Python中tkinter開發(fā)的常用29種功能用法總結
更新時間：2023年05月29日 16:43:20 作者：輕松學Python
tkinter(Tk?interface)是Python的標準GUl庫，支持跨平臺的GUl程序開發(fā)，本文為大家整理了tkinter開發(fā)時常用的29種功能用法，希望對大家有所幫助
在Python軟件開發(fā)中，tkinter中command功能的作用是為按鈕、菜單等組件綁定回調函數，用戶操作該組件時會觸發(fā)相應的函數執(zhí)行。
本文涵蓋了各種組件和功能：
1、為Button組件（按鈕）綁定回調函數
import tkinter as tk
def say_hello():
print("Hello World!")
root = tk.Tk()
button = tk.Button(root, text="點我", command=say_hello)
button.pack()
root.mainloop()
2、為Checkbutton組件（多選擇鈕）綁定回調函數
import tkinter as tk
def show_selection():
print("Selection is:", var.get())
root = tk.Tk()
var = tk.BooleanVar()
checkbutton = tk.Checkbutton(root, text="Select me", variable=var, command=show_selection)
checkbutton.pack()
root.mainloop()
3、為Radiobutton組件（單選擇鈕）綁定回調函數
import tkinter as tk
def show_selection():
print("Selection is:", var.get())
root = tk.Tk()
var = tk.StringVar()
radiobutton1 = tk.Radiobutton(root, text="Option 1", variable=var, value="Option 1", command=show_selection)
radiobutton2 = tk.Radiobutton(root, text="Option 2", variable=var, value="Option 2", command=show_selection)
radiobutton1.pack()
radiobutton2.pack()
root.mainloop()
4、為Listbox組件（列表組件）綁定回調函數
import tkinter as tk
def show_selection(event):
selection = event.widget.curselection()
print("Selection is:", event.widget.get(selection))
root = tk.Tk()
listbox = tk.Listbox(root)
listbox.insert("end", "Option 1")
listbox.insert("end", "Option 2")
listbox.bind("<<ListboxSelect>>", show_selection)
listbox.pack()
root.mainloop()
5、為Spinbox組件（條框）綁定回調函數
import tkinter as tk
# Python學習交流扣裙：708525271
def show_selection():
print("Selection is:", spinbox.get())
root = tk.Tk()
spinbox = tk.Spinbox(root, values=(1, 2, 3,4,5), command=show_selection)
spinbox.pack()
root.mainloop()運行后，選擇不同的參數，回傳到了spinbox組件
6、為Scale組件（滑條）綁定回調函數
import tkinter as tk
def show_selection(value):
print("Selection is:", value)
root = tk.Tk()
scale = tk.Scale(root, from_=0, to=100, command=show_selection)
scale.pack()
root.mainloop()
7、為Scrollbar組件（滾動條）綁定回調函數
import tkinter as tk
def scroll(event):
scrollbar.set(event.widget.get())
root = tk.Tk()
scrollbar = tk.Scrollbar(root, orient="vertical")
scrollbar.pack(side="right", fill="y")
listbox = tk.Listbox(root, yscrollcommand=scrollbar.set)
for i in range(100):
listbox.insert("end", "Option " + str(i))
scrollbar.config(command=listbox.yview)
listbox.bind("<MouseWheel>", scroll)
listbox.pack()
root.mainloop()
8、為Canvas組件（畫布）綁定回調函數
import tkinter as tk
def draw_line(event):
canvas.create_line(0, 0, event.x, event.y)
root = tk.Tk()
canvas = tk.Canvas(root, width=300, height=300)
canvas.bind("<Button-1>", draw_line)
canvas.pack()
root.mainloop()
9、為Text組件（文本框）綁定回調函數
import tkinter as tk
def count_characters(event):
text = event.widget.get("1.0", "end")
count = len(text.replace("\n", ""))
print("Character count:", count)
root = tk.Tk()
text = tk.Text(root)
text.bind("<KeyRelease>", count_characters)
text.pack()
root.mainloop()
10、為Menu組件（菜單）綁定回調函數
import tkinter as tk
def say_hello():
print("Hello World!")
