeout(READ_TIMEOUT, TimeUnit.SECONDS) .connectionPool(new ConnectionPool(MAX_IDLE_CONNECTION, KEEP_ALIVE_DURATION, TimeUnit.MINUTES)) .build(); } } } return client; } public static String syncPost(String url, String json) throws IOException { RequestBody body = RequestBody.create(JSON, json); Request request = new Request.Builder() .url(url) .post(body) .build(); try { Response response = OkHttpClient.getInstance().newCall(request).execute(); if (response.isSuccessful()) { String result = response.body().string(); log.info("syncPost response = {}, responseBody= {}", response, result); return result; } String result = response.body().string(); log.info("syncPost response = {}, responseBody= {}", response, result); throw new IOException("三方接口返回http狀態(tài)碼為" + response.code()); } catch (Exception e) { log.error("syncPost() url:{} have a ecxeption {}", url, e); throw new RuntimeException("syncPost() have a ecxeption {}" + e.getMessage()); } } public static String syncGet(String url, Map<String, Object> headParamsMap) throws IOException { Request request; final Request.Builder builder = new Request.Builder().url(url); try { if (!CollectionUtils.isEmpty(headParamsMap)) { final Iterator<Map.Entry<String, Object>> iterator = headParamsMap.entrySet() .iterator(); while (iterator.hasNext()) { final Map.Entry<String, Object> entry = iterator.next(); builder.addHeader(entry.getKey(), (String) entry.getValue()); } } request = builder.build(); Response response = OkHttpClient.getInstance().newCall(request).execute(); String result = response.body().string(); log.info("syncGet response = {},responseBody= {}", response, result); if (!response.isSuccessful()) { throw new IOException("三方接口返回http狀態(tài)碼為" + response.code()); } return result; } catch (Exception e) { log.error("remote interface url:{} have a ecxeption {}", url, e); throw new RuntimeException("三方接口返回異常"); } } }
參考:java實(shí)現(xiàn)調(diào)用http請(qǐng)求的五種常見(jiàn)方式
6 通過(guò)openFeign
可以參考博主的這篇文章
Feign實(shí)戰(zhàn)-Springboot集成OpenFeign Demo以及參數(shù)詳解
二、方案擴(kuò)展
我用的這個(gè):
HttpUtils如下:
import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils; import org.apache.http.HttpStatus; import org.apache.http.HttpVersion; import org.apache.http.NameValuePair; import org.apache.http.ParseException; import org.apache.http.client.ClientProtocolException; import org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig; import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse; import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpDelete; import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet; import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost; import org.apache.http.client.utils.URIBuilder; import org.apache.http.entity.ContentType; import org.apache.http.entity.StringEntity; import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient; import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients; import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair; import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils; import org.slf4j.Logger; import java.io.BufferedReader; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.InputStreamReader; import java.net.URISyntaxException; import java.net.URL; import java.net.URLConnection; import java.nio.charset.UnsupportedCharsetException; import java.util.LinkedList; import java.util.List; import java.util.Map; /** * Http tool class */ public class HttpUtils { public static String INTERFACE_CALL_ERROR = "接口調(diào)用錯(cuò)誤"; private static Logger logger = LoggerUtil.getLogger(); /** * "post" request to transfer "json" data * * @param url * @param json * @param timeOutMS (Millisecond) * @return */ public static String doPostParmaMap(String url, Map<?, ?> json, Integer timeOutMS) { if (null == json) { return doPost(url, null, timeOutMS); } String formatJson = JsonUtils.toFormatJsonNoException(json); return doPost(url, formatJson, timeOutMS); } /** * "post" request to transfer "json" data * * @param url * @param json * @param timeOutMS (Millisecond) * @return */ public static String doPost(String url, String json, Integer timeOutMS) { String result = ""; // Create an "httpclient" object CloseableHttpClient httpClient = null; // Create a "post" mode request object HttpPost httpPost = null; try { // Create an "httpclient" object httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault(); // Create a "post" mode request object httpPost = new HttpPost(url); logger.debug("afferent json param:" + json); // Set parameters to the request object if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(json)) { StringEntity stringEntity = new StringEntity(json.toString(), ContentType.APPLICATION_JSON); stringEntity.setContentEncoding("utf-8"); httpPost.setEntity(stringEntity); } httpPost.setProtocolVersion(HttpVersion.HTTP_1_1); if (null != timeOutMS) { // Set timeout RequestConfig requestConfig = RequestConfig.custom() .setConnectTimeout(5000).setConnectionRequestTimeout(1000) .setSocketTimeout(timeOutMS).build(); httpPost.setConfig(requestConfig); } logger.info("call '" + url + "' start"); // Perform the request operation and get the result (synchronous blocking) CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpPost); logger.info("call succeeded,return msg:" + response.toString()); // Get result entity // Determine whether the network connection status code is normal (0--200 are normal) switch (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode()) { case HttpStatus.SC_OK: result = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(), "utf-8"); logger.info("call succeeded,return msg:" + result); break; case HttpStatus.SC_CREATED: result = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(), "utf-8"); logger.info("call succeeded,return msg:" + result); break; default: result = INTERFACE_CALL_ERROR + ":" + EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(), "utf-8"); logger.warn("call failed,return msg:" + result); break; } } catch (UnsupportedCharsetException e) { logger.error(INTERFACE_CALL_ERROR, e); result = (INTERFACE_CALL_ERROR + ":UnsupportedCharsetException"); } catch (ClientProtocolException e) { logger.error(INTERFACE_CALL_ERROR, e); result = (INTERFACE_CALL_ERROR + ":ClientProtocolException"); } catch (ParseException e) { logger.error(INTERFACE_CALL_ERROR, e); result = (INTERFACE_CALL_ERROR + ":ParseException"); } catch (IOException e) { logger.error(INTERFACE_CALL_ERROR, e); result = (INTERFACE_CALL_ERROR + ":IOException"); } finally { // Close the connection and release the resource httpPost.releaseConnection(); } return result; } /** * Get request to transfer data * * @param url * @param map Request incoming parameters ("key" is the parameter name, "value" is the parameter value) "map" can be empty * @param timeOutMS (Millisecond) * @return */ public static String doGet(String url, Map<String, String> map, Integer timeOutMS) { String result = ""; if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(url)) { try { // Create an "httpclient" object CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault(); // Create a "get" mode request object HttpGet httpGet = null; // Determine whether to add parameters if (null != map && !map.isEmpty()) { // Since the parameters of the "GET" request are all assembled behind the "URL" address, we have to build a "URL" with parameters. URIBuilder uriBuilder = new URIBuilder(url); List<NameValuePair> list = new LinkedList<>(); for (String key : map.keySet()) { BasicNameValuePair param = new BasicNameValuePair(key, map.get(key)); list.add(param); } uriBuilder.setParameters(list); // Construct a "GET" request object from a "URI" object with parameters httpGet = new HttpGet(uriBuilder.build()); } else { httpGet = new HttpGet(url); } // Add request header information // Browser representation // httpGet.addHeader("User-Agent", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; // en-US; rv:1.7.6)"); // Type of transmission // httpGet.addHeader("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"); // Type of transmission httpGet.addHeader("Content-type", "application/json"); if (null != timeOutMS) { // Set timeout RequestConfig requestConfig = RequestConfig.custom() .setConnectTimeout(5000).setConnectionRequestTimeout(1000) .setSocketTimeout(timeOutMS).build(); httpGet.setConfig(requestConfig); } logger.info("call '" + url + "' start"); // Get the response object by requesting the object CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpGet); //logger.info("call succeeded,return msg:" + response.toString()); logger.info("call succeeded"); // Get result entity // Determine whether the network connection status code is normal (0--200 are normal) switch (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode()) { case HttpStatus.SC_OK: result = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(), "utf-8"); //logger.info("call succeeded,return msg:" + result); logger.info("call succeeded"); break; case HttpStatus.SC_CREATED: result = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(), "utf-8"); logger.info("call succeeded,return msg:" + result); break; default: result = INTERFACE_CALL_ERROR + ":" + EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(), "utf-8"); logger.warn("call failed,return msg:" + result); break; } // Release link response.close(); } catch (ClientProtocolException e) { logger.error(INTERFACE_CALL_ERROR, e); result = (INTERFACE_CALL_ERROR + ":ClientProtocolException"); } catch (ParseException e) { logger.error(INTERFACE_CALL_ERROR, e); result = (INTERFACE_CALL_ERROR + ":ParseException"); } catch (IOException e) { logger.error(INTERFACE_CALL_ERROR, e); result = (INTERFACE_CALL_ERROR + ":IOException"); } catch (URISyntaxException e) { logger.error(INTERFACE_CALL_ERROR, e); result = (INTERFACE_CALL_ERROR + ":URISyntaxException"); } } return result; } public static String getHtml(String urlStr) { // Define links to be accessed String url = urlStr; // Define a string to store web content String result = ""; // Define a buffered character input stream BufferedReader in = null; try { // Convert string to url object URL realUrl = new