root = tk.Tk()
menubar = tk.Menu(root)
filemenu = tk.Menu(menubar, tearoff=0)
filemenu.add_command(label="New")
filemenu.add_command(label="Open")
filemenu.add_command(label="Save")
filemenu.add_separator()
filemenu.add_command(label="Exit", command=root.quit)
editmenu = tk.Menu(menubar, tearoff=0)
editmenu.add_command(label="Copy")
editmenu.add_command(label="Cut")
editmenu.add_command(label="Paste")
editmenu.add_command(label="顯示問候",command=say_hello)
helpmenu = tk.Menu(menubar, tearoff=0)
helpmenu.add_command(label="About")
menubar.add_cascade(label="File", menu=filemenu)
menubar.add_cascade(label="Edit", menu=editmenu)
menubar.add_cascade(label="Help", menu=helpmenu)
root.config(menu=menubar)
root.mainloop()
11、為Canvas（畫布）中的圖形對象綁定回調函數
import tkinter as tk
def move_object(event):
canvas.move(rectangle, 10, 10)
root = tk.Tk()
canvas = tk.Canvas(root, width=300, height=300)
rectangle = canvas.create_rectangle(50, 50, 100, 100, fill="blue")
canvas.tag_bind(rectangle, "<Button-1>", move_object)
canvas.pack()
root.mainloop()
當點擊藍色方塊時，藍色方塊會移動
12、為Frame組件綁定回調函數
import tkinter as tk
def say_hello():
print("Hello World!")
root = tk.Tk()
frame = tk.Frame(root)
button = tk.Button(frame, text="Click me", command=say_hello)
button.pack()
frame.pack()
root.mainloop()
13、為Label組件（標簽）綁定回調函數
import tkinter as tk
def say_hello(event):
label.config(text="Hello World!")
root = tk.Tk()
label = tk.Label(root, text="Click me")
label.pack()
label.bind("<Button-1>", say_hello)
root.mainloop()
14、為Toplevel組件（頂部操作桿）綁定回調函數
import tkinter as tk
def create_window():
window = tk.Toplevel(root)
label = tk.Label(window, text="New Window")
label.pack()
root = tk.Tk()
button = tk.Button(root, text="Create window", command=create_window)
button.pack()
root.mainloop()
15、為Canvas中（畫布）的圖形對象設置鼠標樣式
import tkinter as tk
def set_cursor(event):
canvas.config(cursor="crosshair")
root = tk.Tk()
canvas = tk.Canvas(root, width=300, height=300)
canvas.bind("<Motion>", set_cursor)
canvas.pack()
root.mainloop()
16、為Entry組件綁定回調函數
import tkinter as tk
# Python學習交流裙：708525271
def show_input(event):
print("Input is:", entry.get())
root = tk.Tk()
entry = tk.Entry(root)
entry.bind("<Return>", show_input)
entry.pack()
root.mainloop()
17、為Text組件設置快捷鍵
import tkinter as tk
def copy(event):
text.event_generate("<Control-c>")
root = tk.Tk()
text = tk.Text(root)
text.bind("<Control-c>", lambda e: print("Copied!"))
button = tk.Button(root, text="Copy", command=lambda: copy(None))
button.pack()
text.pack()18、為Canvas中的圖形對象添加標簽
import tkinter as tk
def show_label(event):
item = canvas.find_withtag("current")
canvas.itemconfig(item, tags=("item", "selected"))
canvas.itemconfig("label", text="Selected item: " + str(item[0]))
root = tk.Tk()
canvas = tk.Canvas(root, width=300, height=300)
rectangle = canvas.create_rectangle(50, 50, 100, 100, fill="blue", tags=("item"))
label = canvas.create_text(150, 20, text="No item selected", tags=("label"))
canvas.bind("<Button-1>", show_label)
canvas.pack()
root.mainloop()驗證程序能夠運行，且可以顯示在沒有選擇前、選擇后。
19、為Canvas中的圖形對象設置動畫效果
import tkinter as tk
def animate():
canvas.move(rectangle, 2, 2)
canvas.after(10, animate)
root = tk.Tk()
canvas = tk.Canvas(root, width=300, height=300)
rectangle = canvas.create_rectangle(50, 50, 100, 100, fill="blue")
animate()
canvas.pack()
root.mainloop()經過驗證，程序可以運行，藍色的圖形會運動到右下角。
20、為Menu組件設置圖片