URL(url); // Initialize a link to the "url" link URLConnection connection = realUrl.openConnection(); // Start the actual connection connection.connect(); // Initialize the "BufferedReader" input stream to read the response of the "URL" in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(connection.getInputStream())); // Used to temporarily store data for each fetched row String line; while ((line = in.readLine()) != null) { // Traverse each row that is fetched and store it in "result" result += line + "\n"; } } catch (Exception e) { logger.error("send get request is abnormal!" + e); e.printStackTrace(); } // Use "finally" to close the input stream finally { try { if (in != null) { in.close(); } } catch (Exception e2) { e2.printStackTrace(); } } logger.debug("html info:" + result); return result; } /** * "post" request to transfer "json" data * * @param url * @param timeOutMS (Millisecond) * @return */ public static String doDelete(String url, Integer timeOutMS) { String result = ""; // Create an "httpclient" object CloseableHttpClient httpClient = null; // Create a "post" mode request object HttpDelete httpDelete = null; try { // Create an "httpclient" object httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault(); // Create a "post" mode request object httpDelete = new HttpDelete(url); httpDelete.setProtocolVersion(HttpVersion.HTTP_1_1); if (null != timeOutMS) { // Set timeout RequestConfig requestConfig = RequestConfig.custom() .setConnectTimeout(5000).setConnectionRequestTimeout(1000) .setSocketTimeout(timeOutMS).build(); httpDelete.setConfig(requestConfig); } logger.info("call '" + url + "' start"); // Perform the request operation and get the result (synchronous blocking) CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpDelete); logger.info("call succeeded,return msg:" + response.toString()); // Get result entity // Determine whether the network connection status code is normal (0--200 are normal) switch (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode()) { case HttpStatus.SC_OK: result = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(), "utf-8"); logger.info("call succeeded,return msg:" + result); break; case HttpStatus.SC_CREATED: result = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(), "utf-8"); logger.info("call succeeded,return msg:" + result); break; default: result = INTERFACE_CALL_ERROR + ":" + EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(), "utf-8"); logger.warn("call failed,return msg:" + result); break; } } catch (UnsupportedCharsetException e) { logger.error(INTERFACE_CALL_ERROR, e); result = (INTERFACE_CALL_ERROR + ":UnsupportedCharsetException"); } catch (ClientProtocolException e) { logger.error(INTERFACE_CALL_ERROR, e); result = (INTERFACE_CALL_ERROR + ":ClientProtocolException"); } catch (ParseException e) { logger.error(INTERFACE_CALL_ERROR, e); result = (INTERFACE_CALL_ERROR + ":ParseException"); } catch (IOException e) { logger.error(INTERFACE_CALL_ERROR, e); result = (INTERFACE_CALL_ERROR + ":IOException"); } finally { // Close the connection and release the resource httpDelete.releaseConnection(); } return result; } }
JsonUtils.java
import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonInclude.Include; import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonGenerationException; import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonGenerator; import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonParseException; import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonProcessingException; import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.type.TypeReference; import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.*; import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils; import org.slf4j.Logger; import java.io.IOException; import java.text.SimpleDateFormat; import java.util.Date; import java.util.TimeZone; /** * Json utils */ @SuppressWarnings("deprecation") public class JsonUtils { private static final ObjectMapper objectMapper; private static Logger logger = LoggerUtil.getLogger(); static { objectMapper = new ObjectMapper(); // Remove the default timestamp format objectMapper.configure(SerializationFeature.WRITE_DATES_AS_TIMESTAMPS, false); // Set to Shanghai time zone in China objectMapper.setTimeZone(TimeZone.getTimeZone("GMT+8")); objectMapper.configure(SerializationFeature.WRITE_NULL_MAP_VALUES, false); // Null value not serialized objectMapper.setSerializationInclusion(Include.NON_NULL); // Compatible processing when attributes are not present during deserialization objectMapper.configure(DeserializationFeature.FAIL_ON_UNKNOWN_PROPERTIES, false); // Uniform format of dates when serializing objectMapper.setDateFormat(new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss")); // It is forbidden to deserialize "Enum" with "int" on behalf of "Enum" objectMapper.configure(DeserializationFeature.FAIL_ON_NUMBERS_FOR_ENUMS, true); objectMapper.configure(DeserializationFeature.ACCEPT_SINGLE_VALUE_AS_ARRAY, true); // objectMapper.configure(DeserializationFeature.USE_JAVA_ARRAY_FOR_JSON_ARRAY, // true); objectMapper.configure(SerializationFeature.FAIL_ON_EMPTY_BEANS, false); // Single