import tkinter as tk root = tk.Tk() menubar = tk.Menu(root) filemenu = tk.Menu(menubar, tearoff=0) filemenu.add_command(label="New", image=tk.PhotoImage(file="D:\\test\\test\\icons\\new.png")) filemenu.add_command(label="Open", image=tk.PhotoImage(file="D:\\test\\test\\icons\\open.png")) filemenu.add_command(label="Save", image=tk.PhotoImage(file="D:\\test\\test\\icons\\save.png")) filemenu.add_separator() filemenu.add_command(label="Exit", command=root.quit) editmenu = tk.Menu(menubar, tearoff=0) editmenu.add_command(label="Copy", image=tk.PhotoImage(file="D:\\test\\test\\icons\\copy.png")) editmenu.add_command(label="Cut", image=tk.PhotoImage(file="D:\\test\\test\\icons\\cut.png")) editmenu.add_command(label="Paste", image=tk.PhotoImage(file="D:\\test\\test\\icons\\paste.png")) helpmenu = tk.Menu(menubar, tearoff=0) helpmenu.add_command(label="About", image=tk.PhotoImage(file="D:\\test\\test\\icons\\about.png")) menubar.add_cascade(label="File", menu=filemenu) menubar.add_cascade(label="Edit", menu=editmenu) menubar.add_cascade(label="Help", menu=helpmenu) root.config(menu=menubar) root.mainloop()
程序測試好像不成功，沒有找到原因
21、為Canvas中的圖形對象設置背景圖片
import tkinter as tk root = tk.Tk() canvas = tk.Canvas(root, width=300, height=300) canvas.config(bg="white") photo = tk.PhotoImage(file="icons/background.png") canvas.create_image(0, 0, image=photo, anchor="nw") canvas.pack() root.mainloop()
22、為Canvas中的圖形對象設置鼠標拖動效果
import tkinter as tk
def start_drag(event):
global drag_pos
drag_pos = (event.x, event.y)
def drag(event):
global drag_pos
delta_x = event.x - drag_pos[0]
delta_y = event.y - drag_pos[1]
canvas.move(rectangle, delta_x, delta_y)
drag_pos = (event.x, event.y)
root = tk.Tk()
canvas = tk.Canvas(root, width=300, height=300)
rectangle = canvas.create_rectangle(50, 50, 100, 100, fill="blue")
canvas.tag_bind(rectangle, "<Button-1>", start_drag)
canvas.tag_bind(rectangle, "<B1-Motion>", drag)
canvas.pack()
root.mainloop()23、為Canvas中的圖形對象設置點擊特效
import tkinter as tk
def toggle_color(event):
canvas.itemconfig(event.widget, fill="green" if event.widget in selected else "blue")
if event.widget in selected:
selected.remove(event.widget)
else:
selected.append(event.widget)
root = tk.Tk()
canvas = tk.Canvas(root, width=300, height=300)
rectangles = []
selected = []
for i in range(3):
for j in range(3):
rectangle = canvas.create_rectangle(i*100, j*100, i*100+50, j*100+50, fill="blue")
canvas.tag_bind(rectangle, "<Button-1>", toggle_color)
rectangles.append(rectangle)
canvas.pack()
root.mainloop()24、為Canvas中的圖形對象設置縮放效果
import tkinter as tk
def zoom(delta):
scale = 1.1 if delta > 0 else 0.9
canvas.scale("all", 0, 0, scale, scale)
root = tk.Tk()
canvas = tk.Canvas(root, width=300, height=300)
rectangle = canvas.create_rectangle(50, 50, 100, 100, fill="blue")
canvas.bind("<MouseWheel>", lambda e: zoom(e.delta))
canvas.pack()
root.mainloop()25、為Canvas中的圖形對象設置旋轉效果
import tkinter as tk
import math
def rotate(delta):
angle = math.radians(delta)
rx, ry = canvas.coords(rectangle)[:2]
cos = math.cos(angle)
sin = math.sin(angle)
x, y = canvas.coords(rectangle)[2:4]
tx = cos * (x-rx) - sin * (y-ry) + rx
ty = sin * (x-rx) + cos * (y-ry) + ry
canvas.coords(rectangle, rx, ry, tx, ty)
root = tk.Tk()
canvas = tk.Canvas(root, width=300, height=300)
rectangle = canvas.create_rectangle(50, 50, 100, 100, fill="blue")
canvas.bind("<MouseWheel>", lambda e: rotate(e.delta))
canvas.pack()
root.mainloop()26、為Canvas中的圖形對象設置反色效果
import tkinter as tk
def toggle_color(event):
pixels = canvas.itemcget(event.widget, "fill")
if pixels == "blue":