quote processing objectMapper.configure(com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonParser.Feature.ALLOW_SINGLE_QUOTES, true); // objectMapper.enableDefaultTyping(ObjectMapper.DefaultTyping.OBJECT_AND_NON_CONCRETE); } public static <T> T toObjectNoException(String json, Class<T> clazz) { try { return objectMapper.readValue(json, clazz); } catch (JsonParseException e) { logger.error(e.getMessage(), e); } catch (JsonMappingException e) { logger.error(e.getMessage(), e); } catch (IOException e) { logger.error(e.getMessage(), e); } return null; } public static <T> String toJsonNoException(T entity) { try { return objectMapper.writeValueAsString(entity); } catch (JsonGenerationException e) { logger.error(e.getMessage(), e); } catch (JsonMappingException e) { logger.error(e.getMessage(), e); } catch (IOException e) { logger.error(e.getMessage(), e); } return null; } public static <T> String toFormatJsonNoException(T entity) { try { return objectMapper.writerWithDefaultPrettyPrinter().writeValueAsString(entity); } catch (JsonGenerationException e) { logger.error(e.getMessage(), e); } catch (JsonMappingException e) { logger.error(e.getMessage(), e); } catch (IOException e) { logger.error(e.getMessage(), e); } return null; } public static <T> T toCollectionNoException(String json, TypeReference<T> typeReference) { try { return objectMapper.readValue(json, typeReference); } catch (JsonParseException e) { logger.error(e.getMessage(), e); } catch (JsonMappingException e) { logger.error(e.getMessage(), e); } catch (IOException e) { logger.error(e.getMessage(), e); } return null; } /** * Object to "json" string * * @param object * @return * @throws JsonProcessingException */ public static String toString(Object object) throws JsonProcessingException { return objectMapper.writeValueAsString(object); } /** * "json" string to object * * @param jsonString * @param rspValueType * @return * @throws JsonParseException * @throws JsonMappingException * @throws IOException */ public static <T> T toObject(String jsonString, Class<T> rspValueType) throws JsonParseException, JsonMappingException, IOException { return objectMapper.readValue(jsonString, rspValueType); } public static JsonNode readJsonNode(String jsonStr, String fieldName) { if (StringUtils.isEmpty(jsonStr)) { return null; } try { JsonNode root = objectMapper.readTree(jsonStr); return root.get(fieldName); } catch (IOException e) { logger.error("parse json string error:" + jsonStr, e); return null; } } @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") public static <T> T readJson(JsonNode node, Class<?> parametrized, Class<?>... parameterClasses) throws Exception { JavaType javaType = objectMapper.getTypeFactory().constructParametricType(parametrized, parameterClasses); return (T) objectMapper.readValue(toString(node), javaType); } /** * When converting "JSON" when using "Jackson", the date format setting "Jackson" two methods set the date format of the output * <p> * 1. Ordinary way: The default is to convert to "timestamps" form, you can cancel "timestamps" by the following way. * objectMapper.configure(SerializationConfig.Feature.WRITE_DATES_AS_TIMESTAMPS, * false); This will cause the time generation to use the so-called use a [ISO-8601]-compliant notation, which outputs a time similar to the following: * "1970-01-01T00:00:00.000+0000". Of course, you can also customize the output format: * objectMapper.getSerializationConfig().setDateFormat(myDateFormat); * The myDateFormat object is java.text.DateFormat, which uses the annotation method of checking java API 2.annotaion: * First define the format you need as follows * <p> * Then find the date get method on your POJO * * @JsonSerialize(using = CustomDateSerializer.class) public Date getCreateAt() * { return createAt; } * <p> * "java" date object converted to "JSON" date formatted custom class via "Jackson" library * @date 2010-5-3 */ public class CustomDateSerializer extends JsonSerializer<Date> { @Override public void serialize(Date value, JsonGenerator jgen, SerializerProvider provider) throws IOException, JsonProcessingException { SimpleDateFormat formatter = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd"); String formattedDate = formatter.format(value); jgen.writeString(formattedDate); } } }
調(diào)用示例:
post請(qǐng)求
String doPost = HttpUtils.doPost("url", formatJson, 5 * 1000); //5秒 JSONObject obj = JSONObject.fromObject(doPost).getJSONObject("test");
get請(qǐng)求
Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<>(); map.put("parms", parms); String doGet = HttpUtils.doGet("url", map, 10 * 1000); //10秒 String jsonResult = JSONObject.fromObject(doGet).getString("test"); JSONObject obj = JSONObject.fromObject(jsonResult);
以前工具僅供參考??!
到此這篇關(guān)于Java實(shí)現(xiàn)Http請(qǐng)求的常用方法詳解的文章就介紹到這了,更多相關(guān)Java Http請(qǐng)求內(nèi)容請(qǐng)搜索腳本之家以前的文章或繼續(xù)瀏覽下面的相關(guān)文章希望大家以后多多支持腳本之家!
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