canvas.itemconfig(event.widget, fill="yellow")
else:
canvas.itemconfig(event.widget, fill="blue")
root = tk.Tk()
canvas = tk.Canvas(root, width=300, height=300)
rectangles = []
for i in range(3):
for j in range(3):
rectangle = canvas.create_rectangle(i*100, j*100, i*100+50, j*100+50, fill="blue")
canvas.tag_bind(rectangle, "<Button-1>", toggle_color)
rectangles.append(rectangle)
canvas.pack()
root.mainloop()27、為Canvas中的圖形對象設置閃爍效果
import tkinter as tk
def start_blink(event):
canvas.itemconfig(event.widget, fill="yellow")
canvas.after(200, lambda: canvas.itemconfig(event.widget, fill="blue"))
canvas.after(400, lambda: canvas.itemconfig(event.widget, fill="yellow"))
canvas.after(600, lambda: canvas.itemconfig(event.widget, fill="blue"))
root = tk.Tk()
canvas = tk.Canvas(root, width=300, height=300)
rectangles = []
for i in range(3):
for j in range(3):
rectangle = canvas.create_rectangle(i*100, j*100, i*100+50, j*100+50, fill="blue")
canvas.tag_bind(rectangle, "<Button-1>", start_blink)
rectangles.append(rectangle)
canvas.pack()
root.mainloop()
28、為Menu組件設置子菜單
# 為Menu組件設置子菜單 import tkinter as tk root = tk.Tk() menubar = tk.Menu(root) filemenu = tk.Menu(menubar, tearoff=0) filemenu.add_command(label="New") filemenu.add_command(label="Open") filemenu.add_command(label="Save") subfilemenu = tk.Menu(filemenu, tearoff=0) subfilemenu.add_command(label="Option 1") subfilemenu.add_command(label="Option 2") filemenu.add_cascade(label="More", menu=subfilemenu) filemenu.add_separator() filemenu.add_command(label="Exit", command=root.quit) menubar.add_cascade(label="File", menu=filemenu) root.config(menu=menubar) root.mainloop()
29、為Canvas中的圖形對象設置尺寸調整效果
# 為Canvas中的圖形對象設置尺寸調整效果
import tkinter as tk
def start_resize(event):
global resize_pos
resize_pos = (event.x, event.y)
def resize(event):
global resize_pos
delta_x = event.x - resize_pos[0]
delta_y = event.y - resize_pos[1]
x, y, w, h = canvas.coords(rectangle)
if event.widget == resize_left:
canvas.coords(rectangle, x+delta_x, y, w-delta_x, h)
elif event.widget == resize_top:
canvas.coords(rectangle, x, y+delta_y, w, h-delta_y)
elif event.widget == resize_right:
canvas.coords(rectangle, x, y, w+delta_x, h)
elif event.widget == resize_bottom:
canvas.coords(rectangle, x, y, w, h+delta_y)
resize_pos = (event.x, event.y)
root = tk.Tk()
canvas = tk.Canvas(root, width=300, height=300)
rectangle = canvas.create_rectangle(50, 50, 100, 100, fill="blue")
resize_left = tk.Canvas(canvas, width=10, height=10, bd=-2, bg="white", cursor="sb_h_double_arrow")
resize_top = tk.Canvas(canvas, width=10, height=10, bd=-2, bg="white", cursor="sb_v_double_arrow")
resize_right = tk.Canvas(canvas, width=10, height=10, bd=-2, bg="white", cursor="sb_h_double_arrow")
resize_bottom = tk.Canvas(canvas, width=10, height=10, bd=-2, bg="white", cursor="sb_v_double_arrow")
resize_left.place(x=50-5, y=75-5)
resize_top.place(x=75-5, y=50-5)
resize_right.place(x=100-5, y=75-5)
resize_bottom.place(x=75-5, y=100-5)
resize_left.bind("<Button-1>", start_resize)
resize_top.bind("<Button-1>", start_resize)
resize_right.bind("<Button-1>", start_resize)
resize_bottom.bind("<Button-1>", start_resize)
resize_left.bind("<B1-Motion>", resize)
resize_top.bind("<B1-Motion>", resize)
resize_right.bind("<B1-Motion>", resize)
resize_bottom.bind("<B1-Motion>", resize)
canvas.pack()
root.mainloop()
以上就是Python中tkinter開發(fā)的常用29種功能用法總結的詳細內容，更多關于Python tkinter的資料請關注腳本之家其它相關文章！
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